NeoplamsNCT07704502
The Effect of Isometric Exercise and Dry Heat Application on PIVC
A study testing Isometric exercise and Dry heat application in people with Neoplams and PIV Catheter Insertion, run by Inonu University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of isometric exercise and dry heat application technique on venous fullness and vein visibility in cancer patients. Design: This study is a randomized controlled trial model. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Neoplams, PIV Catheter Insertion
- What is being tested?
- Isometric exercise and Dry heat application
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 180 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 21 Aug 2021to 30 Jul 2023
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Undergoing chemotherapy treatment,
- Receiving at least 3 cycles of chemotherapy treatment,
- Not diagnosed with diabetes and/or without peripheral neuropathy,
- Not receiving antithrombotic therapy,
- Without bleeding tendency and thrombocytopenia,
- No deep vein thrombosis,
Show all 13Show fewer
- No complications associated with PIVC (such as ecchymosis, hematoma, scarring, edema, infiltration, extravasation and phlebitis),
- No allergy or sensitivity to heat,
- No metal prosthesis in the extremity to be heat therapy applied,
- No limb deformity that would prevent performing isometric exercises,
- No communication problems,
- No history of paralysis
- Patients who volunteered to participate in the study were included.
Who cannot join
- Total mastectomy,
- With peripheral nerve disease,
- More than 2 peripheral IV catheters applied,
- Psychiatric illness,
- People with intellectual disabilities at a level that cannot perceive cognitive functions and
- Individuals who did not perform or did not want to perform the procedures applied during the research process were not included in the study.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: The Effect of Isometric Exercise and Dry Heat Application on Venous Fullness and Vein Visibility in Cancer Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of isometric exercise and dry heat application technique on venous fullness and vein visibility in cancer patients.
Design: This study is a randomized controlled trial model. Methods: This study was conducted in the outpatient chemotherapy unit of Malatya Turgut Ozal Medical Center Oncology Hospital, Türkiye. A total of 180 patients were enrolled and randomly allocated using block randomization to an isometric exercise group (n = 60), a dry heat application group (n = 60), or a control group (n = 60). Sample size was determined through power analysis. Data were collected using the "Descriptive Information Form", "Vein Rating Scale" and "Vein Assessment Tool".
Read the detailed description
Patients admitted to the chemotherapy unit were approached before treatment and informed about the purpose and procedures of the study. Eligibility was assessed according to the inclusion criteria, and written informed consent was obtained from all patients who met the eligibility criteria and voluntarily agreed to participate.
The data collection procedure consisted of the following steps:
Baseline assessment: Participants first completed the socio-demographic section of the Patient Information Form, and the responses were recorded by the researcher.
Pre-intervention vein assessment: A tourniquet was applied to the patient's upper extremity, and vein characteristics were assessed by the nurse using the Vein Rating Scale (VRS) and the Vein Assessment Tool (VAT). During this assessment, no manoeuvres intended to enhance vein visibility (e.g., repeated hand opening and closing, tapping, or slapping the vein) were permitted after tourniquet application. The tourniquet was then removed, and the patient rested for 10 minutes before baseline (pre-test) measurements were recorded.
Intervention: Participants received one of the study interventions according to their assigned group.
Isometric exercise group: Participants were provided with silicone hand exercise balls and instructed to squeeze and release the ball 15-20 times.
Dry heat application group: A chemical gel compress heated to 40 ± 2°C was applied to the selected extremity. Based on previous evidence, maintaining local heat at 40 ± 2°C for at least 5 minutes is sufficient to induce vasodilation.
Control group: Participants received routine peripheral intravenous catheterisation care without any additional intervention.
Post-intervention vein assessment: Immediately after completion of the intervention, a tourniquet was reapplied, and vein characteristics were reassessed by the nurse using the VRS and VAT. These measurements constituted the post-test assessment.
Peripheral intravenous catheterisation: Following the post-test assessment, peripheral intravenous catheterisation was performed by the chemotherapy nurse according to standard clinical practice.
- Conditions
- Neoplams, PIV Catheter Insertion
- Being tested
- Isometric exercise, Dry heat application
- Keywords
- Neoplasms, Peripheral Venous Catheterization, Thermotherapy, Isometcic Exercise
- Medical subject headings
- Neoplasms, Hyperthermia
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Isometric exerciseOther
articipants were provided with silicone hand exercise balls and instructed to squeeze and release the ball 15-20 times.
Dry heat applicationOther
A chemical gel compress heated to 40 ± 2°C was applied to the selected extremity. Based on previous evidence, maintaining local heat at 40 ± 2°C for at least 5 minutes is sufficient to induce vasodilation.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Isometric exercise group | Experimental | Isometric exercise group: Participants were provided with silicone hand exercise balls and instructed to squeeze and release the ball 15-20 times. Receives: Other: Isometric exercise |
| Dry heat application group | Experimental | A chemical gel compress heated to 40 ± 2°C was applied to the selected extremity. Based on previous evidence, maintaining local heat at 40 ± 2°C for at least 5 minutes is sufficient to induce vasodilation. Receives: Other: Dry heat application |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Effects of isometric exercise
Participants were provided with silicone hand exercise balls and instructed to squeeze and release the ball 15-20 times. Vein status is evaluated as the "Vein Rating scale" and the "Vein Assessment Tool". There was a visual analog scale that could be graded from 1 to 10, which evaluated the satisfaction of the nurse with the procedure and the patient's satisfaction with the previous application and the current application. The assessment of satisfaction level was performed after the IV catheter was inserted.
Measured: Vein Rating Scale:At baseline (before the intervention) and immediately after the intervention Vein Assessment Tool:At baseline (before the intervention) and immediately after the intervention
Secondary outcomes (1)
Effects of dry heat application
Description: A chemical gel compress heated to 40 ± 2°C was applied to the selected extremity. Based on previous evidence, maintaining local heat at 40 ± 2°C for at least 5 minutes is sufficient to induce vasodilation. Vein status is evaluated as the "Vein Rating scale" and the "Vein Assessment Tool". There was a visual analog scale that could be graded from 1 to 10, which evaluated the satisfaction of the nurse with the procedure and the patient's satisfaction with the previous application and the current application. The assessment of satisfaction level was performed after the IV catheter was inserted.
Measured: Vein Rating Scale:At baseline (before the intervention) and immediately after the intervention Vein Assessment Tool:At baseline (before the intervention) and immediately after the intervention
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted15 Jul 2026
- Study start21 Aug 2021
- Primary completion15 Jul 2023
- Study completion30 Jul 2023
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for NeoplamsStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Inonu UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 180 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Inonu University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Hakime Aslan, Inonu University
- Investigators
- Hakime Aslan, Principal investigator, Faculty of Nursing
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07704502
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- HakimeAslann
- Status last verified
- Jul 2026
- First submitted
- 8 Jul 2026
- Last updated
- 15 Jul 2026
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Kaplan F, Aslan H. The effect of micro-teaching method on psychomotor skills, attitude, self-efficacy and perceived clinical stress of nursing students: Randomised controlled trial. Nurse Educ Pract. 2025 Aug;87:104519. doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2025.104519. Epub 2025 Aug 18.
PubMed 40840078
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 15 Jul 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Isometric Exercise and Dry Heat Application on Venous Fullness and Vein Visibility in Cancer Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07704502
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- HakimeAslann
- Conditions
- Neoplams, PIV Catheter Insertion
- Keywords
- Neoplasms, Peripheral Venous Catheterization, Thermotherapy, Isometcic Exercise
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 180 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Inonu UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 21 Aug 2021 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 15 Jul 2023 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Jul 2023 (actual)
- First posted
- 15 Jul 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of isometric exercise and dry heat application technique on venous fullness and vein visibility in cancer patients.
Design: This study is a randomized controlled trial model. Methods: This study was conducted in the outpatient chemotherapy unit of Malatya Turgut Ozal Medical Center Oncology Hospital, Türkiye. A total of 180 patients were enrolled and randomly allocated using block randomization to an isometric exercise group (n = 60), a dry heat application group (n = 60), or a control group (n = 60). Sample size was determined through power analysis. Data were collected using the "Descriptive Information Form", "Vein Rating Scale" and "Vein Assessment Tool".
Detailed description
Patients admitted to the chemotherapy unit were approached before treatment and informed about the purpose and procedures of the study. Eligibility was assessed according to the inclusion criteria, and written informed consent was obtained from all patients who met the eligibility criteria and voluntarily agreed to participate.
The data collection procedure consisted of the following steps:
Baseline assessment: Participants first completed the socio-demographic section of the Patient Information Form, and the responses were recorded by the researcher.
Pre-intervention vein assessment: A tourniquet was applied to the patient's upper extremity, and vein characteristics were assessed by the nurse using the Vein Rating Scale (VRS) and the Vein Assessment Tool (VAT). During this assessment, no manoeuvres intended to enhance vein visibility (e.g., repeated hand opening and closing, tapping, or slapping the vein) were permitted after tourniquet application. The tourniquet was then removed, and the patient rested for 10 minutes before baseline (pre-test) measurements were recorded.
Intervention: Participants received one of the study interventions according to their assigned group.
Isometric exercise group: Participants were provided with silicone hand exercise balls and instructed to squeeze and release the ball 15-20 times.
Dry heat application group: A chemical gel compress heated to 40 ± 2°C was applied to the selected extremity. Based on previous evidence, maintaining local heat at 40 ± 2°C for at least 5 minutes is sufficient to induce vasodilation.
Control group: Participants received routine peripheral intravenous catheterisation care without any additional intervention.
Post-intervention vein assessment: Immediately after completion of the intervention, a tourniquet was reapplied, and vein characteristics were reassessed by the nurse using the VRS and VAT. These measurements constituted the post-test assessment.
Peripheral intravenous catheterisation: Following the post-test assessment, peripheral intravenous catheterisation was performed by the chemotherapy nurse according to standard clinical practice.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Isometric exercise group | Experimental | Other: Isometric exerciseIsometric exercise group: Participants were provided with silicone hand exercise balls and instructed to squeeze and release the ball 15-20 times. |
| Dry heat application group | Experimental | Other: Dry heat applicationA chemical gel compress heated to 40 ± 2°C was applied to the selected extremity. Based on previous evidence, maintaining local heat at 40 ± 2°C for at least 5 minutes is sufficient to induce vasodilation. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (13 listed)
- Undergoing chemotherapy treatment,
- Receiving at least 3 cycles of chemotherapy treatment,
- Not diagnosed with diabetes and/or without peripheral neuropathy,
- Not receiving antithrombotic therapy,
- Without bleeding tendency and thrombocytopenia,
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Total mastectomy,
- With peripheral nerve disease,
- More than 2 peripheral IV catheters applied,
- Psychiatric illness,
- People with intellectual disabilities at a level that cannot perceive cognitive functions and
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Isometric exercisearticipants were provided with silicone hand exercise balls and instructed to squeeze and release the ball 15-20 times. | Other | Isometric exercise group |
| Dry heat applicationA chemical gel compress heated to 40 ± 2°C was applied to the selected extremity. Based on previous evidence, maintaining local heat at 40 ± 2°C for at least 5 minutes is sufficient to induce vasodilation. | Other | Dry heat application group |
Primary outcome
Effects of isometric exercise
Time frame: Vein Rating Scale:At baseline (before the intervention) and immediately after the intervention Vein Assessment Tool:At baseline (before the intervention) and immediately after the intervention
Participants were provided with silicone hand exercise balls and instructed to squeeze and release the ball 15-20 times. Vein status is evaluated as the "Vein Rating scale" and the "Vein Assessment Tool". There was a visual analog scale that could be graded from 1 to 10, which evaluated the satisfaction of the nurse with the procedure and the patient's satisfaction with the previous application and the current application. The assessment of satisfaction level was performed after the IV catheter was inserted.
1 secondary outcome
Effects of dry heat application
Time frame: Vein Rating Scale:At baseline (before the intervention) and immediately after the intervention Vein Assessment Tool:At baseline (before the intervention) and immediately after the intervention
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 15 Jul 2026.
- Background: PubMed 40840078Kaplan F, Aslan H. The effect of micro-teaching method on psychomotor skills, attitude, self-efficacy and perceived clinical stress of nursing students: Randomised controlled trial. Nurse Educ Pract. 2025 Aug;87:104519. doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2025.104519. Epub 2025 Aug 18.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Hakime Aslan principal investigator
Faculty of Nursing
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Isometric exercise and Dry heat application in people with Neoplams and PIV Catheter Insertion, run by Inonu University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 13 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 15 Jul 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Effects of isometric exercise (time frame: Vein Rating Scale:At baseline (before the intervention) and immediately after the intervention Vein Assessment Tool:At baseline (before the intervention) and immediately after the intervention). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07704502, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 15 Jul 2026.