Nurse RetentionBTTSNCT07754903
Basic Trauma Training Programme for Newly Graduated Nurses in Saudi Trauma Centres
A study testing Basic Trauma Training (BTT) Programme and Standard Institutional Orientation in people with Nurse Retention and Burnout, Professional, run by Lincoln University College at 1 site in Saudi Arabia.
Trial summary
New nurses often find it difficult to adjust when they start working in fast-paced, high-pressure trauma units, and many leave their jobs within the first two years. This study looks at whether a two-day training programme, called Basic Trauma Training (BTT), helps newly graduated nurses in Saudi trauma hospitals feel… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 21 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Nurse Retention, Burnout, Professional, Job Satisfaction
- What is being tested?
- Basic Trauma Training (BTT) Programme and Standard Institutional Orientation
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 128 participants
- Where
- 1 siteSaudi Arabia
- Study dates
- 1 Sep 2026to 31 Jan 2027
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 21 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Saudi Commission for Health Specialties (SCFHS) licensure
- Less than 12 months of post-licensure clinical experience at baseline
- Current direct patient-facing employment in a trauma-related intensive care unit at King Saud Medical City or Northern Medical Tower
- Willing and able to provide written informed consent
Who cannot join
- More than 12 months of post-licensure clinical experience
- Employment outside trauma-related ICU settings
- Agency or temporary staffing status
- Extended leave during the intervention or data-collection period
- Prior formal trauma-specific training (ATCN, TNCC) before enrolment
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Saudi Arabia1 site
King Saud Medical City
Riyadh, Ulaishah / Shumaisi, 12746
Official Contact, 0114670000, ksu@edu.sa
Back Up Contact, +966 58 218 1818, info@ksmc.med.sa
About this study
Official title: Evaluating the Basic Trauma Training (BTT) Programme on Workforce Sustainability Among Newly Graduated Nurses in Saudi Level One Trauma Centres: Protocol for a Two-Site, Non-Equivalent Comparison-Group Quasi-Experimental Study
New nurses often find it difficult to adjust when they start working in fast-paced, high-pressure trauma units, and many leave their jobs within the first two years. This study looks at whether a two-day training programme, called Basic Trauma Training (BTT), helps newly graduated nurses in Saudi trauma hospitals feel more confident, satisfied and engaged in their work, and more likely to stay in the nursing profession.
The study takes place at two trauma hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Because it is not practical to randomly assign nurses to groups in this real-world hospital setting, the study compares an earlier group of new nurses, who receive standard hospital orientation only, with a later group, who receive standard orientation plus the two-day BTT training. Both groups complete questionnaires before and after their orientation or training period, answering questions about job satisfaction, engagement, stress and their plans to stay in the role. The study also looks at actual staff retention using hospital employment records at 6 and 12 months. Nurses in the comparison group are offered the BTT training later, once their part of the study is complete, so that everyone has the chance to take part in the training.
Read the detailed description
This is a two-site, non-equivalent comparison-group quasi-experimental study using a pre-test/post-test design. Allocation is non-random and determined by intake cohort within each participating site: an earlier intake of eligible newly graduated nurses forms the comparator group, and a subsequent intake forms the intervention group, so that study arm is not confounded with site.
The intervention, Basic Trauma Training (BTT), is a structured two-day (14 contact-hour) educational programme developed in alignment with Saudi Commission for Health Specialties (SCFHS) Specialised Professional Programme accreditation standards. It comprises five modules: trauma systems and primary survey principles; advanced trauma assessment and clinical reasoning; critical trauma interventions and patient safety; interprofessional communication and team leadership; and psychological preparedness, peer support and self-care. Delivery combines didactic teaching, high-fidelity simulation using the PEARLS debriefing framework, and facilitated reflective discussion. The comparator condition is standard institutional orientation (approximately five days of general clinical induction without trauma-specific structured training). Comparator-arm participants are offered BTT, with the same continuing professional development credit, after their follow-up assessment (waitlist design).
Individual-level randomisation was not adopted due to contamination risk between nurses working on the same unit, and because staffing and rostering decisions are governed by institutional service demand rather than research allocation. Contamination is managed through scheduling separation, controlled distribution of training materials, and a two-item contamination check at follow-up.
The primary outcome is workforce sustainability, a formative composite index of four equally weighted, standardised components: job satisfaction (MOAQ-JSS), work engagement (UWES-9), personal burnout (CBI-PB, reverse scored), and retention intention. The primary analysis is a linear mixed-effects model with a time-by-arm interaction term, adjusting for site, prior trauma exposure, months since graduation, and delivery block. Secondary outcomes include the four composite components analysed individually, role transition stress (Rizzo Role Ambiguity and Role Conflict scales), trauma-care self-efficacy, general self-efficacy (GSE-10), and actual workforce retention from institutional HR records at 6 and 12 months. An exploratory mediation analysis examines whether role transition stress and self-efficacy mediate the effect of BTT on workforce sustainability.
The study is reported in accordance with the SPIRIT 2025 statement for trial protocols and the TREND statement for non-randomised intervention evaluations, with intervention reporting following the TIDieR checklist.
- Conditions
- Nurse Retention, Burnout, Professional, Job Satisfaction, Transition to Practice, Professional
- Being tested
- Basic Trauma Training (BTT) Programme, Standard Institutional Orientation
- Keywords
- newly graduated nurses, trauma nursing, workforce sustainability, transition shock, job demands-resources model, Saudi Arabia, quasi-experimental
- Medical subject headings
- Burnout, Professional
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Basic Trauma Training (BTT) ProgrammeBehavioural
A structured two-day, 14-contact-hour educational programme comprising five modules: trauma systems and primary survey principles; advanced trauma assessment and clinical reasoning; critical trauma interventions and patient safety; interprofessional communication and team leadership; and psychological preparedness, peer support and self-care. Delivered via didactic teaching, high-fidelity simulation using the PEARLS debriefing framework, and facilitated reflective discussion.
Standard Institutional OrientationOther
Standard existing onboarding programme for newly employed nursing staff, comprising approximately five days of general clinical induction without trauma-specific structured training. Content and duration are documented at baseline to characterise the comparator condition precisely.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Intervention (BTT) | Experimental | Participants receive the Basic Trauma Training (BTT) programme, a two-day (14 contact-hour) simulation-based educational intervention, in addition to standard institutional orientation Receives: Behavioral: Basic Trauma Training (BTT) Programme |
| Comparator (Standard Orientation) | Experimental | Participants receive standard institutional orientation only (approximately five days of general clinical induction, without trauma-specific structured training). BTT is offered to this group after their follow-up (T1) assessment. Receives: Other: Standard Institutional Orientation |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Workforce Sustainability (Composite Index)
A formative composite index of four equally weighted, standardised (z-score) components: job satisfaction (Michigan Organizational Assessment Questionnaire Job Satisfaction Subscale, MOAQ-JSS, 3 items, 7-point Likert), work engagement (Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, UWES-9, 0-6 frequency scale), personal burnout (Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, CBI-PB, 6 items, 0-100 scale, reverse scored), and retention intention (validated instrument, to be finalised). Each component is standardised using the pooled baseline mean and SD across both arms at T0, and the four standardised components are averaged.
Measured: Baseline (T0) and 4-6 weeks post-intervention/orientation (T1)
Secondary outcomes (1)
Job Satisfaction
Measured using the Michigan Organizational Assessment Questionnaire Job Satisfaction Subscale (MOAQ-JSS, 3 items, 7-point Likert scale)
Measured: Baseline (T0) and 4-6 weeks post-intervention/orientation (T1)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted10 Aug 2026
- Study start1 Sep 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion1 Jan 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion31 Jan 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (4)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Nurse RetentionStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Health services research
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Two-site, non-equivalent comparison-group quasi-experimental design. Allocation is by successive intake cohort within each site rather than by randomisation, so that study arm is not confounded with site; both participating sites contribute nurses to both the comparator and intervention arms.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 128 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Lincoln University College
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- King Saud Medical City, Lincoln University College Malaysia
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, ALANAZI ABDULAZIZ SULTAN L, Lincoln University College
- Investigators
- Abdulaziz L Alanazi, Principal investigator, Lincoln University CollegeFaridah M Said, Study director, Lincoln University College
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07754903
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- BTT-KSMC-NMT-2026
- Other IDs
- N1C-IRB-26-04-21
- Acronym
- BTTS
- Status last verified
- Aug 2026
- First submitted
- 5 Aug 2026
- Last updated
- 11 Aug 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Individual participant data (IPD) will not be shared with other researchers. The study involves sensitive health information collected from psychiatric nurses and patients in Saudi Arabia, and the informed consent process does not include permission for public sharing of de-identified participant-level data. To protect participant confidentiality and comply with institutional ethical requirements, applicable Saudi data protection regulations, and the approvals granted by the relevant Institutional Review Boards (IRBs), only aggregated study results will be published. Researchers interested in additional information may contact the Principal Investigator to discuss the availability of study materials, including the study protocol, statistical analysis plan, and data collection instruments, where appropriate.
Publications
Aggar C, Bloomfield J, Thomas TH, Gordon CJ. Australia's first transition to professional practice in primary care program for graduate registered nurses: a pilot study. BMC Nurs. 2017 Mar 23;16:14. doi: 10.1186/s12912-017-0207-5. eCollection 2017.
PubMed 28344514Lyu XC, Huang SS, Ye XM, Zhang LY, Zhang P, Wang YJ. What influences newly graduated registered nurses' intention to leave the nursing profession? An integrative review. BMC Nurs. 2024 Jan 19;23(1):57. doi: 10.1186/s12912-023-01685-z.
PubMed 38243209Rush KL, Janke R, Duchscher JE, Phillips R, Kaur S. Best practices of formal new graduate transition programs: An integrative review. Int J Nurs Stud. 2019 Jun;94:139-158. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.02.010. Epub 2019 Feb 26.
PubMed 30965203Duchscher JE. Transition shock: the initial stage of role adaptation for newly graduated registered nurses. J Adv Nurs. 2009 May;65(5):1103-13. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2008.04898.x. Epub 2009 Dec 9.
PubMed 19183235
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 11 Aug 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Evaluating the Basic Trauma Training (BTT) Programme on Workforce Sustainability Among Newly Graduated Nurses in Saudi Level One Trauma Centres: Protocol for a Two-Site, Non-Equivalent Comparison-Group Quasi-Experimental Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07754903
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- BTTS / BTT-KSMC-NMT-2026
- Conditions
- Nurse Retention, Burnout, Professional, Job Satisfaction, Transition to Practice, Professional
- Keywords
- newly graduated nurses, trauma nursing, workforce sustainability, transition shock, job demands-resources model, Saudi Arabia, quasi-experimental
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Not yet recruiting
- Enrolment
- 128 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Lincoln University CollegeUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- King Saud Medical City, Lincoln University College Malaysia
- Study start
- 1 Sep 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 1 Jan 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 31 Jan 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 10 Aug 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
New nurses often find it difficult to adjust when they start working in fast-paced, high-pressure trauma units, and many leave their jobs within the first two years. This study looks at whether a two-day training programme, called Basic Trauma Training (BTT), helps newly graduated nurses in Saudi trauma hospitals feel more confident, satisfied and engaged in their work, and more likely to stay in the nursing profession.
The study takes place at two trauma hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Because it is not practical to randomly assign nurses to groups in this real-world hospital setting, the study compares an earlier group of new nurses, who receive standard hospital orientation only, with a later group, who receive standard orientation plus the two-day BTT training. Both groups complete questionnaires before and after their orientation or training period, answering questions about job satisfaction, engagement, stress and their plans to stay in the role. The study also looks at actual staff retention using hospital employment records at 6 and 12 months. Nurses in the comparison group are offered the BTT training later, once their part of the study is complete, so that everyone has the chance to take part in the training.
Detailed description
This is a two-site, non-equivalent comparison-group quasi-experimental study using a pre-test/post-test design. Allocation is non-random and determined by intake cohort within each participating site: an earlier intake of eligible newly graduated nurses forms the comparator group, and a subsequent intake forms the intervention group, so that study arm is not confounded with site.
The intervention, Basic Trauma Training (BTT), is a structured two-day (14 contact-hour) educational programme developed in alignment with Saudi Commission for Health Specialties (SCFHS) Specialised Professional Programme accreditation standards. It comprises five modules: trauma systems and primary survey principles; advanced trauma assessment and clinical reasoning; critical trauma interventions and patient safety; interprofessional communication and team leadership; and psychological preparedness, peer support and self-care. Delivery combines didactic teaching, high-fidelity simulation using the PEARLS debriefing framework, and facilitated reflective discussion. The comparator condition is standard institutional orientation (approximately five days of general clinical induction without trauma-specific structured training). Comparator-arm participants are offered BTT, with the same continuing professional development credit, after their follow-up assessment (waitlist design).
Individual-level randomisation was not adopted due to contamination risk between nurses working on the same unit, and because staffing and rostering decisions are governed by institutional service demand rather than research allocation. Contamination is managed through scheduling separation, controlled distribution of training materials, and a two-item contamination check at follow-up.
The primary outcome is workforce sustainability, a formative composite index of four equally weighted, standardised components: job satisfaction (MOAQ-JSS), work engagement (UWES-9), personal burnout (CBI-PB, reverse scored), and retention intention. The primary analysis is a linear mixed-effects model with a time-by-arm interaction term, adjusting for site, prior trauma exposure, months since graduation, and delivery block. Secondary outcomes include the four composite components analysed individually, role transition stress (Rizzo Role Ambiguity and Role Conflict scales), trauma-care self-efficacy, general self-efficacy (GSE-10), and actual workforce retention from institutional HR records at 6 and 12 months. An exploratory mediation analysis examines whether role transition stress and self-efficacy mediate the effect of BTT on workforce sustainability.
The study is reported in accordance with the SPIRIT 2025 statement for trial protocols and the TREND statement for non-randomised intervention evaluations, with intervention reporting following the TIDieR checklist.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Health services research
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Two-site, non-equivalent comparison-group quasi-experimental design. Allocation is by successive intake cohort within each site rather than by randomisation, so that study arm is not confounded with site; both participating sites contribute nurses to both the comparator and intervention arms.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Intervention (BTT) | Experimental | Behavioral: Basic Trauma Training (BTT) ProgrammeParticipants receive the Basic Trauma Training (BTT) programme, a two-day (14 contact-hour) simulation-based educational intervention, in addition to standard institutional orientation |
| Comparator (Standard Orientation) | Experimental | Other: Standard Institutional OrientationParticipants receive standard institutional orientation only (approximately five days of general clinical induction, without trauma-specific structured training). BTT is offered to this group after their follow-up (T1) assessment. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 21 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Saudi Commission for Health Specialties (SCFHS) licensure
- Less than 12 months of post-licensure clinical experience at baseline
- Current direct patient-facing employment in a trauma-related intensive care unit at King Saud Medical City or Northern Medical Tower
- Willing and able to provide written informed consent
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- More than 12 months of post-licensure clinical experience
- Employment outside trauma-related ICU settings
- Agency or temporary staffing status
- Extended leave during the intervention or data-collection period
- Prior formal trauma-specific training (ATCN, TNCC) before enrolment
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Basic Trauma Training (BTT) ProgrammeA structured two-day, 14-contact-hour educational programme comprising five modules: trauma systems and primary survey principles; advanced trauma assessment and clinical reasoning; critical trauma interventions and patient safety; interprofessional communication and team leadership; and psychological preparedness, peer support and self-care. Delivered via didactic teaching, high-fidelity simulation using the PEARLS debriefing framework, and facilitated reflective discussion. | Behavioural | Intervention (BTT) |
| Standard Institutional OrientationStandard existing onboarding programme for newly employed nursing staff, comprising approximately five days of general clinical induction without trauma-specific structured training. Content and duration are documented at baseline to characterise the comparator condition precisely. | Other | Comparator (Standard Orientation) |
Primary outcome
Workforce Sustainability (Composite Index)
Time frame: Baseline (T0) and 4-6 weeks post-intervention/orientation (T1)
A formative composite index of four equally weighted, standardised (z-score) components: job satisfaction (Michigan Organizational Assessment Questionnaire Job Satisfaction Subscale, MOAQ-JSS, 3 items, 7-point Likert), work engagement (Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, UWES-9, 0-6 frequency scale), personal burnout (Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, CBI-PB, 6 items, 0-100 scale, reverse scored), and retention intention (validated instrument, to be finalised). Each component is standardised using the pooled baseline mean and SD across both arms at T0, and the four standardised components are averaged.
1 secondary outcome
Job Satisfaction
Time frame: Baseline (T0) and 4-6 weeks post-intervention/orientation (T1)
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 11 Aug 2026.
- Background: PubMed 28344514Aggar C, Bloomfield J, Thomas TH, Gordon CJ. Australia's first transition to professional practice in primary care program for graduate registered nurses: a pilot study. BMC Nurs. 2017 Mar 23;16:14. doi: 10.1186/s12912-017-0207-5. eCollection 2017.
- Background: PubMed 38243209Lyu XC, Huang SS, Ye XM, Zhang LY, Zhang P, Wang YJ. What influences newly graduated registered nurses' intention to leave the nursing profession? An integrative review. BMC Nurs. 2024 Jan 19;23(1):57. doi: 10.1186/s12912-023-01685-z.
- Background: PubMed 30965203Rush KL, Janke R, Duchscher JE, Phillips R, Kaur S. Best practices of formal new graduate transition programs: An integrative review. Int J Nurs Stud. 2019 Jun;94:139-158. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.02.010. Epub 2019 Feb 26.
- Background: PubMed 19183235Duchscher JE. Transition shock: the initial stage of role adaptation for newly graduated registered nurses. J Adv Nurs. 2009 May;65(5):1103-13. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2008.04898.x. Epub 2009 Dec 9.
- World Health Organization (WHO) guidance on Basic Emergency Care, providing foundational principles for the assessment and management of acutely ill and injured patients and supporting trauma training for frontline healthcare professionals.Link provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Individual participant data (IPD) will not be shared with other researchers. The study involves sensitive health information collected from psychiatric nurses and patients in Saudi Arabia, and the informed consent process does not include permission for public sharing of de-identified participant-level data. To protect participant confidentiality and comply with institutional ethical requirements, applicable Saudi data protection regulations, and the approvals granted by the relevant Institutional Review Boards (IRBs), only aggregated study results will be published. Researchers interested in additional information may contact the Principal Investigator to discuss the availability of study materials, including the study protocol, statistical analysis plan, and data collection instruments, where appropriate.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Abdulaziz L Alanazi principal investigator
Lincoln University College
Faridah M Said study director
Lincoln University College
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Basic Trauma Training (BTT) Programme and Standard Institutional Orientation in people with Nurse Retention and Burnout, Professional, run by Lincoln University College at 1 site in Saudi Arabia.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: opening soon, as of the sponsor's last update on 11 Aug 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Saudi Arabia. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Abdulaziz Sultan L. Alanazi (+966 53 113 0431, sultan.phdscholar@lincoln.edu.my), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Workforce Sustainability (Composite Index) (time frame: Baseline (T0) and 4-6 weeks post-intervention/orientation (T1)). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07754903, which also lists 4 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 11 Aug 2026.