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Device-detected Atrial FibrillationDDAF-HEVNCT07713615

Blood Clotting Markers and Heart Ultrasound in People With Device-Detected Atrial Fibrillation

An observational study of Device-detected Atrial Fibrillation and Subclinical Atrial Fibrillation, run by Andreas Sjøholm-Christensen at 1 site in Denmark.

Recruiting

Looking for participants now. Contact the study team or a site below to ask about taking part.

Sites and contacts
Official record

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Trial summary

The purpose of this observational study is to investigate whether blood tests related to blood clotting are associated with established clinical stroke risk scores, the total amount of device-detected atrial fibrillation recorded by an implanted cardiac device, and ultrasound measurements of the heart in people with… Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 50 years and older
How many people
222 participants
Where
1 siteDenmark
Study dates
27 Feb 2026to Sep 2037
How long will I take part?
10 Years
Phase
Observational

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 50 years and older
  • All sexes
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Adult, Older adult

Study population: Participants will be recruited from the Department of Cardiology, Esbjerg and Grindsted Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark. The study population comprises adults with implanted cardiac devices undergoing routine outpatient device interrogation or home monitoring. The device-detected atrial fibrillation cohort will include participants with at least one episode of device-detected atrial fibrillation lasting ≥30 seconds identified during either during routine device interrogation within the previous 12 months or through home monitoring. The control cohort will comprise participants without device-detected atrial fibrillation during the previous 4 years, recruited from the same outpatient population and matched on age, sex, and indication for cardiac device implantation. All participants will be enrolled consecutively from a single-center cardiology outpatient clinic.

Who may be able to join

  • Age > 50 years at inclusion
  • Presence of a cardiac implanted electronic device, either:
  • A pacemaker or internal cardiac defibrillator with an atrial lead
  • An implantable cardiac monitor
  • ≥1 episode of device-detected atrial fibrillation lasting ≥30 seconds within the previous 12 months, indentified:
  • During routine cardiac implantable electronic device interrogation for patients with a pacemaker or implantable cardiac defibrillator.
Show all 9Show fewer
  • Through remote monitoring for patients with an implantable cardiac monitor
  • The longest episode of device-detected atrial fibrillation must be confirmed by the investigator by review of the stored intracardiac electrogram (EGM) for pacemakers and implantable cardiac defibrillators or review of the single-lead electrogardiogram for implantable cardiac monitors.
  • Written informed consent obtained prior to inclusion

Who cannot join

  • History of ECG-documented atrial fibrillation at any time prior to inclusion
  • Use of oral anticoagulation or dual antiplatelet therapy within 6 months prior to inclusion, irrespective of indication
  • Current treatment with oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy
  • Pregnancy or breastfeeding
  • End-stage renal disease (creatinine clearance <15 mL/min, calculated using the Cockcroft-Gault equation)
  • Active malignancy, defined as cancer diagnosis not followed by curative treatment within 6 months of diagnosis
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  • Major surgery within the last 3 months
  • Connective tissue disease requiring treatment
  • Acute coronary syndrome, stroke/transient ischemic attack, or venous thromboembolism within 3 months prior to inclusion
  • Known thrombophilia
  • Clinically significant hepatic or hematological disease requiring treatment and/or specialist follow-up
  • Mechanical heart valve, moderate-to-severe mitral stenosis, or other valvular disease requiring intervention

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.

Andreas Sjøholm-Christensen, MD contact

+45 71776422

andreas.sjoholm-christensen@rsyd.dk

Denmark1 site, 1 recruiting
  • Department of Cardiology, Esbjerg and Grindsted Hospital, Southwest Denmark

    Esbjerg, 6700

    Andreas Sjøholm-Christensen, MD, +45 71776422, andreas.sjoholm-christensen@rsyd.dk

    Andreas Sjøholm-Christensen, MD

    Recruiting

Other trials in Denmark

About this study

Official title: Device-Detected Atrial Fibrillation - Haemostatic Profile and Echocardiographic Variables

The purpose of this observational study is to investigate whether blood tests related to blood clotting are associated with established clinical stroke risk scores, the total amount of device-detected atrial fibrillation recorded by an implanted cardiac device, and ultrasound measurements of the heart in people with device-detected atrial fibrillation. The study will also evaluate whether these baseline measurements are associated with future clinical outcomes and may improve future stroke risk assessment.

Device-detected atrial fibrillation is an irregular heart rhythm detected by implanted cardiac devices such as pacemakers, implantable cardiac monitors, and implantable defibrillators. It is often brief and does not cause symptoms. Although it increases the risk of stroke and systemic embolism, the risk is lower than in people with clinically diagnosed atrial fibrillation. As a result, it remains difficult to identify which patients are most likely to benefit from blood-thinning medication, which reduces the risk of stroke but also increases the risk of bleeding.

Read more

The study will include 222 participants with implanted cardiac devices, including 111 participants with device-detected atrial fibrillation and 111 age-, sex-, and cardiac device indication-matched control participants without device-detected atrial fibrillation. At baseline, participants will undergo blood sampling, ultrasound examination of the heart, and routine device interrogation. Information on medical history and established clinical stroke risk factors will also be collected. The implanted cardiac device will be used to determine the total amount of device-detected atrial fibrillation recorded since the last device interrogation.

The baseline analyses will investigate whether established clinical stroke risk scores, the total amount of device-detected atrial fibrillation, and heart ultrasound findings are associated with changes in blood clotting that may indicate an increased tendency to form blood clots. The study will evaluate both primary and additional blood clotting markers to improve the understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying thromboembolic risk in device-detected atrial fibrillation.

Participants will subsequently be followed for 10 years to determine whether baseline blood clotting markers, the total amount of device-detected atrial fibrillation, heart ultrasound findings, and clinical stroke risk scores are associated with future clinical outcomes, including stroke, systemic embolism, hospitalization, death, progression to clinically diagnosed atrial fibrillation, and initiation of oral anticoagulant therapy.

The findings may improve the understanding of thromboembolic risk in people with device-detected atrial fibrillation and support the development of more individualized approaches to future stroke risk assessment and treatment.

Read the detailed description

Scientific Rationale Device-detected atrial fibrillation (DDAF) is associated with an increased risk of stroke and systemic embolism, although the risk is lower than in patients with clinically diagnosed atrial fibrillation. Consequently, it remains challenging to identify which patients are most likely to benefit from oral anticoagulant therapy while minimizing the risk of bleeding. Current stroke risk assessment in patients with device-detected atrial fibrillation relies primarily on clinical risk scores and does not incorporate haemostatic biomarkers, the burden of device-detected atrial fibrillation, or echocardiographic markers of atrial remodeling that may contribute to thromboembolic risk. This study aims to improve the understanding of thromboembolic risk in patients with DDAF and to evaluate whether integrating clinical stroke risk scores, DDAF burden, advanced echocardiographic variables, and haemostatic biomarkers may improve future stroke risk assessment.

Study Design This is a prospective, single-center observational cohort study conducted at the Department of Cardiology, Esbjerg and Grindsted Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, in collaboration with the Unit for Thrombosis Research, Department of Clinical Diagnostics.

The study consists of a single prospective observational cohort with three prespecified baseline analyses followed by a prospective 10-year longitudinal follow-up. A total of 222 participants will be enrolled, including 111 participants with device-detected atrial fibrillation and 111 control participants matched for age, sex, and indication for cardiac device implantation.

Baseline Assessments At baseline, all participants will undergo standardized blood sampling, comprehensive transthoracic echocardiography, and collection of demographic and clinical information. Device interrogation will be performed to quantify the burden of device-detected atrial fibrillation. Clinical thromboembolic risk will be assessed using the CHA₂DS₂-VASc score. In addition, the ABC-stroke score will be calculated to evaluate its associations with haemostatic biomarkers and subsequent clinical outcomes in participants with device-detected atrial fibrillation.

Independent variables in the prespecified baseline analyses include the CHA₂DS₂-VASc score, the ABC-stroke score, burden of device-detected atrial fibrillation, and advanced echocardiographic variables.

The baseline analyses are designed to address three prespecified objectives. Together, these analyses are intended to determine whether established clinical stroke risk scores, burden of device-detected atrial fibrillation, and cardiac structural and functional abnormalities are associated with a more prothrombotic haemostatic profile.

  1. To investigate whether the primary haemostatic biomarkers, endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) and von Willebrand factor antigen, differ between participants with device-detected atrial fibrillation and matched controls and whether they are associated with the CHA₂DS₂-VASc and ABC-stroke risk scores. Secondary analyses will evaluate associations between additional haemostatic biomarkers and the clinical stroke risk scores.
  2. To investigate whether the primary haemostatic biomarkers are associated with the burden of device-detected atrial fibrillation. Secondary analyses will evaluate associations between DDAF burden and additional haemostatic biomarkers.
  3. To investigate whether the primary haemostatic biomarkers are associated with advanced echocardiographic variables, including left atrial size and function. Secondary analyses will evaluate associations between echocardiographic variables and additional haemostatic biomarkers.

The primary cross-sectional outcome measures are endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) and von Willebrand factor antigen. Secondary cross-sectional outcome measures comprise additional biomarkers of coagulation and fibrinolysis.

Longitudinal Follow-up Participants will subsequently be followed for 10 years through electronic health records, routine device interrogation reports, and Danish national health registries. Follow-up data will be collected every second year to evaluate whether baseline primary and secondary haemostatic biomarkers, DDAF burden, clinical stroke risk scores, and echocardiographic findings are associated with subsequent stroke, systemic embolism, hospitalization, death, progression to clinically diagnosed atrial fibrillation, and initiation of oral anticoagulant therapy.

Statistical Analysis The sample size was calculated to provide 80% statistical power at a two-sided significance level of 5% to detect the expected differences in endogenous thrombin potential and von Willebrand factor antigen between predefined CHA₂DS₂-VASc stroke risk groups, based on previously published effect sizes.

Continuous variables will be assessed for normality using histograms and Q-Q plots. Variables with skewed distributions will be logarithmically transformed where appropriate. Homogeneity of variances will be assessed before parametric analyses. Continuous variables will be summarized as mean ± standard deviation or median with interquartile range according to data distribution, whereas categorical variables will be summarized as frequencies and percentages.

Baseline comparisons between participants with device-detected atrial fibrillation and matched controls will be performed using appropriate parametric or non-parametric statistical methods according to data distribution. Multivariable regression models will be adjusted for predefined confounding variables as appropriate.

The prespecified baseline analyses will primarily be performed using multivariable linear regression models with endogenous thrombin potential and von Willebrand factor antigen as the primary dependent variables. Secondary analyses will evaluate associations with additional haemostatic biomarkers. Regression models will be adjusted for prespecified confounding variables. Continuous predictors will be assessed for approximate linearity, and the assumptions underlying the linear regression models will be evaluated before interpretation of the results. Sensitivity analyses will be performed to evaluate the robustness of the primary findings. Adjustment for multiple testing will be performed using the Holm-Bonferroni procedure.

Longitudinal analyses will evaluate whether baseline haemostatic biomarkers, burden of device-detected atrial fibrillation, clinical stroke risk scores, and echocardiographic findings are associated with subsequent clinical outcomes. Time-to-event analyses will be performed using Cox proportional hazards regression models when appropriate. Hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals will be reported. Statistical significance will be defined as a two-sided p-value <0.05.

Keywords
Stroke risk, Thromboembolism, ABC-stroke score, Haemostasis, Thrombin generation, von Willebrand factor, Echocardiography, Left atrial function, Cardiac implantable electronic devices, Oral anticoagulation, Biomarkers, Atrial fibrillation burden, CHA₂DS₂-VASc, CHA₂DS₂-VA
Medical subject headings
Thromboembolism

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

Study groups in NCT07713615
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Device-detected atrial fibrillationPatients with implanted cardiac devices with at least one episode of device-detected atrial fibrillation lasting ≥ 30 seconds within the preceding year, identified during routine device interrogation visits or through remote monitoring.
Matched controls without device-detected atrial fibrillationPatients with implanted cardiac devices without device-detected atrial fibrillation in the preceding four years, matched 1:1 to cases on age, sex, and indication for device implantation, identified during routine device follow-up visits or through home monitoring.

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Thrombin generation assessed by endogenous thrombin potential

    Thrombin generation plays a pivotal role in blood clotting and thus serve as primary outcome measure. Thrombin generation will be assessed through measurement of endogenous thrombin potential (nmol/L x min), using the calibrated automated thrombography (CAT) method.

    Measured: Baseline

  2. Levels of von Willebrand factor (vWF) antigen

    von Willebrand factor plays an important role in platelet plug formation. von Willebrand factor antigen (%) will be measured using an in-house immunoassay.

    Measured: Baseline

Secondary outcomes (50)
  1. Plasma P-selectin Concentration

    Plasma concentration of soluble P-selectin antigen (ng/ml) measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). P-selectin will only be measured in participants with elevated von Willebrand factor antigen concentrations.

    Measured: Baseline

  2. Thrombin generation assessed by lag time

    Thrombin generation plays a pivotal role in blood clotting. Thrombin generation will be assessed through measurement of lag time (min), using the calibrated automated thrombography (CAT) method.

    Measured: Baseline.

  3. Thrombin generation assessed by peak thrombin concentration

    Thrombin generation plays a pivotal role in blood clotting. Thrombin generation will be assessed through measurement of peak thrombin concentration (nmol/L), using the calibrated automated thrombography (CAT) method.

    Measured: Baseline

  4. Thrombin generation assessed by time to peak

    Thrombin generation plays a pivotal role in blood clotting. Thrombin generation will be assessed through measurement of time to peak (min), using the calibrated automated thrombography (CAT) method.

    Measured: Baseline

  5. Kallikrein generation assessed by lag time

    Kallikrein generation plays an important role in the contact activation system of the secondary hemostasis. Kallikrein generation will be assessed through measurement of lag time (min), using the calibrated automated thrombography (CAT) method.

    Measured: Baseline

  6. High-sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T (hs-cTnT) Concentration

    Plasma concentration of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) in ng/L measured at baseline

    Measured: Baseline

  7. Kallikrein generation assessed by peak kallikrein concentration

    Kallikrein generation plays an important role in the contact activation system of the secondary hemostasis. Kallikrein generation will be assessed through measurement of peak kallikrein concentration (nmol/L), using the calibrated automated thrombography (CAT) method.

    Measured: Baseline

  8. Kallikrein generation assessed by time to peak

    Kallikrein generation plays an important role in the contact activation system of the secondary hemostasis. Kallikrein generation will be assessed through measurement of time to peak (min), using the calibrated automated thrombography (CAT) method.

    Measured: Baseline

  9. Kallikrein generation assessed by endogenous kallikrein potential

    Kallikrein generation plays an important role in the contact activation system of the secondary hemostasis. Kallikrein generation will be assessed through measurement of endogenous kallikrein potential (nmol/L*min), using the calibrated automated thrombography (CAT) method.

    Measured: Baseline

  10. Concentrations of prothrombin fragment 1 + 2

    Activation of the inactive prothrombin to the active thrombin will be estimated from concentrations of prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (pmol/L), using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

    Measured: Baseline

  11. Concentration of cleaved high-molecular weight kininogen (cHK)

    cHK is an essential component of the contact activation system of the coagulation cascade. cHK (µg/ml) will be measured with the help of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

    Measured: Baseline

  12. Concentration of coagulation factor XII (FXII)

    FXII is an essential component of the contact activation system of the coagulation cascade. FXII (µg/ml) will be measured with the help of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

    Measured: Baseline

  13. Concentration of prekallikrein

    Prekallikrein is an essential component of the contact activation system of the coagulation cascade. Prekallikrein (µg/ml) will be measured with the help of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

    Measured: Baseline

  14. Concentration of high-molecular weight kininogen (HK)

    HK plays a key role in the contact activation system of the coagulation cascade. HK (%) will be measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

    Measured: Baseline

  15. Concentration of C1-inhibitor

    C1-inhibitor is the main regulator of the contact activation system. Concentration of C1-inhibitor (g/L) will be measured using nephelometry.

    Measured: Baseline

  16. Concentration of coagulation factor VII (FVII)

    FVII plays an important role in the secondary hemostasis. Concentration of FVII (%) will be measured using clot assay.

    Measured: Baseline

  17. Concentration of coagulation factor X (FX)

    FX plays an important role in the secondary hemostasis. Concentration of FX (%) will be measured using clot assay.

    Measured: Baseline

  18. Concentration of coagulation factor II (FII)

    FII plays an important role in the secondary hemostasis. Concentration of FII (%) will be measured using clot assay.

    Measured: Baseline

  19. Concentration of protein C

    Protein C is essential for the regulation of the blood coagulation cascade. Concentration of protein C (%) will be measured using chromogenic assay.

    Measured: Baseline

  20. Concentration of protein S

    Protein S is essential for the regulation of the blood coagulation cascade. Concentration of protein S (%) will be measured using turbidity.

    Measured: Baseline

  21. Concentration of antithrombin (AT)

    Antithrombin is essential for the regulation of the blood coagulation cascade. Concentration of antithrombin (%) will be measured using chromogenic assay.

    Measured: Baseline

  22. Concentration of tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI)

    TFPI is important in the regulation of the blood coagulation system. TFPI (pg/ml) will be measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

    Measured: Baseline

  23. Fibrin turnover assessed by maximum lysis velocity (Vmax)

    Fibrin turnover will be assessed through fibrin clot lysis, where measurement of Vmax (optical density (OD)/min) will be conducted.

    Measured: Baseline

  24. Fibrin turnover assessed by peak optical density (OD)

    Fibrin turnover will be assessed through fibrin clot lysis, where measurement of peak OD (OD) will be conducted.

    Measured: Baseline

  25. Fibrin turnover assessed by clot lysis

    Fibrin turnover will be assessed through fibrin clot lysis, where measurement of clot lysis (%) will be conducted.

    Measured: Baseline

  26. Fibrin turnover assessed by overall hemostatic potential (OHP)

    Fibrin turnover will be assessed through fibrin clot lysis, where measurement of OHP (OD x min) will be conducted.

    Measured: Baseline

  27. Fibrin turnover assessed by fiber diameter

    Fibrin turnover will be assessed through fibrin clot lysis, where measurement of fiber diameter (µm) will be conducted.

    Measured: Baseline

  28. Fibrin turnover assessed by fiber density

    Fibrin turnover will be assessed through fibrin clot lysis, where measurement of fiber density (x 10^6 Da/cm^3) will be conducted.

    Measured: Baseline

  29. Concentration of fibrinogen

    Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, in which thrombin plays a key role, is essential for blood coagulation. Concentrations of fibrinogen (µmol/L) will be measured using nephelometry.

    Measured: Baseline

  30. Concentration of D-dimer

    D-dimer is a fibrin degradation product that reflects the fibrinolysis process (the breakdown of fibrin network), which plays a crucial role in preventing blood clots from causing complications. D-dimer (mg/L) will be measured using immunoassay.

    Measured: Baseline

  31. Concentration of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA)

    t-PA is a protein that stimulates the breakdown of blood clots. It helps convert plasminogen into its active form, plasmin, the major enzyme responsible for the breakdown of blood clots. Concentration of t-PA (ng/ml) will be measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

    Measured: Baseline

  32. Concentration of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1)

    PAI-1 functions as the inhibitor of t-PA, which will stimulate the formation of blood clots. Concentration of PAI-1 (ng/ml) will be measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

    Measured: Baseline

  33. Levels of plasminogen

    Plasminogen is the inactive form of plasmin, the major enzyme that breaks down blood clots. Levels of plasminogen (%) will be measured using chromogenic assay.

    Measured: Baseline

  34. Levels of coagulation factor XIII (FXIII)

    FXIII plays a key role in stabilizing the blood clots. Levels of FXIII will be measured using immunoassay.

    Measured: Baseline

  35. Levels of plasmin inhibitor (PI)

    PI is the major inhibitor of plasmin. Levels of PI (%) will be measured using chromogenic assay.

    Measured: Baseline

  36. Levels of thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI)

    TAFI is an enzyme that is activated by thrombin, which downregulates fibrinolysis, stimulating blood clot formation. Levels TAFI will be measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

    Measured: Baseline

  37. ADAMTS13 Antigen Concentration

    Plasma concentration of ADAMTS13 antigen (ng/mL) measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ADAMTS13 will only be measured in participants with elevated von Willebrand factor antigen concentrations.

    Measured: Baseline

  38. N-terminal Pro-B-type Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP) Concentration

    Plasma concentration of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in ng/L measured at baseline.

    Measured: Baseline

  39. Stroke

    Clinical stroke verified with imaging e.g. CT or MR.

    Measured: Up to 10 years.

  40. Transient Ischemic Attack

    Transient Ischemic Attack verified with imaging e.g. CT or MR

    Measured: Up to 10 years

  41. Systemic embolism

    Systemic embolism verified with imaging e.g. CT, MR or ultrasound

    Measured: Up to 10 years

  42. Hospitalizations

    All cause hospitalizations

    Measured: Up to 10 years

  43. Heart failure hospitalizations

    New onset or worsening of heart failure leading to hospitalization or urgent visit heart failure clinic

    Measured: Up to 10 years

  44. All-cause mortality

    All-cause mortality

    Measured: Up to 10 years

  45. Cardiovascular death

    Cardiovascular death

    Measured: Up to 10 years

  46. Progression to clinically diagnosed atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter

    Atrial fibrillation or flutter verified by a 12-lead ECG or ambulatory ECG monitoring

    Measured: Up to 10 years

  47. Progression to >24 hours device-detected atrial fibrillation

    Progression to >24 hours device-detected atrial fibrillation at a scheduled out-of hospital or acute cardiac device interrogation

    Measured: Up to 10 years.

  48. Initiation of oral anticoagulant therapy

    Initiation of oral anticoagulant therapy with minimum 3 months treatment duration.

    Measured: Up to 10 years

  49. Pulmonary embolism

    Pulmonary embolism verified with imaging e.g. CT or V/Q scan

    Measured: Up to 10 years

  50. Deep venous thrombosis

    Deep venous thrombosis verified with radiology e.g. ultrasound or CT

    Measured: Up to 10 years

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted20 Jul 2026
  2. Study start27 Feb 2026
  3. Primary completionFeb 2029 (estimated)
  4. Study completionSep 2037 (estimated)

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Observational
Observational model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrolment
222 participants (estimated)
Target duration
10 Years
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT07713615
Sponsor's protocol ID
116655
Acronym
DDAF-HEV
Status last verified
Oct 2026
First submitted
8 Jul 2026
Last updated
15 Oct 2026
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
No: Individual participant data will not be shared publicly due to privacy regulations and ethical restrictions. Aggregated data will be reported in publications.

Publications

  • Hijazi Z, Lindback J, Alexander JH, Hanna M, Held C, Hylek EM, Lopes RD, Oldgren J, Siegbahn A, Stewart RA, White HD, Granger CB, Wallentin L; ARISTOTLE and STABILITY Investigators. The ABC (age, biomarkers, clinical history) stroke risk score: a biomarker-based risk score for predicting stroke in atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J. 2016 May 21;37(20):1582-90. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw054. Epub 2016 Feb 25.

    PubMed 26920728
  • Thomas L, Hoy M, Byth K, Schiller NB. The left atrial function index: a rhythm independent marker of atrial function. Eur J Echocardiogr. 2008 May;9(3):356-62. doi: 10.1016/j.euje.2007.06.002. Epub 2007 Aug 7.

    PubMed 17689293
  • Glowicki B, Matusik PT, Plens K, Undas A. Prothrombotic State in Atrial Fibrillation Patients With One Additional Risk Factor of the CHA2DS2-VASc Score (Beyond Sex). Can J Cardiol. 2019 May;35(5):634-643. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.01.014. Epub 2019 Jan 30.

    PubMed 30955928
  • Kundrick J, Saba KI, Naniwadekar A, Singla V, Mulukutla S, Thoma F, Bhonsale A, Kancharla K, Voigt A, Shalaby AA, Estes Iii NAM, Jain S, Saba S. Diastolic Dysfunction and the Risk of Stroke and Major Bleeding. Stroke. 2024 Dec;55(12):2856-2862. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.124.048287. Epub 2024 Nov 11.

    PubMed 39523999
  • Suwa Y, Miyasaka Y, Taniguchi N, Harada S, Nakai E, Shiojima I. Atrial fibrillation and stroke: importance of left atrium as assessed by echocardiography. J Echocardiogr. 2022 Jun;20(2):69-76. doi: 10.1007/s12574-021-00561-6. Epub 2022 Jan 23.

    PubMed 35066798
  • Alonso A, Tang W, Agarwal SK, Soliman EZ, Chamberlain AM, Folsom AR. Hemostatic markers are associated with the risk and prognosis of atrial fibrillation: the ARIC study. Int J Cardiol. 2012 Mar 8;155(2):217-22. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2010.09.051. Epub 2010 Oct 20.

    PubMed 20965585
  • Wu N, Chen X, Cai T, Wu L, Xiang Y, Zhang M, Li Y, Song Z, Zhong L. Association of inflammatory and hemostatic markers with stroke and thromboembolic events in atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Can J Cardiol. 2015 Mar;31(3):278-86. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.12.002. Epub 2014 Dec 9.

    PubMed 25746020
  • Undas A. Altered fibrin clot properties and fibrinolysis in patients with atrial fibrillation: practical implications. Europace. 2020 Feb 1;22(2):185-194. doi: 10.1093/europace/euz271.

    PubMed 31625555
  • Becher N, Toennis T, Bertaglia E, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C, Brandes A, Cabanelas N, Calvert M, Camm AJ, Chlouverakis G, Dan GA, Dichtl W, Diener HC, Fierenz A, Goette A, de Groot JR, Hermans ANL, Lip GYH, Lubinski A, Marijon E, Merkely B, Mont L, Ozga AK, Rajappan K, Sarkozy A, Scherr D, Schnabel RB, Schotten U, Sehner S, Simantirakis E, Vardas P, Velchev V, Wichterle D, Zapf A, Kirchhof P. Anticoagulation with edoxaban in patients with long atrial high-rate episodes >/=24 h. Eur Heart J. 2024 Mar 7;45(10):837-849. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad771.

    PubMed 37956458
  • McIntyre WF, Benz AP, Healey JS, Connolly SJ, Yang M, Lee SF, Field TS, Alings M, Benezet-Mazuecos J, Boriani G, Nielsen JC, Gold MR, Pergolini F, Glotzer TV, Granger CB, Lopes RD. Risk of Stroke or Systemic Embolism According to Baseline Frequency and Duration of Subclinical Atrial Fibrillation: Insights From the ARTESiA Trial. Circulation. 2024 Nov 26;150(22):1747-1755. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.124.069903. Epub 2024 Sep 4.

    PubMed 39229707
  • Van Gelder IC, Healey JS, Crijns HJGM, Wang J, Hohnloser SH, Gold MR, Capucci A, Lau CP, Morillo CA, Hobbelt AH, Rienstra M, Connolly SJ. Duration of device-detected subclinical atrial fibrillation and occurrence of stroke in ASSERT. Eur Heart J. 2017 May 1;38(17):1339-1344. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx042.

    PubMed 28329139
  • McIntyre WF, Benz AP, Becher N, Healey JS, Granger CB, Rivard L, Camm AJ, Goette A, Zapf A, Alings M, Connolly SJ, Kirchhof P, Lopes RD. Direct Oral Anticoagulants for Stroke Prevention in Patients With Device-Detected Atrial Fibrillation: A Study-Level Meta-Analysis of the NOAH-AFNET 6 and ARTESiA Trials. Circulation. 2024 Mar 26;149(13):981-988. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.067512. Epub 2023 Nov 12.

    PubMed 37952187
  • Schnabel RB, Benezet-Mazuecos J, Becher N, McIntyre WF, Fierenz A, Lee SF, Goette A, Atar D, Bertaglia E, Benz AP, Chlouverakis G, Birnie DH, Dichtl W, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C, Camm AJ, Erath JW, Simantirakis E, Kutyifa V, Lip GYH, Mabo P, Marijon E, Rivard L, Schotten U, Alings M, Sehner S, Toennis T, Linde C, Vardas P, Granger CB, Zapf A, Lopes RD, Healey JS, Kirchhof P. Anticoagulation in device-detected atrial fibrillation with or without vascular disease: a combined analysis of the NOAH-AFNET 6 and ARTESiA trials. Eur Heart J. 2024 Dec 7;45(46):4902-4916. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae596.

    PubMed 39222018
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