Young AdultsNCT07752901
High-Intensity Interval Resistance Training and Low-to-Moderate-Intensity Resistance Training in Upper Extremity Muscles
A study testing High-Intensity Interval Resistance Training (HIIRT) and Low-to-Moderate-Intensity Resistance Training (LMRT) in people with Young Adults, run by Hacettepe University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
High-intensity interval resistance training (HIIRT) has emerged as a time-efficient alternative to conventional resistance training; however, evidence regarding upper-extremity-focused HIIRT and its multidimensional effects remains limited. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 25 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Young Adults
- What is being tested?
- High-Intensity Interval Resistance Training (HIIRT) and Low-to-Moderate-Intensity Resistance Training (LMRT)
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 49 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 18 May 2026to 28 Jul 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 25 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Healthy young adults aged 18 to 25 years.
- Ability to understand the study procedures and provide written informed consent. Ability to participate safely in an upper-extremity resistance training program. Willingness to attend supervised exercise sessions twice weekly for 8 weeks.
- No participation in another clinical trial during the study period.
Who cannot join
- Presence of cardiovascular disease.
- Presence of neurological disease.
- Presence of psychiatric disorder.
- Presence of orthopedic disease or musculoskeletal condition limiting exercise participation.
- Presence of any systemic disease that may interfere with exercise training or study assessments.
- History of surgery affecting participation in the exercise program.
Show all 9Show fewer
- Cognitive or psychological conditions that could interfere with completion of the assessments.
- Inability or unwillingness to comply with the study protocol.
- Refusal to provide written informed consent.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Munzur University Faculty of Health Sciences
Tunceli
About this study
Official title: Comparison of the Effects of High-Intensity Interval Resistance Training and Low-to-Moderate-Intensity Resistance Training in Upper Extremity Muscles on Muscle Strength, Functional Capacity, Cognition, and Mental Health in Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
High-intensity interval resistance training (HIIRT) has emerged as a time-efficient alternative to conventional resistance training; however, evidence regarding upper-extremity-focused HIIRT and its multidimensional effects remains limited. This randomized controlled trial aims to compare the effects of upper-extremity HIIRT and low-to-moderate-intensity resistance training (LMRT) on muscle strength, functional capacity, cognition, mental health, and health-related quality of life in healthy young adults.
Forty-nine healthy young adults aged 18-25 years will be randomly allocated to one of three groups: HIIRT, LMRT, or a control group. Participants in the intervention groups will complete supervised upper-extremity resistance training sessions twice weekly for 8 weeks, while the control group will receive no structured exercise intervention.
Outcome measures will include isotonic upper-extremity muscle strength, the Six-Minute Walk Test, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 questionnaire, the Dispositional Flow Scale-2, and the Short Form-36 Health Survey. The study is designed to evaluate the effects of the two resistance training protocols on physical, cognitive, and psychological outcomes in healthy young adults.
Read the detailed description
Resistance training is widely recognized as an effective intervention for improving muscle strength, functional performance, and overall health. In recent years, high-intensity interval resistance training (HIIRT) has emerged as a time-efficient alternative to conventional resistance training because it combines high-load resistance exercises with brief recovery intervals. Although previous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of HIIRT for improving muscular performance, evidence regarding upper-extremity-focused HIIRT and its effects on cognitive function, mental health, and health-related quality of life remains limited.
The purpose of this randomized controlled trial is to compare the effects of an 8-week upper-extremity high-intensity interval resistance training (HIIRT) program with those of a conventional low-to-moderate-intensity resistance training (LMRT) program in healthy young adults.
A total of 49 healthy participants aged 18-25 years will be randomly allocated to one of three groups: (1) HIIRT, (2) LMRT, or (3) a control group. Randomization will be performed using age- and sex-stratified block randomization. Participants in both exercise groups will complete supervised training sessions twice weekly for eight consecutive weeks, whereas the control group will receive no structured exercise intervention and will be instructed to maintain their usual lifestyle.
The HIIRT protocol will consist of upper-extremity exercises performed at 80% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) using a cluster-set format with short recovery intervals. The LMRT protocol will include the same exercises performed at 30-70% of 1RM using conventional resistance training principles. Both interventions will include exercises targeting the biceps curl, lat pulldown, pec deck, machine shoulder press, and seated row.
Outcome assessments will be performed before and after the 8-week intervention. Primary outcomes include upper-extremity isotonic muscle strength and functional capacity assessed by the Six-Minute Walk Test. Secondary outcomes include cognitive function assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, anxiety assessed by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 questionnaire, flow state assessed by the Dispositional Flow Scale-2, and health-related quality of life assessed by the Short Form-36 Health Survey.
- Conditions
- Young Adults
- Being tested
- High-Intensity Interval Resistance Training (HIIRT), Low-to-Moderate-Intensity Resistance Training (LMRT)
- Keywords
- high intensity resistance training, resistance training, upper extremity, muscle strength, functional capacity, cognition
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
High-Intensity Interval Resistance Training (HIIRT)Other
Participants performed supervised upper-extremity high-intensity interval resistance training twice weekly for 8 weeks using a multi-station resistance machine. Exercises included biceps curl, lat pulldown, pec deck, machine shoulder press, and seated row. Training intensity was set at 80% of one-repetition maximum (1RM). The protocol consisted of two sets, each including one cluster of six repetitions followed by two clusters of 2-3 repetitions separated by 20-second rest intervals, with 2 minutes and 30 seconds of rest between sets. Each session included a 5-minute warm-up and a 5-minute cool-down.
Low-to-Moderate-Intensity Resistance Training (LMRT)Other
Participants performed supervised upper-extremity low-to-moderate-intensity resistance training twice weekly for 8 weeks using a multi-station resistance machine. Exercises included biceps curl, lat pulldown, pec deck, machine shoulder press, and seated row. Exercise intensity was prescribed at 30-70% of one-repetition maximum (1RM), with 2-3 sets of 8-12 repetitions and at least 1 minute of rest between sets. Each training session included a 5-minute warm-up and a 5-minute cool-down.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| High-Intensity Interval Resistance Training (HIIRT) | Experimental | Participants will perform supervised upper-extremity high-intensity interval resistance training twice weekly for 8 weeks. Exercises include biceps curl, lat pulldown, pec deck, machine shoulder press, and seated row using a multi-station resistance machine. Training will be performed at 80% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) using a cluster-set protocol consisting of two sets, each including one cluster of six repetitions followed by two clusters of 2-3 repetitions separated by 20-second rest intervals, with 2 minutes and 30 seconds of rest between sets. Each session includes a 5-minute warm-up and 5-minute cool-down. Receives: Other: High-Intensity Interval Resistance Training (HIIRT) |
| Low-to-Moderate-Intensity Resistance Training (LMRT) | Experimental | Participants will perform supervised upper-extremity low-to-moderate-intensity resistance training twice weekly for 8 weeks. Exercises include biceps curl, lat pulldown, pec deck, machine shoulder press, and seated row using a multi-station resistance machine. Training intensity will be 30-70% of one-repetition maximum (1RM), consisting of 2-3 sets of 8-12 repetitions with at least 1 minute of rest between sets. Each training session includes a 5-minute warm-up and 5-minute cool-down. Receives: Other: Low-to-Moderate-Intensity Resistance Training (LMRT) |
| Control | No intervention | Participants assigned to the control group will not receive a structured exercise program during the 8-week study period. They will be instructed to maintain their usual daily activities and will receive general recommendations regarding physical activity according to current guidelines (150-300 minutes of moderate-intensity or 75-150 minutes of vigorous-intensity physical activity per week, or an equivalent combination). Outcome assessments will be performed at baseline and after the 8-week follow-up period. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Upper Extremity Muscle Strength
Changes in isotonic upper-extremity muscle strength assessed using a multi-station resistance training machine. Strength will be measured for the biceps curl, lat pulldown, pec deck, machine shoulder press, and seated row exercises. The highest value from three trials for each exercise will be recorded.
Measured: Baseline and Week 8
Functional Capacity
Changes in functional capacity assessed using the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT). Walking distance (meters) completed during the test will be recorded.
Measured: Baseline and Week 8
Secondary outcomes (6)
Cognitive Function
Changes in cognitive performance assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Total scores range from 0 to 30, with higher scores indicating better cognitive function.
Measured: Baseline and Week 8
State Anxiety
Changes in state anxiety assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State (STAI-State). Scores range from 20 to 80, with higher scores indicating greater anxiety.
Measured: Baseline and Week 8
Trait Anxiety
Changes in trait anxiety assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait (STAI-Trait). Scores range from 20 to 80, with higher scores indicating greater anxiety.
Measured: Baseline and Week 8
Generalized Anxiety Symptoms
Changes in anxiety symptoms assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). Total scores range from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating more severe anxiety symptoms.
Measured: Baseline and Week 8
Flow State
Changes in dispositional flow assessed using the Dispositional Flow Scale-2 (DFS-2). The Dispositional Flow Scale-2 consists of 36 items, with total scores ranging from 36 to 180. Higher scores indicate a greater tendency to experience flow during activities (better outcome), whereas lower scores indicate a lower tendency to experience flow (worse outcome).
Measured: Baseline and Week 8
Health-Related Quality of Life
Changes in health-related quality of life assessed using the Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36). The SF-36 consists of eight domains, each scored from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better health-related quality of life (better outcome) and lower scores indicating poorer health-related quality of life (worse outcome).
Measured: Baseline and Week 8
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted7 Aug 2026
- Study start18 May 2026
- Primary completion21 Jul 2026
- Study completion28 Jul 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Young AdultsStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Hacettepe UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 49 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Hacettepe University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Ceyhun Topcuoglu, Munzur University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07752901
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2026/7-15
- Status last verified
- Aug 2026
- First submitted
- 2 Aug 2026
- Last updated
- 7 Aug 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Moro T, Tinsley G, Bianco A, Gottardi A, Gottardi GB, Faggian D, Plebani M, Marcolin G, Paoli A. High intensity interval resistance training (HIIRT) in older adults: Effects on body composition, strength, anabolic hormones and blood lipids. Exp Gerontol. 2017 Nov;98:91-98. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.08.015. Epub 2017 Aug 15. No abstract available.
PubMed 28821429
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 7 Aug 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Comparison of the Effects of High-Intensity Interval Resistance Training and Low-to-Moderate-Intensity Resistance Training in Upper Extremity Muscles on Muscle Strength, Functional Capacity, Cognition, and Mental Health in Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07752901
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2026/7-15
- Conditions
- Young Adults
- Keywords
- high intensity resistance training, resistance training, upper extremity, muscle strength, functional capacity, cognition
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 49 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Hacettepe UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 18 May 2026 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 21 Jul 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 28 Jul 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 7 Aug 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
High-intensity interval resistance training (HIIRT) has emerged as a time-efficient alternative to conventional resistance training; however, evidence regarding upper-extremity-focused HIIRT and its multidimensional effects remains limited. This randomized controlled trial aims to compare the effects of upper-extremity HIIRT and low-to-moderate-intensity resistance training (LMRT) on muscle strength, functional capacity, cognition, mental health, and health-related quality of life in healthy young adults.
Forty-nine healthy young adults aged 18-25 years will be randomly allocated to one of three groups: HIIRT, LMRT, or a control group. Participants in the intervention groups will complete supervised upper-extremity resistance training sessions twice weekly for 8 weeks, while the control group will receive no structured exercise intervention.
Outcome measures will include isotonic upper-extremity muscle strength, the Six-Minute Walk Test, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 questionnaire, the Dispositional Flow Scale-2, and the Short Form-36 Health Survey. The study is designed to evaluate the effects of the two resistance training protocols on physical, cognitive, and psychological outcomes in healthy young adults.
Detailed description
Resistance training is widely recognized as an effective intervention for improving muscle strength, functional performance, and overall health. In recent years, high-intensity interval resistance training (HIIRT) has emerged as a time-efficient alternative to conventional resistance training because it combines high-load resistance exercises with brief recovery intervals. Although previous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of HIIRT for improving muscular performance, evidence regarding upper-extremity-focused HIIRT and its effects on cognitive function, mental health, and health-related quality of life remains limited.
The purpose of this randomized controlled trial is to compare the effects of an 8-week upper-extremity high-intensity interval resistance training (HIIRT) program with those of a conventional low-to-moderate-intensity resistance training (LMRT) program in healthy young adults.
A total of 49 healthy participants aged 18-25 years will be randomly allocated to one of three groups: (1) HIIRT, (2) LMRT, or (3) a control group. Randomization will be performed using age- and sex-stratified block randomization. Participants in both exercise groups will complete supervised training sessions twice weekly for eight consecutive weeks, whereas the control group will receive no structured exercise intervention and will be instructed to maintain their usual lifestyle.
The HIIRT protocol will consist of upper-extremity exercises performed at 80% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) using a cluster-set format with short recovery intervals. The LMRT protocol will include the same exercises performed at 30-70% of 1RM using conventional resistance training principles. Both interventions will include exercises targeting the biceps curl, lat pulldown, pec deck, machine shoulder press, and seated row.
Outcome assessments will be performed before and after the 8-week intervention. Primary outcomes include upper-extremity isotonic muscle strength and functional capacity assessed by the Six-Minute Walk Test. Secondary outcomes include cognitive function assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, anxiety assessed by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 questionnaire, flow state assessed by the Dispositional Flow Scale-2, and health-related quality of life assessed by the Short Form-36 Health Survey.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| High-Intensity Interval Resistance Training (HIIRT) | Experimental | Other: High-Intensity Interval Resistance Training (HIIRT)Participants will perform supervised upper-extremity high-intensity interval resistance training twice weekly for 8 weeks. Exercises include biceps curl, lat pulldown, pec deck, machine shoulder press, and seated row using a multi-station resistance machine. Training will be performed at 80% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) using a cluster-set protocol consisting of two sets, each including one cluster of six repetitions followed by two clusters of 2-3 repetitions separated by 20-second rest intervals, with 2 minutes and 30 seconds of rest between sets. Each session includes a 5-minute warm-up and 5-minute cool-down. |
| Low-to-Moderate-Intensity Resistance Training (LMRT) | Experimental | Other: Low-to-Moderate-Intensity Resistance Training (LMRT)Participants will perform supervised upper-extremity low-to-moderate-intensity resistance training twice weekly for 8 weeks. Exercises include biceps curl, lat pulldown, pec deck, machine shoulder press, and seated row using a multi-station resistance machine. Training intensity will be 30-70% of one-repetition maximum (1RM), consisting of 2-3 sets of 8-12 repetitions with at least 1 minute of rest between sets. Each training session includes a 5-minute warm-up and 5-minute cool-down. |
| Control | No intervention | –Participants assigned to the control group will not receive a structured exercise program during the 8-week study period. They will be instructed to maintain their usual daily activities and will receive general recommendations regarding physical activity according to current guidelines (150-300 minutes of moderate-intensity or 75-150 minutes of vigorous-intensity physical activity per week, or an equivalent combination). Outcome assessments will be performed at baseline and after the 8-week follow-up period. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 25 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Healthy young adults aged 18 to 25 years.
- Ability to understand the study procedures and provide written informed consent. Ability to participate safely in an upper-extremity resistance training program. Willingness to attend supervised exercise sessions twice weekly for 8 weeks.
- No participation in another clinical trial during the study period.
Key exclusion criteria (9 listed)
- Presence of cardiovascular disease.
- Presence of neurological disease.
- Presence of psychiatric disorder.
- Presence of orthopedic disease or musculoskeletal condition limiting exercise participation.
- Presence of any systemic disease that may interfere with exercise training or study assessments.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| High-Intensity Interval Resistance Training (HIIRT)Participants performed supervised upper-extremity high-intensity interval resistance training twice weekly for 8 weeks using a multi-station resistance machine. Exercises included biceps curl, lat pulldown, pec deck, machine shoulder press, and seated row. Training intensity was set at 80% of one-repetition maximum (1RM). The protocol consisted of two sets, each including one cluster of six repetitions followed by two clusters of 2-3 repetitions separated by 20-second rest intervals, with 2 minutes and 30 seconds of rest between sets. Each session included a 5-minute warm-up and a 5-minute cool-down. | Other | High-Intensity Interval Resistance Training (HIIRT) |
| Low-to-Moderate-Intensity Resistance Training (LMRT)Participants performed supervised upper-extremity low-to-moderate-intensity resistance training twice weekly for 8 weeks using a multi-station resistance machine. Exercises included biceps curl, lat pulldown, pec deck, machine shoulder press, and seated row. Exercise intensity was prescribed at 30-70% of one-repetition maximum (1RM), with 2-3 sets of 8-12 repetitions and at least 1 minute of rest between sets. Each training session included a 5-minute warm-up and a 5-minute cool-down. | Other | Low-to-Moderate-Intensity Resistance Training (LMRT) |
Primary outcome
Upper Extremity Muscle Strength
Time frame: Baseline and Week 8
Changes in isotonic upper-extremity muscle strength assessed using a multi-station resistance training machine. Strength will be measured for the biceps curl, lat pulldown, pec deck, machine shoulder press, and seated row exercises. The highest value from three trials for each exercise will be recorded.
Functional Capacity
Time frame: Baseline and Week 8
Changes in functional capacity assessed using the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT). Walking distance (meters) completed during the test will be recorded.
6 secondary outcomes
Cognitive Function
Time frame: Baseline and Week 8
State Anxiety
Time frame: Baseline and Week 8
Trait Anxiety
Time frame: Baseline and Week 8
Generalized Anxiety Symptoms
Time frame: Baseline and Week 8
Flow State
Time frame: Baseline and Week 8
Health-Related Quality of Life
Time frame: Baseline and Week 8
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 7 Aug 2026.
- Background: PubMed 28821429Moro T, Tinsley G, Bianco A, Gottardi A, Gottardi GB, Faggian D, Plebani M, Marcolin G, Paoli A. High intensity interval resistance training (HIIRT) in older adults: Effects on body composition, strength, anabolic hormones and blood lipids. Exp Gerontol. 2017 Nov;98:91-98. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.08.015. Epub 2017 Aug 15. No abstract available.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing High-Intensity Interval Resistance Training (HIIRT) and Low-to-Moderate-Intensity Resistance Training (LMRT) in people with Young Adults, run by Hacettepe University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 9 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 7 Aug 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Upper Extremity Muscle Strength (time frame: Baseline and Week 8). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07752901, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 7 Aug 2026.