Tobacco UseNCT07758998
The Effect of Motivational Interviewing on Smoking Behavior Among Nursing Students
A study testing Transtheoretical Model-Based Motivational Interviewing in people with Tobacco Use and Smoking Cessation, run by Meral Feratoğlu Research at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Smoking is one of the leading preventable public health problems worldwide, particularly among young adults who are at increased risk of nicotine dependence. Nursing students represent an important target population because, as future health professionals, they are expected to play a significant role in tobacco… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Tobacco Use, Smoking Cessation
- What is being tested?
- Transtheoretical Model-Based Motivational Interviewing
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 87 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- Aug 2026to Dec 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Nursing students currently enrolled in the study setting.
- Aged 18 years or older.
- Current cigarette smokers.
- No self-reported health condition that would prevent participation in the intervention.
- Willing and able to provide informed consent and participate in the study.
Who cannot join
- Inability to complete all planned stages of the study.
- Withdrawal of consent or voluntary discontinuation from the study at any time.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Kırklareli University Faculty of Health Sciences
Kırklareli, Kırklareli, 39100
Sevim Meral Feratoğlu, MSc, +905346674614, sevimmeralf@outlook.com
About this study
Official title: The Effect of Motivational Interviewing on Changing Smoking Behavior Among Nursing Students
Smoking is one of the leading preventable public health problems worldwide, particularly among young adults who are at increased risk of nicotine dependence. Nursing students represent an important target population because, as future health professionals, they are expected to play a significant role in tobacco control and smoking cessation counseling. The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) is one of the most widely used theoretical frameworks for promoting health behavior change. The aim of this study will be to determine the effect of Transtheoretical Model-based motivational interviewing on changing smoking behavior among nursing students.
This study will be planned as a single-group, quasi-experimental pretest-posttest intervention. Nursing students who smoke cigarettes and voluntarily agree to participate will be included in the study. At baseline, participants will complete a Demographic Information Form, the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, the Stages of Change questionnaire, the Self-Efficacy/Temptation Scale, the Processes of Change Scale, and the Decisional Balance Scale.
Participants will receive Transtheoretical Model-based educational sessions and motivational interviewing interventions focusing on the health effects of smoking, reasons for smoking, the benefits of smoking cessation, identification of social support resources, relapse prevention strategies, and successful smoking cessation experiences. The Stages of Change questionnaire will be administered before each motivational interviewing session, and all outcome measures will be reassessed during follow-up evaluations. The study is expected to provide evidence regarding the effectiveness of Transtheoretical Model-based motivational interviewing in reducing smoking behavior, decreasing nicotine dependence, promoting progression through the stages of change, improving self-efficacy, enhancing the use of behavioral change processes, and supporting smoking cessation among nursing students.
- Conditions
- Tobacco Use, Smoking Cessation
- Being tested
- Transtheoretical Model-Based Motivational Interviewing
- Keywords
- motivational interviewing, Transtheoretical Model, Nursing Students, Smoking Cessation, Tobacco Use, Smoking Behavior
- Medical subject headings
- Tobacco Use, Smoking Cessation, Smoking
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Transtheoretical Model-Based Motivational InterviewingBehavioural
Participants will receive a Transtheoretical Model-based motivational interviewing intervention to promote smoking behavior change and smoking cessation. Face-to-face motivational interviewing sessions will be conducted by a researcher trained in motivational interviewing. According to the intervention protocol, participants may receive between two and six sessions depending on their readiness to change, individual needs, and continued participation throughout the study. The intervention will include counseling and education on smoking-related health risks, smoking cessation, motivation enhancement, self-efficacy, behavior change strategies, social support, and relapse prevention. Participants' stage of change will be assessed before each session, and the intervention will be tailored accordingly. Outcomes will be evaluated using validated instruments measuring smoking behavior, nicotine dependence, stages of change, self-efficacy, and behavior change processes.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Motivational Interviewing | Experimental | Participants will receive a Transtheoretical Model-based motivational interviewing intervention designed to promote smoking behavior change and smoking cessation. The intervention will consist of structured face-to-face motivational interviewing sessions delivered in groups, supported by educational content on the health effects of smoking, benefits of smoking cessation, behavior change strategies, social support, relapse prevention, and self-efficacy enhancement. Outcomes will be evaluated using validated questionnaires administered at baseline and follow-up assessments. Receives: Behavioral: Transtheoretical Model-Based Motivational Interviewing |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in Smoking Behavior
The primary outcome is the change in smoking behavior following the Transtheoretical Model-based motivational interviewing intervention. Smoking behavior will be evaluated by the average number of cigarettes smoked per day and smoking cessation status.
Measured: Baseline, Mid-intervention Assessment (1 month), Post-intervention Assessment (2 months)
Secondary outcomes (4)
Change in Nicotine Dependence
Nicotine dependence will be assessed using the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). The total score ranges from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating a higher level of nicotine dependence.
Measured: Baseline, Mid-intervention Assessment (1 month later), Post-intervention Assessment (2 months later)
Change in Processes of Change
Behavioral change processes will be assessed using the Processes of Change Scale. The total score ranges from 22 to 110, with higher scores indicating greater use of behavioral change processes related to smoking cessation.
Measured: Baseline, Mid-intervention Assessment( 1 month later), Post-intervention Assessment (2 months later)
Change in Self-Efficacy/Temptation for Smoking Cessation
Self-efficacy related to smoking cessation will be assessed using the Self-Efficacy/Temptation Scale. The scale consists of 8 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale, with a total score ranging from 8 to 40. Higher scores indicate greater self-efficacy and greater confidence in the ability to refrain from smoking in situations that may trigger the urge to smoke.
Measured: Baseline, Mid-intervention Assessment (1 month later), Post-intervention Assessment (2 months later)
Change in Decisional Balance
Decisional balance related to smoking cessation will be assessed using the Decisional Balance Scale. The scale consists of 12 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale, with a total score ranging from 12 to 60. Higher scores indicate greater perceived importance of the benefits and barriers of change and greater engagement in the decision-making process related to smoking cessation.
Measured: Baseline, Mid-intervention Assessment (1 month later), Post-intervention Assessment (2 months later)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted11 Aug 2026
- Study startAug 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completionSep 2026 (estimated)
- Study completionDec 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Tobacco UseStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Model description
- All participants will receive the same Transtheoretical Model-based motivational interviewing intervention. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline and during follow-up assessments to evaluate changes in smoking behavior and related behavioral outcomes.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 87 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Meral Feratoğlu Research
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07758998
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- KLU-SMOKE-MI
- Status last verified
- Aug 2026
- First submitted
- 5 Aug 2026
- Last updated
- 11 Aug 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 11 Aug 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Motivational Interviewing on Changing Smoking Behavior Among Nursing Students
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07758998
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- KLU-SMOKE-MI
- Conditions
- Tobacco Use, Smoking Cessation
- Keywords
- motivational interviewing, Transtheoretical Model, Nursing Students, Smoking Cessation, Tobacco Use, Smoking Behavior
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Not yet recruiting
- Enrolment
- 87 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Meral Feratoğlu ResearchUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- Aug 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- Sep 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Dec 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 11 Aug 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Smoking is one of the leading preventable public health problems worldwide, particularly among young adults who are at increased risk of nicotine dependence. Nursing students represent an important target population because, as future health professionals, they are expected to play a significant role in tobacco control and smoking cessation counseling. The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) is one of the most widely used theoretical frameworks for promoting health behavior change. The aim of this study will be to determine the effect of Transtheoretical Model-based motivational interviewing on changing smoking behavior among nursing students.
This study will be planned as a single-group, quasi-experimental pretest-posttest intervention. Nursing students who smoke cigarettes and voluntarily agree to participate will be included in the study. At baseline, participants will complete a Demographic Information Form, the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, the Stages of Change questionnaire, the Self-Efficacy/Temptation Scale, the Processes of Change Scale, and the Decisional Balance Scale.
Participants will receive Transtheoretical Model-based educational sessions and motivational interviewing interventions focusing on the health effects of smoking, reasons for smoking, the benefits of smoking cessation, identification of social support resources, relapse prevention strategies, and successful smoking cessation experiences. The Stages of Change questionnaire will be administered before each motivational interviewing session, and all outcome measures will be reassessed during follow-up evaluations. The study is expected to provide evidence regarding the effectiveness of Transtheoretical Model-based motivational interviewing in reducing smoking behavior, decreasing nicotine dependence, promoting progression through the stages of change, improving self-efficacy, enhancing the use of behavioral change processes, and supporting smoking cessation among nursing students.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
- Model description
- All participants will receive the same Transtheoretical Model-based motivational interviewing intervention. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline and during follow-up assessments to evaluate changes in smoking behavior and related behavioral outcomes.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Motivational Interviewing | Experimental | Behavioral: Transtheoretical Model-Based Motivational InterviewingParticipants will receive a Transtheoretical Model-based motivational interviewing intervention designed to promote smoking behavior change and smoking cessation. The intervention will consist of structured face-to-face motivational interviewing sessions delivered in groups, supported by educational content on the health effects of smoking, benefits of smoking cessation, behavior change strategies, social support, relapse prevention, and self-efficacy enhancement. Outcomes will be evaluated using validated questionnaires administered at baseline and follow-up assessments. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Nursing students currently enrolled in the study setting.
- Aged 18 years or older.
- Current cigarette smokers.
- No self-reported health condition that would prevent participation in the intervention.
- Willing and able to provide informed consent and participate in the study.
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Inability to complete all planned stages of the study.
- Withdrawal of consent or voluntary discontinuation from the study at any time.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Transtheoretical Model-Based Motivational InterviewingParticipants will receive a Transtheoretical Model-based motivational interviewing intervention to promote smoking behavior change and smoking cessation. Face-to-face motivational interviewing sessions will be conducted by a researcher trained in motivational interviewing. According to the intervention protocol, participants may receive between two and six sessions depending on their readiness to change, individual needs, and continued participation throughout the study. The intervention will include counseling and education on smoking-related health risks, smoking cessation, motivation enhancement, self-efficacy, behavior change strategies, social support, and relapse prevention. Participants' stage of change will be assessed before each session, and the intervention will be tailored accordingly. Outcomes will be evaluated using validated instruments measuring smoking behavior, nicotine dependence, stages of change, self-efficacy, and behavior change processes. | Behavioural | Motivational Interviewing |
Primary outcome
Change in Smoking Behavior
Time frame: Baseline, Mid-intervention Assessment (1 month), Post-intervention Assessment (2 months)
The primary outcome is the change in smoking behavior following the Transtheoretical Model-based motivational interviewing intervention. Smoking behavior will be evaluated by the average number of cigarettes smoked per day and smoking cessation status.
4 secondary outcomes
Change in Nicotine Dependence
Time frame: Baseline, Mid-intervention Assessment (1 month later), Post-intervention Assessment (2 months later)
Change in Processes of Change
Time frame: Baseline, Mid-intervention Assessment( 1 month later), Post-intervention Assessment (2 months later)
Change in Self-Efficacy/Temptation for Smoking Cessation
Time frame: Baseline, Mid-intervention Assessment (1 month later), Post-intervention Assessment (2 months later)
Change in Decisional Balance
Time frame: Baseline, Mid-intervention Assessment (1 month later), Post-intervention Assessment (2 months later)
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 11 Aug 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Transtheoretical Model-Based Motivational Interviewing in people with Tobacco Use and Smoking Cessation, run by Meral Feratoğlu Research at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: opening soon, as of the sponsor's last update on 11 Aug 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Sevim Meral Feratoğlu, MSc (+905346674614, sevimmeralf@outlook.com), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in Smoking Behavior (time frame: Baseline, Mid-intervention Assessment (1 month), Post-intervention Assessment (2 months)). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 11 Aug 2026; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 7 Nov 2026.