Metacognitive Awareness and Self-Regulated Learning in Nursing StudentsNCT07767695
ChatGPT-Supported Metacognitive Feedback in Nursing Students
A study testing ChatGPT-Supported Metacognitive Feedback and Routine Clinical Education and Traditional Feedback in people with Metacognitive Awareness and Self-Regulated Learning in Nursing Students, run by Izmir Katip Celebi University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This randomized controlled study aims to evaluate the effects of ChatGPT-supported metacognitive feedback on nursing students' metacognitive awareness and self-regulated learning during clinical nursing practice. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Metacognitive Awareness and Self-Regulated Learning in Nursing Students
- What is being tested?
- ChatGPT-Supported Metacognitive Feedback and Routine Clinical Education and Traditional Feedback
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 106 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 10 Feb 2026to 30 Jun 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Age 18 years or older
- Being a fourth-year nursing student at Ege University Faculty of Nursing during the 2025-2026 academic year
- Actively participating in clinical practice during the study period
- Voluntarily agreeing to participate in the study and providing informed consent
- Agreeing to participate in the ChatGPT-supported metacognitive feedback process if assigned to the intervention group
Who cannot join
- Withdrawing from the study at any time
- Incomplete or incorrectly completed pretest or posttest assessments
- Failure to participate regularly in the intervention process, including failure to complete the learning plan and reflective evaluations in the intervention group
- Having a serious health, psychological, or cognitive condition that may affect clinical practice or learning behaviors, based on self-report
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Effects of ChatGPT-Supported Metacognitive Feedback on Nursing Students' Clinical Reasoning and Self-Regulated Learning
This randomized controlled study aims to evaluate the effects of ChatGPT-supported metacognitive feedback on nursing students' metacognitive awareness and self-regulated learning during clinical nursing practice. A total of 140 fourth-year nursing students will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to an intervention group or a control group. Students in the intervention group will receive structured ChatGPT-supported metacognitive feedback based on reflective learning prompts, while students in the control group will continue routine clinical education and receive traditional verbal and written feedback from clinical instructors. Data will be collected before and after the intervention using a demographic information form, the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory, and the Self-Regulated Learning Scale in Clinical Nursing Practice. The study is designed as a pretest-posttest parallel-group randomized controlled trial.
- Being tested
- ChatGPT-Supported Metacognitive Feedback, Routine Clinical Education and Traditional Feedback
- Keywords
- ChatGPT, Metacognitive Feedback, Metacognitive Awareness, Self-Regulated Learning, Nursing Students, Nursing Education, Clinical Nursing Practice
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
ChatGPT-Supported Metacognitive FeedbackBehavioural
Participants assigned to the experimental group will receive ChatGPT-supported metacognitive feedback during clinical nursing practice for up to six weeks. Students will prepare structured reflective texts focusing on their learning goals, strategies, monitoring, and self-evaluation. These reflections will be processed using a researcher-developed metacognitive feedback framework with ChatGPT. ChatGPT will generate metacognitive and Socratic prompts intended to support students' awareness and regulation of their learning processes. No patient-identifying information will be entered into ChatGPT, and ChatGPT will not provide clinical decisions, treatment recommendations, or judgments regarding the correctness of patient care.
Routine Clinical Education and Traditional FeedbackBehavioural
Participants assigned to the control group will continue routine clinical nursing education during the study period. Students will participate in their usual clinical practice and prepare patient education plans as part of their standard educational activities. They will receive traditional verbal and written feedback from clinical instructors and faculty members. No ChatGPT-supported metacognitive feedback will be provided to the control group during the intervention period.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| ChatGPT-Supported Metacognitive Feedback | Experimental | Participants in this arm will receive ChatGPT-supported metacognitive feedback during clinical nursing practice. Students will prepare brief reflective texts about their learning processes, and these reflections will be evaluated through a structured metacognitive feedback framework using ChatGPT. The feedback will focus on planning, monitoring, and evaluating learning strategies and will not provide clinical decisions, treatment recommendations, or judgments about the correctness of patient care. Receives: Behavioral: ChatGPT-Supported Metacognitive Feedback |
| Routine Clinical Education | Active comparator | Participants in this arm will continue routine clinical nursing education. They will prepare patient education plans as part of their usual clinical practice and will receive traditional verbal and written feedback from clinical instructors and faculty members. No ChatGPT-supported metacognitive feedback will be provided during the study period. Receives: Behavioral: Routine Clinical Education and Traditional Feedback |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in Metacognitive Awareness
Metacognitive awareness will be assessed using the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory. The inventory evaluates metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive regulation. Higher scores indicate higher levels of metacognitive awareness. Changes in scores from baseline to post-intervention will be compared between the intervention and control groups.
Measured: Baseline and immediately after the 6-week intervention
Change in Self-Regulated Learning in Clinical Nursing Practice
Self-regulated learning will be assessed using the Self-Regulated Learning Scale in Clinical Nursing Practice. The 16-item scale includes motivation and learning strategies domains. Higher scores indicate higher levels of self-regulated learning. Changes in scores from baseline to post-intervention will be compared between the intervention and control groups.
Measured: Baseline and immediately after the 6-week intervention
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted17 Aug 2026
- Study start10 Feb 2026
- Primary completion30 Jun 2026
- Study completion30 Jun 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Metacognitive Awareness and Self-Regulated Learning in Nursing StudentsStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 106 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Izmir Katip Celebi University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Devrim Özge YILMAZ, Izmir Katip Celebi University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07767695
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- CGPT-MF-2026-01
- Status last verified
- Oct 2026
- First submitted
- 12 Aug 2026
- Last updated
- 23 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 23 Oct 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of ChatGPT-Supported Metacognitive Feedback on Nursing Students' Clinical Reasoning and Self-Regulated Learning
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07767695
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- CGPT-MF-2026-01
- Keywords
- ChatGPT, Metacognitive Feedback, Metacognitive Awareness, Self-Regulated Learning, Nursing Students, Nursing Education, Clinical Nursing Practice
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 106 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Izmir Katip Celebi UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 10 Feb 2026 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Jun 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Jun 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 17 Aug 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This randomized controlled study aims to evaluate the effects of ChatGPT-supported metacognitive feedback on nursing students' metacognitive awareness and self-regulated learning during clinical nursing practice. A total of 140 fourth-year nursing students will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to an intervention group or a control group. Students in the intervention group will receive structured ChatGPT-supported metacognitive feedback based on reflective learning prompts, while students in the control group will continue routine clinical education and receive traditional verbal and written feedback from clinical instructors. Data will be collected before and after the intervention using a demographic information form, the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory, and the Self-Regulated Learning Scale in Clinical Nursing Practice. The study is designed as a pretest-posttest parallel-group randomized controlled trial.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| ChatGPT-Supported Metacognitive Feedback | Experimental | Behavioral: ChatGPT-Supported Metacognitive FeedbackParticipants in this arm will receive ChatGPT-supported metacognitive feedback during clinical nursing practice. Students will prepare brief reflective texts about their learning processes, and these reflections will be evaluated through a structured metacognitive feedback framework using ChatGPT. The feedback will focus on planning, monitoring, and evaluating learning strategies and will not provide clinical decisions, treatment recommendations, or judgments about the correctness of patient care. |
| Routine Clinical Education | Active comparator | Behavioral: Routine Clinical Education and Traditional FeedbackParticipants in this arm will continue routine clinical nursing education. They will prepare patient education plans as part of their usual clinical practice and will receive traditional verbal and written feedback from clinical instructors and faculty members. No ChatGPT-supported metacognitive feedback will be provided during the study period. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Age 18 years or older
- Being a fourth-year nursing student at Ege University Faculty of Nursing during the 2025-2026 academic year
- Actively participating in clinical practice during the study period
- Voluntarily agreeing to participate in the study and providing informed consent
- Agreeing to participate in the ChatGPT-supported metacognitive feedback process if assigned to the intervention group
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Withdrawing from the study at any time
- Incomplete or incorrectly completed pretest or posttest assessments
- Failure to participate regularly in the intervention process, including failure to complete the learning plan and reflective evaluations in the intervention group
- Having a serious health, psychological, or cognitive condition that may affect clinical practice or learning behaviors, based on self-report
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| ChatGPT-Supported Metacognitive FeedbackParticipants assigned to the experimental group will receive ChatGPT-supported metacognitive feedback during clinical nursing practice for up to six weeks. Students will prepare structured reflective texts focusing on their learning goals, strategies, monitoring, and self-evaluation. These reflections will be processed using a researcher-developed metacognitive feedback framework with ChatGPT. ChatGPT will generate metacognitive and Socratic prompts intended to support students' awareness and regulation of their learning processes. No patient-identifying information will be entered into ChatGPT, and ChatGPT will not provide clinical decisions, treatment recommendations, or judgments regarding the correctness of patient care. | Behavioural | ChatGPT-Supported Metacognitive Feedback |
| Routine Clinical Education and Traditional FeedbackParticipants assigned to the control group will continue routine clinical nursing education during the study period. Students will participate in their usual clinical practice and prepare patient education plans as part of their standard educational activities. They will receive traditional verbal and written feedback from clinical instructors and faculty members. No ChatGPT-supported metacognitive feedback will be provided to the control group during the intervention period. | Behavioural | Routine Clinical Education |
Primary outcome
Change in Metacognitive Awareness
Time frame: Baseline and immediately after the 6-week intervention
Metacognitive awareness will be assessed using the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory. The inventory evaluates metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive regulation. Higher scores indicate higher levels of metacognitive awareness. Changes in scores from baseline to post-intervention will be compared between the intervention and control groups.
Change in Self-Regulated Learning in Clinical Nursing Practice
Time frame: Baseline and immediately after the 6-week intervention
Self-regulated learning will be assessed using the Self-Regulated Learning Scale in Clinical Nursing Practice. The 16-item scale includes motivation and learning strategies domains. Higher scores indicate higher levels of self-regulated learning. Changes in scores from baseline to post-intervention will be compared between the intervention and control groups.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 23 Oct 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing ChatGPT-Supported Metacognitive Feedback and Routine Clinical Education and Traditional Feedback in people with Metacognitive Awareness and Self-Regulated Learning in Nursing Students, run by Izmir Katip Celebi University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 23 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in Metacognitive Awareness (time frame: Baseline and immediately after the 6-week intervention). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 23 Oct 2026.