Chronic Shoulder PainISADERNCT07765056
Adduction and Infraspinatus Activity in Shoulder Pain
A study testing Shoulder External Rotation With 0 mmHg Adduction Pressure, Shoulder External Rotation With 5 mmHg Adduction Pressure and Shoulder External Rotation With 10 mmHg Adduction Pressure in people with Chronic Shoulder Pain, run by Universidad de La Frontera at 1 site in Chile.
Trial summary
The goal of this randomized crossover trial is to determine whether different levels of shoulder adduction pressure during an external rotation exercise change shoulder muscle activity in adults with chronic shoulder pain and adults without shoulder pain. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Chronic Shoulder Pain
- What is being tested?
- Shoulder External Rotation With 0 mmHg Adduction Pressure, Shoulder External Rotation With 5 mmHg Adduction Pressure and Shoulder External Rotation With 10 mmHg Adduction Pressure
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 44 participants
- Where
- 1 siteChile
- Study dates
- 1 Aug 2023to 1 Aug 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Shoulder Pain Group (SPG):
- Adults aged 18 years or older.
- Medical diagnosis of chronic non-traumatic shoulder pain lasting more than 3 months.
- Resting pain intensity of at least 2 cm on a visual analogue scale (VAS).
- Ability to perform at least 130° of shoulder flexion, 90° of shoulder abduction, and 45° of shoulder external rotation.
- Pain-Free Group (PFG):
Show all 12Show fewer
- Adults aged 18 years or older.
- No current shoulder or neck symptoms.
- No shoulder or neck symptoms during the previous 2 years.
- No previous medical consultation for shoulder or neck discomfort.
- Full shoulder abduction and external rotation range of motion.
- Ability to perform pain-free maximal isometric contractions during shoulder abduction and external rotation.
Who cannot join
- Shoulder Pain Group (SPG):
- History of neck or upper limb surgery.
- History of glenohumeral instability or upper limb fracture.
- Neck pain or pain in another segment of the upper limb.
- Systemic diseases that could influence shoulder movement or muscle activation, including rheumatoid arthritis or neuromuscular diseases.
- Physical therapy treatment during the previous year for pain in the affected upper limb.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Isometric Shoulder Adduction During External Rotation Increases Infraspinatus Activity in Adults With and Without Chronic Shoulder Pain: A Randomized Crossover Trial
The goal of this randomized crossover trial is to determine whether different levels of shoulder adduction pressure during an external rotation exercise change shoulder muscle activity in adults with chronic shoulder pain and adults without shoulder pain. The main question is whether adding a small amount of shoulder adduction pressure increases activity of the infraspinatus muscle without increasing activity of the deltoid muscles. Researchers will compare three levels of adduction pressure (0, 5, and 10 mmHg) during the same external rotation exercise. Participants will perform the three exercise conditions in a randomly assigned order while researchers measure shoulder muscle activity using surface electromyography.
Read the detailed description
Shoulder external rotation exercises are commonly used during shoulder rehabilitation to improve rotator cuff muscle function. Adding isometric shoulder adduction during external rotation may modify the activation of the muscles involved in the exercise, but the effect of different levels of adduction pressure has not been fully established in adults with shoulder pain.
This study was designed to examine whether progressively increasing shoulder adduction pressure during external rotation changes shoulder muscle activation in adults with chronic shoulder pain and adults without shoulder pain. The study used a randomized crossover design, in which each participant performed the same external rotation exercise under three different levels of adduction pressure. The order of the experimental conditions was randomized and balanced to reduce potential effects related to the sequence of conditions.
The study focused primarily on the activation of the infraspinatus muscle, while activity of the deltoid, latissimus dorsi, and middle trapezius muscles was also assessed. Muscle activity was recorded using surface electromyography during the experimental exercise. The study was conducted during a single laboratory session.
- Conditions
- Chronic Shoulder Pain
- Being tested
- Shoulder External Rotation With 0 mmHg Adduction Pressure, Shoulder External Rotation With 5 mmHg Adduction Pressure, Shoulder External Rotation With 10 mmHg Adduction Pressure
- Keywords
- Electromyography, Muscle activation, Musculoskeletal pain, Neuromuscular control, Rotator cuff, Shoulder rehabilitation, Therapeutic exercise, Infraspinatus, Shoulder external rotation, Shoulder adduction
- Medical subject headings
- Musculoskeletal Pain
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Shoulder External Rotation With 0 mmHg Adduction PressureBehavioural
Participants performed the shoulder external rotation exercise while maintaining 0 mmHg of isometric shoulder adduction pressure against a biofeedback wedge. The exercise was performed with the shoulder positioned at approximately 45 degrees of external rotation from 0 degrees of glenohumeral rotation.
Shoulder External Rotation With 5 mmHg Adduction PressureBehavioural
Participants performed the shoulder external rotation exercise while maintaining 5 mmHg of isometric shoulder adduction pressure against a biofeedback wedge. The exercise was performed with the shoulder positioned at approximately 45 degrees of external rotation from 0 degrees of glenohumeral rotation.
Shoulder External Rotation With 10 mmHg Adduction PressureBehavioural
Participants performed the shoulder external rotation exercise while maintaining 10 mmHg of isometric shoulder adduction pressure against a biofeedback wedge. The exercise was performed with the shoulder positioned at approximately 45 degrees of external rotation from 0 degrees of glenohumeral rotation.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Sequence 1: 0-5-10 mmHg | Experimental | Participants assigned to this sequence performed the shoulder external rotation exercise under 0 mmHg, 5 mmHg, and 10 mmHg of shoulder adduction pressure, respectively. Receives: Behavioral: Shoulder External Rotation With 0 mmHg Adduction Pressure; Behavioral: Shoulder External Rotation With 5 mmHg Adduction Pressure; Behavioral: Shoulder External Rotation With 10 mmHg Adduction Pressure |
| Sequence 2: 0-10-5 mmHg | Experimental | Participants assigned to this sequence performed the shoulder external rotation exercise under 0 mmHg, 10 mmHg, and 5 mmHg of shoulder adduction pressure, respectively. Receives: Behavioral: Shoulder External Rotation With 0 mmHg Adduction Pressure; Behavioral: Shoulder External Rotation With 5 mmHg Adduction Pressure; Behavioral: Shoulder External Rotation With 10 mmHg Adduction Pressure |
| Sequence 3: 5-0-10 mmHg | Experimental | Participants assigned to this sequence performed the shoulder external rotation exercise under 5 mmHg, 0 mmHg, and 10 mmHg of shoulder adduction pressure, respectively. Receives: Behavioral: Shoulder External Rotation With 0 mmHg Adduction Pressure; Behavioral: Shoulder External Rotation With 5 mmHg Adduction Pressure; Behavioral: Shoulder External Rotation With 10 mmHg Adduction Pressure |
| Sequence 4: 5-10-0 mmHg | Experimental | Participants assigned to this sequence performed the shoulder external rotation exercise under 5 mmHg, 10 mmHg, and 0 mmHg of shoulder adduction pressure, respectively. Receives: Behavioral: Shoulder External Rotation With 0 mmHg Adduction Pressure; Behavioral: Shoulder External Rotation With 5 mmHg Adduction Pressure; Behavioral: Shoulder External Rotation With 10 mmHg Adduction Pressure |
| Sequence 5: 10-0-5 mmHg | Experimental | Participants assigned to this sequence performed the shoulder external rotation exercise under 10 mmHg, 0 mmHg, and 5 mmHg of shoulder adduction pressure, respectively. Receives: Behavioral: Shoulder External Rotation With 0 mmHg Adduction Pressure; Behavioral: Shoulder External Rotation With 5 mmHg Adduction Pressure; Behavioral: Shoulder External Rotation With 10 mmHg Adduction Pressure |
| Sequence 6: 10-5-0 mmHg | Experimental | Participants assigned to this sequence performed the shoulder external rotation exercise under 10 mmHg, 5 mmHg, and 0 mmHg of shoulder adduction pressure, respectively. Receives: Behavioral: Shoulder External Rotation With 0 mmHg Adduction Pressure; Behavioral: Shoulder External Rotation With 5 mmHg Adduction Pressure; Behavioral: Shoulder External Rotation With 10 mmHg Adduction Pressure |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Peak Surface Electromyographic Activity of Shoulder Muscles
Peak surface electromyographic activity of the anterior deltoid, middle deltoid, posterior deltoid, infraspinatus, latissimus dorsi, and middle trapezius during the shoulder external rotation exercise. Electromyographic activity was normalized to the maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and expressed as a percentage of MVIC.
Measured: Day 1. During each experimental condition (0, 5, and 10 mmHg)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted14 Aug 2026
- Study start1 Aug 2023
- Primary completion1 Aug 2024
- Study completion1 Aug 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Chronic Shoulder PainStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Model description
- This randomized crossover trial included two clinical comparison groups: participants with chronic shoulder pain and pain-free participants. Within each group, participants were randomly assigned to one of six possible sequences of three experimental conditions involving 0, 5, and 10 mmHg of shoulder adduction pressure during the external rotation exercise. Each participant completed all three experimental conditions. Peak muscle activity was recorded using surface electromyography.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 44 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Universidad de La Frontera
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Germán Gálvez García, Universidad de La Frontera
- Investigators
- Germán Gálvez García, PhD, Principal investigator, Universidad de La Frontera
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07765056
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- DI20-0046
- Acronym
- ISADER
- Status last verified
- Aug 2026
- First submitted
- 9 Aug 2026
- Last updated
- 14 Aug 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: Deidentified individual participant data underlying the published results will be shared, including participant-level surface electromyography data and relevant demographic and clinical variables. A data dictionary describing the shared variables will also be provided. Data will be shared in a format that allows appropriate secondary analyses while protecting participant confidentiality.
Publications
Bascour-Sandoval, Claudio, Gajardo-Burgos, Rubén, Gálvez-García, Germán, & Barramuño-Medina, Mauricio. (2021). Effect of Adduction During Glenohumeral External Rotation Exercises in the Scapulohumeral Muscles. International Journal of Morphology, 39(5), 1316-1322. https://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95022021000501316
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 14 Aug 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Isometric Shoulder Adduction During External Rotation Increases Infraspinatus Activity in Adults With and Without Chronic Shoulder Pain: A Randomized Crossover Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07765056
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- ISADER / DI20-0046
- Conditions
- Chronic Shoulder Pain
- Keywords
- Electromyography, Muscle activation, Musculoskeletal pain, Neuromuscular control, Rotator cuff, Shoulder rehabilitation, Therapeutic exercise, Infraspinatus
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 44 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Universidad de La FronteraUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Aug 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Aug 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 Aug 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 14 Aug 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The goal of this randomized crossover trial is to determine whether different levels of shoulder adduction pressure during an external rotation exercise change shoulder muscle activity in adults with chronic shoulder pain and adults without shoulder pain. The main question is whether adding a small amount of shoulder adduction pressure increases activity of the infraspinatus muscle without increasing activity of the deltoid muscles. Researchers will compare three levels of adduction pressure (0, 5, and 10 mmHg) during the same external rotation exercise. Participants will perform the three exercise conditions in a randomly assigned order while researchers measure shoulder muscle activity using surface electromyography.
Detailed description
Shoulder external rotation exercises are commonly used during shoulder rehabilitation to improve rotator cuff muscle function. Adding isometric shoulder adduction during external rotation may modify the activation of the muscles involved in the exercise, but the effect of different levels of adduction pressure has not been fully established in adults with shoulder pain.
This study was designed to examine whether progressively increasing shoulder adduction pressure during external rotation changes shoulder muscle activation in adults with chronic shoulder pain and adults without shoulder pain. The study used a randomized crossover design, in which each participant performed the same external rotation exercise under three different levels of adduction pressure. The order of the experimental conditions was randomized and balanced to reduce potential effects related to the sequence of conditions.
The study focused primarily on the activation of the infraspinatus muscle, while activity of the deltoid, latissimus dorsi, and middle trapezius muscles was also assessed. Muscle activity was recorded using surface electromyography during the experimental exercise. The study was conducted during a single laboratory session.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 6
- Model description
- This randomized crossover trial included two clinical comparison groups: participants with chronic shoulder pain and pain-free participants. Within each group, participants were randomly assigned to one of six possible sequences of three experimental conditions involving 0, 5, and 10 mmHg of shoulder adduction pressure during the external rotation exercise. Each participant completed all three experimental conditions. Peak muscle activity was recorded using surface electromyography.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Sequence 1: 0-5-10 mmHg | Experimental | Behavioral: Shoulder External Rotation With 0 mmHg Adduction Pressure, Behavioral: Shoulder External Rotation With 5 mmHg Adduction Pressure, Behavioral: Shoulder External Rotation With 10 mmHg Adduction PressureParticipants assigned to this sequence performed the shoulder external rotation exercise under 0 mmHg, 5 mmHg, and 10 mmHg of shoulder adduction pressure, respectively. |
| Sequence 2: 0-10-5 mmHg | Experimental | Behavioral: Shoulder External Rotation With 0 mmHg Adduction Pressure, Behavioral: Shoulder External Rotation With 5 mmHg Adduction Pressure, Behavioral: Shoulder External Rotation With 10 mmHg Adduction PressureParticipants assigned to this sequence performed the shoulder external rotation exercise under 0 mmHg, 10 mmHg, and 5 mmHg of shoulder adduction pressure, respectively. |
| Sequence 3: 5-0-10 mmHg | Experimental | Behavioral: Shoulder External Rotation With 0 mmHg Adduction Pressure, Behavioral: Shoulder External Rotation With 5 mmHg Adduction Pressure, Behavioral: Shoulder External Rotation With 10 mmHg Adduction PressureParticipants assigned to this sequence performed the shoulder external rotation exercise under 5 mmHg, 0 mmHg, and 10 mmHg of shoulder adduction pressure, respectively. |
| Sequence 4: 5-10-0 mmHg | Experimental | Behavioral: Shoulder External Rotation With 0 mmHg Adduction Pressure, Behavioral: Shoulder External Rotation With 5 mmHg Adduction Pressure, Behavioral: Shoulder External Rotation With 10 mmHg Adduction PressureParticipants assigned to this sequence performed the shoulder external rotation exercise under 5 mmHg, 10 mmHg, and 0 mmHg of shoulder adduction pressure, respectively. |
| Sequence 5: 10-0-5 mmHg | Experimental | Behavioral: Shoulder External Rotation With 0 mmHg Adduction Pressure, Behavioral: Shoulder External Rotation With 5 mmHg Adduction Pressure, Behavioral: Shoulder External Rotation With 10 mmHg Adduction PressureParticipants assigned to this sequence performed the shoulder external rotation exercise under 10 mmHg, 0 mmHg, and 5 mmHg of shoulder adduction pressure, respectively. |
| Sequence 6: 10-5-0 mmHg | Experimental | Behavioral: Shoulder External Rotation With 0 mmHg Adduction Pressure, Behavioral: Shoulder External Rotation With 5 mmHg Adduction Pressure, Behavioral: Shoulder External Rotation With 10 mmHg Adduction PressureParticipants assigned to this sequence performed the shoulder external rotation exercise under 10 mmHg, 5 mmHg, and 0 mmHg of shoulder adduction pressure, respectively. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (12 listed)
- Adults aged 18 years or older.
- Medical diagnosis of chronic non-traumatic shoulder pain lasting more than 3 months.
- Resting pain intensity of at least 2 cm on a visual analogue scale (VAS).
- Ability to perform at least 130° of shoulder flexion, 90° of shoulder abduction, and 45° of shoulder external rotation.
- Adults aged 18 years or older.
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- History of neck or upper limb surgery.
- History of glenohumeral instability or upper limb fracture.
- Neck pain or pain in another segment of the upper limb.
- Systemic diseases that could influence shoulder movement or muscle activation, including rheumatoid arthritis or neuromuscular diseases.
- Physical therapy treatment during the previous year for pain in the affected upper limb.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Shoulder External Rotation With 0 mmHg Adduction PressureParticipants performed the shoulder external rotation exercise while maintaining 0 mmHg of isometric shoulder adduction pressure against a biofeedback wedge. The exercise was performed with the shoulder positioned at approximately 45 degrees of external rotation from 0 degrees of glenohumeral rotation. | Behavioural | Sequence 1: 0-5-10 mmHg, Sequence 2: 0-10-5 mmHg, Sequence 3: 5-0-10 mmHg, Sequence 4: 5-10-0 mmHg, Sequence 5: 10-0-5 mmHg, Sequence 6: 10-5-0 mmHg |
| Shoulder External Rotation With 5 mmHg Adduction PressureParticipants performed the shoulder external rotation exercise while maintaining 5 mmHg of isometric shoulder adduction pressure against a biofeedback wedge. The exercise was performed with the shoulder positioned at approximately 45 degrees of external rotation from 0 degrees of glenohumeral rotation. | Behavioural | Sequence 1: 0-5-10 mmHg, Sequence 2: 0-10-5 mmHg, Sequence 3: 5-0-10 mmHg, Sequence 4: 5-10-0 mmHg, Sequence 5: 10-0-5 mmHg, Sequence 6: 10-5-0 mmHg |
| Shoulder External Rotation With 10 mmHg Adduction PressureParticipants performed the shoulder external rotation exercise while maintaining 10 mmHg of isometric shoulder adduction pressure against a biofeedback wedge. The exercise was performed with the shoulder positioned at approximately 45 degrees of external rotation from 0 degrees of glenohumeral rotation. | Behavioural | Sequence 1: 0-5-10 mmHg, Sequence 2: 0-10-5 mmHg, Sequence 3: 5-0-10 mmHg, Sequence 4: 5-10-0 mmHg, Sequence 5: 10-0-5 mmHg, Sequence 6: 10-5-0 mmHg |
Primary outcome
Peak Surface Electromyographic Activity of Shoulder Muscles
Time frame: Day 1. During each experimental condition (0, 5, and 10 mmHg)
Peak surface electromyographic activity of the anterior deltoid, middle deltoid, posterior deltoid, infraspinatus, latissimus dorsi, and middle trapezius during the shoulder external rotation exercise. Electromyographic activity was normalized to the maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and expressed as a percentage of MVIC.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 14 Aug 2026.
- BackgroundBascour-Sandoval, Claudio, Gajardo-Burgos, Rubén, Gálvez-García, Germán, & Barramuño-Medina, Mauricio. (2021). Effect of Adduction During Glenohumeral External Rotation Exercises in the Scapulohumeral Muscles. International Journal of Morphology, 39(5), 1316-1322. https://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95022021000501316
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. Deidentified individual participant data underlying the published results will be shared, including participant-level surface electromyography data and relevant demographic and clinical variables. A data dictionary describing the shared variables will also be provided. Data will be shared in a format that allows appropriate secondary analyses while protecting participant confidentiality.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Germán Gálvez García, PhD principal investigator
Universidad de La Frontera
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Shoulder External Rotation With 0 mmHg Adduction Pressure, Shoulder External Rotation With 5 mmHg Adduction Pressure and Shoulder External Rotation With 10 mmHg Adduction Pressure in people with Chronic Shoulder Pain, run by Universidad de La Frontera at 1 site in Chile.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 12 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 14 Aug 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Chile. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Peak Surface Electromyographic Activity of Shoulder Muscles (time frame: Day 1. During each experimental condition (0, 5, and 10 mmHg)). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07765056, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 14 Aug 2026.