Language DevelopmentNCT07762118
Brain Stimulation Paired With Structured Language Learning in Adults
A study testing Active transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) in people with Language Development and Learning, run by General Neuro Inc. at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
This study investigates whether transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) delivered during structured language-learning sessions affects the rate and quality of second-language acquisition in adults. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Language Development, Learning
- What is being tested?
- Active transcranial electrical stimulation (tES)
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 60 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 1 Sep 2026to 1 Jun 2032
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Adults aged 18 years or older
- Able to understand the consent materials and the informed consent process in English, or in another language for which an IRB-approved consent form is available
- Willing and able to participate in structured language-learning activities for the duration of the intervention period
- Able to provide written informed consent
Who cannot join
- History of epilepsy or any seizure disorder
- Active skin disease, open wounds, or significant skin irritation at electrode contact sites
- Implanted electronic medical devices where stimulation would be contraindicated per device manufacturer guidance or investigator judgment after individual risk assessment
- Significant cognitive impairment that would interfere with informed consent or study participation
- Any other condition that, in the investigator's judgment, would compromise participant safety or the integrity of the study data
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Luke Knoble contact
United States1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
General Neuro, Inc.
Boston, Massachusetts, 02131
Alec Sheffield, PhD, 617-657-3348, info@generalneuro.com
About this study
Official title: A Study of Transcranial Electrical Stimulation (tES) Paired With Structured Learning Protocols for Accelerated Skill Acquisition: Sub-Protocol A (Adult Language Learning)
This study investigates whether transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) delivered during structured language-learning sessions affects the rate and quality of second-language acquisition in adults.
Adults who are learning or planning to learn a new language are randomly assigned in equal numbers to receive either active stimulation or sham (placebo) stimulation while completing structured language-learning content. Participants wear a non-invasive transcranial electrical stimulation headset that delivers a low-level electrical current through electrodes resting on the scalp, targeting cortical regions associated with language. Sessions typically last 20 to 30 minutes and may be completed at home or in person at a participating language program.
Read more
Language proficiency is measured with a standardized assessment before and after the intervention period, with additional app-derived performance metrics and participant-reported measures collected throughout. A follow-up assessment may be conducted up to 12 months after the intervention ends to evaluate whether any observed effects persist.
In this study the device is applied as a learning aid in healthy adults. It is not used to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
Read the detailed description
The study is a prospective, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled investigation. Participants are randomized 1:1 to active or sham stimulation, with stratification by site or cohort as applicable. Neither participants nor the research team conducting outcome assessments are aware of assignment during data collection. Stimulation assignment is held by the Sub-Investigator and is not disclosed to the Principal Investigator until all outcome data are collected and locked and primary analyses are finalized.
Sessions may be delivered by decentralized at-home administration, on-site administration at partner language programs and educational institutions, or a hybrid of the two.
The protocol declares a bounded parameter envelope within which specific stimulation parameters, learning content, partner sites, and assessment instruments may be selected per cohort without protocol amendment. All parameters operate within the LOTES-2023 limited-output standard for transcranial electrical stimulation devices. For adult participants the declared envelope permits 0 to 4 mA average absolute current, a maximum current density of 2 mA/cm2 at the electrode contact area, and a maximum session duration of 60 minutes subject to a 6000 mC total-charge-per-session ceiling. Anticipated session durations are 20 to 30 minutes. Any modality within the transcranial electrical stimulation family may be used, including tDCS, tACS, tRNS, and tPCS.
Intended cortical targets are the left perisylvian region and adjacent association cortex, including Broca's area and Wernicke's area. Montages use standard cephalic or extracephalic placements with at least one electrode positioned on the head.
Because assessment instruments and specific stimulation parameters are selected per cohort within the declared envelope, each enrollment cohort has a cohort-specific Statistical Analysis Plan finalized and locked prior to unblinding of that cohort.
- Conditions
- Language Development, Learning
- Being tested
- Active transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), Sham transcranial electrical stimulation (tES)
- Keywords
- transcranial electrical stimulation, tES, transcranial direct current stimulation, tDCS, second language acquisition, language learning, neuromodulation, healthy volunteers
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Active transcranial electrical stimulation (tES)Device
Non-invasive transcranial electrical stimulation delivered by a scalp-mounted headset within the LOTES-2023 limited-output envelope, paired with structured language-learning content. Adult declared range 0 to 4 mA average absolute current, maximum current density 2 mA/cm2 at the electrode contact area, and maximum session duration 60 minutes subject to a 6000 mC per-session total charge limit. Electrodes are placed in standard cephalic or extracephalic montages targeting the left perisylvian region and adjacent association cortex.
Sham transcranial electrical stimulation (tES)Device
Sham stimulation delivered by the same scalp-mounted headset, providing the initial cutaneous sensory experience of stimulation onset without sustained current delivery, paired with the same structured language-learning content. The specific validated sham approach is selected per cohort and documented in the corresponding cohort plan.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Active Stimulation | Experimental | Participants receive active transcranial electrical stimulation delivered through a non-invasive scalp-mounted headset while completing structured language-learning content. Stimulation amplitude and session duration are selected per cohort from the declared parameter envelope, with current ramping at session start and end. Sessions are typically 20 to 30 minutes. Receives: Device: Active transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) |
| Sham Stimulation | Sham comparator | Participants receive sham stimulation through the same non-invasive scalp-mounted headset while completing the same structured language-learning content. Sham provides the sensory experience of stimulation onset without sustained current delivery. The specific validated sham approach is selected and documented per cohort. Receives: Device: Sham transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change from baseline in Pearson PTE Express overall score
Change in the overall score on the Pearson Test of English (PTE) Express, a computer-delivered, remotely proctored assessment of English language proficiency covering listening, reading, speaking, and writing. The overall score is reported on the Global Scale of English and ranges from 10 to 90, with higher scores indicating greater English proficiency.
Measured: Baseline to end of intervention period, up to 8 weeks
Secondary outcomes (1)
Incidence of adverse events
Number and severity of adverse events reported, including tingling, itching or warmth under the electrodes, skin redness, headache, fatigue, difficulty sleeping, dizziness or lightheadedness, phosphenes, and skin irritation.
Measured: Through the intervention period and follow-up, up to 12 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted13 Aug 2026
- Study start1 Sep 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion1 Jun 2031 (estimated)
- Study completion1 Jun 2032 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (4)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Language DevelopmentStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Two parallel arms, active tES and sham tES, each paired with the same structured language-learning content. Participants are randomized 1:1, with stratification by site or cohort as applicable.
- Masking
- Triple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- General Neuro Inc.
- Sponsor type
- Industry (pharma, biotech, devices)
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Alec Sheffield, PhD, Principal investigator, General Neuro Inc.
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07762118
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- GN-001-A
- Other IDs
- 20262153, GN-001
- Status last verified
- Aug 2026
- First submitted
- 3 Aug 2026
- Last updated
- 13 Aug 2026
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Individual participant data are not planned to be shared. De-identified study data may be shared with academic collaborators under data sharing agreements, as described in the study protocol.
Publications
Balboa-Bandeira Y, Zubiaurre-Elorza L, Ibarretxe-Bilbao N, Ojeda N, Pena J. Effects of transcranial electrical stimulation techniques on second and foreign language learning enhancement in healthy adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuropsychologia. 2021 Sep 17;160:107985. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107985. Epub 2021 Aug 8.
PubMed 34371068Simonsmeier BA, Grabner RH, Hein J, Krenz U, Schneider M. Electrical brain stimulation (tES) improves learning more than performance: A meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2018 Jan;84:171-181. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.11.001. Epub 2017 Nov 8.
PubMed 29128578Floel A, Rosser N, Michka O, Knecht S, Breitenstein C. Noninvasive brain stimulation improves language learning. J Cogn Neurosci. 2008 Aug;20(8):1415-22. doi: 10.1162/jocn.2008.20098.
PubMed 18303984Meinzer M, Jahnigen S, Copland DA, Darkow R, Grittner U, Avirame K, Rodriguez AD, Lindenberg R, Floel A. Transcranial direct current stimulation over multiple days improves learning and maintenance of a novel vocabulary. Cortex. 2014 Jan;50:137-47. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2013.07.013. Epub 2013 Aug 6.
PubMed 23988131
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 13 Aug 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Study of Transcranial Electrical Stimulation (tES) Paired With Structured Learning Protocols for Accelerated Skill Acquisition: Sub-Protocol A (Adult Language Learning)
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07762118
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- GN-001-A
- Conditions
- Language Development, Learning
- Keywords
- transcranial electrical stimulation, tES, transcranial direct current stimulation, tDCS, second language acquisition, language learning, neuromodulation, healthy volunteers
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- General Neuro Inc.Industry (pharma, biotech, devices)
- Study start
- 1 Sep 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 1 Jun 2031 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 1 Jun 2032 (estimated)
- First posted
- 13 Aug 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study investigates whether transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) delivered during structured language-learning sessions affects the rate and quality of second-language acquisition in adults.
Adults who are learning or planning to learn a new language are randomly assigned in equal numbers to receive either active stimulation or sham (placebo) stimulation while completing structured language-learning content. Participants wear a non-invasive transcranial electrical stimulation headset that delivers a low-level electrical current through electrodes resting on the scalp, targeting cortical regions associated with language. Sessions typically last 20 to 30 minutes and may be completed at home or in person at a participating language program.
Language proficiency is measured with a standardized assessment before and after the intervention period, with additional app-derived performance metrics and participant-reported measures collected throughout. A follow-up assessment may be conducted up to 12 months after the intervention ends to evaluate whether any observed effects persist.
In this study the device is applied as a learning aid in healthy adults. It is not used to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
Detailed description
The study is a prospective, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled investigation. Participants are randomized 1:1 to active or sham stimulation, with stratification by site or cohort as applicable. Neither participants nor the research team conducting outcome assessments are aware of assignment during data collection. Stimulation assignment is held by the Sub-Investigator and is not disclosed to the Principal Investigator until all outcome data are collected and locked and primary analyses are finalized.
Sessions may be delivered by decentralized at-home administration, on-site administration at partner language programs and educational institutions, or a hybrid of the two.
The protocol declares a bounded parameter envelope within which specific stimulation parameters, learning content, partner sites, and assessment instruments may be selected per cohort without protocol amendment. All parameters operate within the LOTES-2023 limited-output standard for transcranial electrical stimulation devices. For adult participants the declared envelope permits 0 to 4 mA average absolute current, a maximum current density of 2 mA/cm2 at the electrode contact area, and a maximum session duration of 60 minutes subject to a 6000 mC total-charge-per-session ceiling. Anticipated session durations are 20 to 30 minutes. Any modality within the transcranial electrical stimulation family may be used, including tDCS, tACS, tRNS, and tPCS.
Intended cortical targets are the left perisylvian region and adjacent association cortex, including Broca's area and Wernicke's area. Montages use standard cephalic or extracephalic placements with at least one electrode positioned on the head.
Because assessment instruments and specific stimulation parameters are selected per cohort within the declared envelope, each enrollment cohort has a cohort-specific Statistical Analysis Plan finalized and locked prior to unblinding of that cohort.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind (participant, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Two parallel arms, active tES and sham tES, each paired with the same structured language-learning content. Participants are randomized 1:1, with stratification by site or cohort as applicable.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Active Stimulation | Experimental | Device: Active transcranial electrical stimulation (tES)Participants receive active transcranial electrical stimulation delivered through a non-invasive scalp-mounted headset while completing structured language-learning content. Stimulation amplitude and session duration are selected per cohort from the declared parameter envelope, with current ramping at session start and end. Sessions are typically 20 to 30 minutes. |
| Sham Stimulation | Sham comparator | Device: Sham transcranial electrical stimulation (tES)Participants receive sham stimulation through the same non-invasive scalp-mounted headset while completing the same structured language-learning content. Sham provides the sensory experience of stimulation onset without sustained current delivery. The specific validated sham approach is selected and documented per cohort. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Adults aged 18 years or older
- Able to understand the consent materials and the informed consent process in English, or in another language for which an IRB-approved consent form is available
- Willing and able to participate in structured language-learning activities for the duration of the intervention period
- Able to provide written informed consent
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- History of epilepsy or any seizure disorder
- Active skin disease, open wounds, or significant skin irritation at electrode contact sites
- Implanted electronic medical devices where stimulation would be contraindicated per device manufacturer guidance or investigator judgment after individual risk assessment
- Significant cognitive impairment that would interfere with informed consent or study participation
- Any other condition that, in the investigator's judgment, would compromise participant safety or the integrity of the study data
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Active transcranial electrical stimulation (tES)Non-invasive transcranial electrical stimulation delivered by a scalp-mounted headset within the LOTES-2023 limited-output envelope, paired with structured language-learning content. Adult declared range 0 to 4 mA average absolute current, maximum current density 2 mA/cm2 at the electrode contact area, and maximum session duration 60 minutes subject to a 6000 mC per-session total charge limit. Electrodes are placed in standard cephalic or extracephalic montages targeting the left perisylvian region and adjacent association cortex. | Device | Active Stimulation |
| Sham transcranial electrical stimulation (tES)Sham stimulation delivered by the same scalp-mounted headset, providing the initial cutaneous sensory experience of stimulation onset without sustained current delivery, paired with the same structured language-learning content. The specific validated sham approach is selected per cohort and documented in the corresponding cohort plan. | Device | Sham Stimulation |
Primary outcome
Change from baseline in Pearson PTE Express overall score
Time frame: Baseline to end of intervention period, up to 8 weeks
Change in the overall score on the Pearson Test of English (PTE) Express, a computer-delivered, remotely proctored assessment of English language proficiency covering listening, reading, speaking, and writing. The overall score is reported on the Global Scale of English and ranges from 10 to 90, with higher scores indicating greater English proficiency.
1 secondary outcome
Incidence of adverse events
Time frame: Through the intervention period and follow-up, up to 12 months
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 13 Aug 2026.
- Background: PubMed 34371068Balboa-Bandeira Y, Zubiaurre-Elorza L, Ibarretxe-Bilbao N, Ojeda N, Pena J. Effects of transcranial electrical stimulation techniques on second and foreign language learning enhancement in healthy adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuropsychologia. 2021 Sep 17;160:107985. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107985. Epub 2021 Aug 8.
- Background: PubMed 29128578Simonsmeier BA, Grabner RH, Hein J, Krenz U, Schneider M. Electrical brain stimulation (tES) improves learning more than performance: A meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2018 Jan;84:171-181. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.11.001. Epub 2017 Nov 8.
- Background: PubMed 18303984Floel A, Rosser N, Michka O, Knecht S, Breitenstein C. Noninvasive brain stimulation improves language learning. J Cogn Neurosci. 2008 Aug;20(8):1415-22. doi: 10.1162/jocn.2008.20098.
- Background: PubMed 23988131Meinzer M, Jahnigen S, Copland DA, Darkow R, Grittner U, Avirame K, Rodriguez AD, Lindenberg R, Floel A. Transcranial direct current stimulation over multiple days improves learning and maintenance of a novel vocabulary. Cortex. 2014 Jan;50:137-47. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2013.07.013. Epub 2013 Aug 6.
- Related InfoLink provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Individual participant data are not planned to be shared. De-identified study data may be shared with academic collaborators under data sharing agreements, as described in the study protocol.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Luke Knoble contact
Alec Sheffield, PhD principal investigator
General Neuro Inc.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Active transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) in people with Language Development and Learning, run by General Neuro Inc. at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 13 Aug 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Alec Sheffield, PhD (617-657-3348, alec@generalneuro.com), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change from baseline in Pearson PTE Express overall score (time frame: Baseline to end of intervention period, up to 8 weeks). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07762118, which also lists 4 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 13 Aug 2026.