QR Code-Supported Infant Care EducationNICU-QRNCT07763041
Effect of QR Code-Supported Infant Care Education on Maternal Self-Confidence, Maternal Attachment, and Infant Health in the NICU
A study testing QR Code-Supported Infant Care Education in people with QR Code-Supported Infant Care Education, run by Ankara Medipol University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effect of Meleis' Transitions Theory-based Quick Response (QR) code-supported infant care education on maternal self-confidence, maternal attachment, and infant health among primiparous mothers whose infants are hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older, women only
- Conditions the study is for
- QR Code-Supported Infant Care Education
- What is being tested?
- QR Code-Supported Infant Care Education
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 84 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 2 Jun 2025to 26 Feb 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- Women only
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Primiparous mothers with a singleton birth,
- Aged 18 years or older,
- Able to read and communicate in Turkish,
- Owning a smartphone with internet access and having sufficient digital literacy to use QR code applications,
- No diagnosed psychiatric disorder,
- Mothers whose infants had been hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit for at least one month,
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- Willing to participate and providing written informed consent,
- Infants with a gestational age of ≥34 weeks,
- Infants without life-threatening congenital, neurological, gastrointestinal, or genetic disorders requiring surgical intervention or expected to affect long-term prognosis.
Who cannot join
- Mothers who did not continue in the post-discharge follow-up period,
- Participants whose mother or infant died (exitus) during the study period.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Lokman Hekim University Ankara Hospital
Ankara
About this study
Official title: The Effect of Meleis' Transition Theory-Based QR Code-Supported Infant Care Training on Maternal Self-Confidence, Maternal Attachment, and Infant Health Among Mothers of Infants Hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effect of Meleis' Transitions Theory-based Quick Response (QR) code-supported infant care education on maternal self-confidence, maternal attachment, and infant health among primiparous mothers whose infants are hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Participants were randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group using block randomization. Mothers in the intervention group received face-to-face infant care education before discharge, a printed infant care guide containing QR codes linked to educational videos, and instructions on how to use a mobile application. Mothers in the control group received routine care and discharge education provided by the NICU. Maternal self-confidence, maternal attachment, and infant health outcomes were assessed before discharge and at one and three months after discharge. This study is expected to provide evidence regarding the effectiveness of QR code-supported infant care education in improving maternal adaptation and infant health outcomes following NICU discharge.
Read the detailed description
This randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of a Quick Response (QR) code-supported infant care education program based on Meleis' Transitions Theory on maternal self-confidence, maternal attachment, and infant health among primiparous mothers of infants hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Data were collected using the Descriptive Information Form, the Pharis Self-Confidence Scale, the Maternal Attachment Scale, and the Infant Health Assessment Form. Participants were randomly assigned to the intervention (n=42) and control (n=42) groups using block randomization. Mothers in the intervention group received face-to-face infant care education based on Meleis' Transitions Theory before discharge, a printed infant care guide containing QR codes linked to educational videos, and instructions on how to use the mobile application developed for the study. Mothers in the control group received routine care and follow-up services provided by the neonatal intensive care unit. Maternal self-confidence, maternal attachment, and infant health outcomes were assessed before discharge and at one and three months after discharge. The intervention group demonstrated higher maternal self-confidence and maternal attachment scores throughout the follow-up period compared with the control group. Infants in the intervention group also showed more favorable health outcomes, including improved growth indicators, higher breastfeeding frequency, and lower rates of common health problems and hospital visits. The findings suggest that Meleis' Transitions Theory-based QR code-supported infant care education is an effective strategy for improving maternal self-confidence, maternal attachment, and infant health outcomes following NICU discharge.
- Conditions
- QR Code-Supported Infant Care Education
- Being tested
- QR Code-Supported Infant Care Education
- Keywords
- Maternal self-confidence, infant care education, maternal attachment, Meleis' Transition Theory, neonatal intensive care unit
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
QR Code-Supported Infant Care EducationBehavioural
Face-to-face infant care education based on Meleis' Transitions Theory, supported by a printed infant care guide containing QR codes linked to educational videos and a mobile application developed for the study.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| QR Code-Supported Infant Care Education | Experimental | Mothers received face-to-face infant care education based on Meleis' Transitions Theory before discharge, together with a printed infant care guide containing QR codes linked to educational videos and instructions for using the mobile application developed for the study. Routine neonatal intensive care unit care was also provided. Receives: Behavioral: QR Code-Supported Infant Care Education |
| Routine Care | No intervention | Mothers received routine neonatal intensive care unit care, discharge education, and follow-up services without any additional structured infant care education. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Maternal Self-Confidence
Maternal self-confidence was assessed using the Pharis Self-Confidence Scale. The scale consists of 13 items, with total scores ranging from 13 to 65. Higher scores indicate higher levels of maternal self-confidence.
Measured: Baseline (approximately 1 week before discharge and prior to the intervention), 1 month after discharge, and 3 months after discharge
Maternal Attachment
Maternal attachment was assessed using the Maternal Attachment Scale. The scale consists of 26 items, with total scores ranging from 26 to 104. Higher scores indicate higher levels of maternal attachment.
Measured: Baseline (approximately 1 week before discharge and prior to the intervention), 1 month after discharge, and 3 months after discharge
Infant Health
Infant health assessed using the Infant Health Assessment Form, including physical growth (weight, length, and head circumference), breastfeeding, urination and stool frequency, non-breastmilk feeding, common infant health problems (gas, fever, vomiting, oral thrush, diaper rash, nasal congestion), and hospital visits
Measured: Baseline (approximately 1 week before discharge and prior to the intervention), 1 month after discharge, and 3 months after discharge
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted13 Aug 2026
- Study start2 Jun 2025
- Primary completion26 Feb 2026
- Study completion26 Feb 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for QR Code-Supported Infant Care EducationStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 84 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Ankara Medipol University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Aslınur TAŞKIN GÜZELYAZICI, Ankara Medipol University
- Investigators
- Aslınur T GÜZELYAZICI, Principal investigator, Ankara Medipol University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07763041
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- AYBU-PhD-QRNICU-2026
- Acronym
- NICU-QR
- Status last verified
- Aug 2026
- First submitted
- 3 Aug 2026
- Last updated
- 13 Aug 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 13 Aug 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Meleis' Transition Theory-Based QR Code-Supported Infant Care Training on Maternal Self-Confidence, Maternal Attachment, and Infant Health Among Mothers of Infants Hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07763041
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- NICU-QR / AYBU-PhD-QRNICU-2026
- Conditions
- QR Code-Supported Infant Care Education
- Keywords
- Maternal self-confidence, infant care education, maternal attachment, Meleis' Transition Theory, neonatal intensive care unit
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 84 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Ankara Medipol UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 2 Jun 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 26 Feb 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 26 Feb 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 13 Aug 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effect of Meleis' Transitions Theory-based Quick Response (QR) code-supported infant care education on maternal self-confidence, maternal attachment, and infant health among primiparous mothers whose infants are hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Participants were randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group using block randomization. Mothers in the intervention group received face-to-face infant care education before discharge, a printed infant care guide containing QR codes linked to educational videos, and instructions on how to use a mobile application. Mothers in the control group received routine care and discharge education provided by the NICU. Maternal self-confidence, maternal attachment, and infant health outcomes were assessed before discharge and at one and three months after discharge. This study is expected to provide evidence regarding the effectiveness of QR code-supported infant care education in improving maternal adaptation and infant health outcomes following NICU discharge.
Detailed description
This randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of a Quick Response (QR) code-supported infant care education program based on Meleis' Transitions Theory on maternal self-confidence, maternal attachment, and infant health among primiparous mothers of infants hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Data were collected using the Descriptive Information Form, the Pharis Self-Confidence Scale, the Maternal Attachment Scale, and the Infant Health Assessment Form. Participants were randomly assigned to the intervention (n=42) and control (n=42) groups using block randomization. Mothers in the intervention group received face-to-face infant care education based on Meleis' Transitions Theory before discharge, a printed infant care guide containing QR codes linked to educational videos, and instructions on how to use the mobile application developed for the study. Mothers in the control group received routine care and follow-up services provided by the neonatal intensive care unit. Maternal self-confidence, maternal attachment, and infant health outcomes were assessed before discharge and at one and three months after discharge. The intervention group demonstrated higher maternal self-confidence and maternal attachment scores throughout the follow-up period compared with the control group. Infants in the intervention group also showed more favorable health outcomes, including improved growth indicators, higher breastfeeding frequency, and lower rates of common health problems and hospital visits. The findings suggest that Meleis' Transitions Theory-based QR code-supported infant care education is an effective strategy for improving maternal self-confidence, maternal attachment, and infant health outcomes following NICU discharge.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| QR Code-Supported Infant Care Education | Experimental | Behavioral: QR Code-Supported Infant Care EducationMothers received face-to-face infant care education based on Meleis' Transitions Theory before discharge, together with a printed infant care guide containing QR codes linked to educational videos and instructions for using the mobile application developed for the study. Routine neonatal intensive care unit care was also provided. |
| Routine Care | No intervention | –Mothers received routine neonatal intensive care unit care, discharge education, and follow-up services without any additional structured infant care education. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (9 listed)
- Primiparous mothers with a singleton birth,
- Aged 18 years or older,
- Able to read and communicate in Turkish,
- Owning a smartphone with internet access and having sufficient digital literacy to use QR code applications,
- No diagnosed psychiatric disorder,
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Mothers who did not continue in the post-discharge follow-up period,
- Participants whose mother or infant died (exitus) during the study period.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| QR Code-Supported Infant Care EducationFace-to-face infant care education based on Meleis' Transitions Theory, supported by a printed infant care guide containing QR codes linked to educational videos and a mobile application developed for the study. | Behavioural | QR Code-Supported Infant Care Education |
Primary outcome
Maternal Self-Confidence
Time frame: Baseline (approximately 1 week before discharge and prior to the intervention), 1 month after discharge, and 3 months after discharge
Maternal self-confidence was assessed using the Pharis Self-Confidence Scale. The scale consists of 13 items, with total scores ranging from 13 to 65. Higher scores indicate higher levels of maternal self-confidence.
Maternal Attachment
Time frame: Baseline (approximately 1 week before discharge and prior to the intervention), 1 month after discharge, and 3 months after discharge
Maternal attachment was assessed using the Maternal Attachment Scale. The scale consists of 26 items, with total scores ranging from 26 to 104. Higher scores indicate higher levels of maternal attachment.
Infant Health
Time frame: Baseline (approximately 1 week before discharge and prior to the intervention), 1 month after discharge, and 3 months after discharge
Infant health assessed using the Infant Health Assessment Form, including physical growth (weight, length, and head circumference), breastfeeding, urination and stool frequency, non-breastmilk feeding, common infant health problems (gas, fever, vomiting, oral thrush, diaper rash, nasal congestion), and hospital visits
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 13 Aug 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Aslınur T GÜZELYAZICI principal investigator
Ankara Medipol University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing QR Code-Supported Infant Care Education in people with QR Code-Supported Infant Care Education, run by Ankara Medipol University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 9 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 13 Aug 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Maternal Self-Confidence (time frame: Baseline (approximately 1 week before discharge and prior to the intervention), 1 month after discharge, and 3 months after discharge). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 13 Aug 2026.