Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)Phase 2AB-TCZNCT07774247
Atezolizumab, Bevacizumab, and Tocilizumab in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
A Phase 2 study testing Atezolizumab, Bevacizumab and Tocilizumab in people with Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC), run by CHA University at 1 site in South Korea.
Trial summary
This is a Phase 2, open-label, single-arm, multicenter study designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of atezolizumab, bevacizumab, and tocilizumab in patients with locally advanced, metastatic, and/or unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 19 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)
- What is being tested?
- Atezolizumab, Bevacizumab and Tocilizumab
- Type of treatment
- Injection or infusion
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 51 participants
- Where
- 1 siteSouth Korea
- Study dates
- 1 Sep 2026to 1 Sep 2029
- Phase
- Phase 2
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 19 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Histologically, cytologically, or radiologically confirmed diagnosis of locally advanced, metastatic, and/or unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
- Age ≥19 years at the time of signing the informed consent form (ICF).
- Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1 within 7 days prior to the first dose of study drug.
- Child-Pugh class A (score 5-6) within 7 days prior to the first dose of study drug.
- Disease not amenable to curative surgical and/or locoregional therapy.
- Patients who have experienced disease progression after prior surgical and/or locoregional therapy are eligible.
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- Ability to provide written informed consent prior to initiation of any study-specific procedures, including agreement to comply with the requirements and restrictions listed in this protocol.
- No prior systemic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma, including investigational agents.
- Prior use of herbal or traditional medicines with known or potential anticancer activity is permitted only if discontinued prior to initiation of study treatment.
- Estimated life expectancy of at least 3 months.
- At least one measurable lesion according to RECIST version 1.1.
- Patients who have received prior locoregional therapy (e.g., radiofrequency ablation, percutaneous ethanol or acetic acid injection, cryoablation, high-intensity focused ultrasound, transarterial chemoembolization, or transarterial embolization) are eligible if the target lesion has not been previously treated or if the lesion has demonstrated progression within the treated area per RECIST v1.1.
- Adequate hematologic and organ function, as defined by the following laboratory values obtained within 7 days prior to the first dose of study drug (no blood transfusion or albumin administration within 2 weeks prior to or during screening to meet eligibility criteria).
- Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1.5 x 109/L (≥1500/μL)
- Lymphocyte count ≥ 0.5 x 109/L (≥500/μL)
- Platelet count ≥ 100 x 109/L (≥100,000/μL)
- Hemoglobin ≥ 90 g/L (≥9.0 g/dL)
- AST, ALT, and ALP ≤ 5 x ULN
- Total bilirubin ≤ 3 x ULN
- Serum creatinine ≤ 1.5 x ULN or creatinine clearance ≥50 mL/min (calculated using the Cockcroft-Gault formula)
- Albumin ≥ 28 g/L (≥2.8 g/dL)
- For patients not receiving anticoagulants: INR or aPTT ≤1.5 x ULN, patients receiving low-molecular-weight heparin are eligible.
- Documented hepatitis virus status based on screening tests for HBV and HCV.
- For patients with active HBV infection: HBV DNA <500 IU/mL during screening, initiation of antiviral therapy at least 14 days prior to the first dose of study drug, and willingness to continue antiviral therapy throughout the study.
- For patients with active or prior HCV infection: negative HCV RNA (PCR).
- Patients with co-infection of HBV and HCV are not eligible.
- Reproductive status:
- Female patients must not be pregnant or breastfeeding.
- Negative serum pregnancy test within 72 hours prior to the first dose of study drug.
- Female patients must agree not to breastfeed from the time of consent until at least 6 months after the last dose of study drug.
- Females of childbearing potential and non-sterilized males must agree to use two effective methods of contraception during the study and for at least 6 months after the last dose.
- Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥50% as assessed by echocardiogram or MUGA scan, with no severe valvular disease or clinically significant arrhythmia.
- Corrected QT interval using Fridericia's formula (QTcF) ≤470 msec.
- Willingness to provide blood samples.
Who cannot join
- Prior systemic therapy for locally advanced, metastatic, and/or unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma, including chemotherapy, biologic therapy, immunotherapy, hormonal therapy, or investigational agents.
- Prior adjuvant therapy is permitted if disease recurrence occurred at least 6 months after completion of the last treatment, including adjuvant therapy and radiotherapy.
- Presence of multiple primary malignancies.
- Exceptions include completely resected basal cell carcinoma, stage I squamous cell carcinoma, carcinoma in situ, intramucosal carcinoma, superficial bladder cancer, or other malignancies with no recurrence for ≥5 years.
- Known fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma, sarcomatoid hepatocellular carcinoma, or mixed hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma.
- Untreated or incompletely treated esophageal or gastric varices with bleeding or high risk of bleeding: Patients must undergo esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) prior to enrollment, and all varices must be evaluated and treated according to institutional standard of care. If evaluation has been performed within 6 months prior to the first dose of study drug, repeat evaluation is not required.
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- Residual toxicities from prior therapy that, in the investigator's opinion, may interfere with safety evaluation of the study drug, or patients for whom the possibility of surgical resection cannot be completely excluded at the time of enrollment.
- History of severe hypersensitivity reactions to other monoclonal antibody products.
- Prior exposure to or hypersensitivity to anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, anti-PD-L2, anti-CD137 antibodies, or other agents targeting T-cell regulation.
- Known hypersensitivity or allergy to atezolizumab, bevacizumab, or tocilizumab.
- Active autoimmune disease or a history of chronic or recurrent autoimmune disease, or use of systemic immunosuppressive medications within 2 weeks prior to the first dose of study drug.
- Patients with hypothyroidism requiring only hormone replacement therapy, vitiligo, psoriasis not requiring systemic treatment, or other conditions deemed stable and safe by the investigator may be eligible.
- Patients with primary or secondary immunodeficiency or active immunodeficiency are excluded.
- Current or prior history of interstitial lung disease or pulmonary fibrosis diagnosed based on imaging or clinical findings.
- Patients with radiation pneumonitis may be eligible if clinically stable (beyond the acute phase) without concern for recurrence.
- Known central nervous system (CNS) metastases.
- Presence of clinically significant pericardial effusion, pleural effusion, or ascites requiring treatment.
- Uncontrolled tumor-related pain: patients requiring chronic use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for pain control during study treatment are excluded.
- History of transient ischemic attack or cerebrovascular accident within 180 days prior to enrollment.
- History of significant cardiovascular disease, including any of the following:
- Myocardial infarction within 180 days prior to enrollment.
- Uncontrolled angina within 180 days prior to enrollment
- Congestive heart failure classified as New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III or IV.
- Uncontrolled hypertension despite appropriate medical management (e.g., systolic blood pressure ≥150 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg persisting for ≥24 hours).
- Arrhythmia requiring treatment.
- Significant vascular disease, including recent peripheral arterial thrombosis or aneurysm requiring surgical intervention.
- Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.
- Systemic infection requiring treatment within 14 days prior to the first dose of study drug and treated with intravenous antibiotics (prophylactic use of oral antibiotics is permitted).
- Use of systemic corticosteroids (>10 mg/day of prednisolone or equivalent) or other immunosuppressive medications within 28 days prior to the first dose of study drug (excluding short-term use for diagnostic, prophylactic, or similar purposes).
- Patients who received anticancer therapy (e.g., cytotoxic chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy) within 28 days prior to the first dose of study drug.
- Adjuvant therapy completed more than 6 months prior is permitted.
- Pleurodesis or pericardiodesis within 28 days prior to the first dose of study drug.
- Current or recent (within 2 weeks) use of aspirin (>325 mg/day) or antiplatelet agents such as clopidogrel, dipyridamole, ticlopidine, or cilostazol for therapeutic purposes: prophylactic anticoagulation is permitted if INR <1.5 × ULN and aPTT is within normal limits.
- Major surgery under general anesthesia within 28 days prior to the first dose of study drug.
- Surgery under local anesthesia within 14 days prior to the first dose of study drug.
- Palliative radiotherapy within 28 days prior to the first dose of study drug, or radiotherapy to bone metastases within 14 days prior to the first dose.
- Positive test for any of the following:
- HIV-1 antibody, HIV-2 antibody.
- Pregnant or breastfeeding patients, or those with a possibility of pregnancy or plans to become pregnant.
- Patients who received unapproved or investigational agents (e.g., investigational drugs, unapproved drug combinations, or unapproved formulations) within 28 days prior to enrollment.
- Patients deemed unable to provide informed consent due to comorbid conditions such as dementia.
- Patients unable or unwilling to sign the informed consent form.
- Known pre-existing central nervous system demyelinating disorders or seizure disorders.
- Known active diverticulitis, chronic ulcerative lower gastrointestinal disease (e.g., Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis), or other symptomatic lower gastrointestinal conditions that may predispose patients to gastrointestinal perforation.
- Current active infection or history of recurrent infections, including but not limited to tuberculosis, atypical mycobacterial infection, herpes zoster, or other bacterial, viral, fungal, or mycobacterial infections (excluding fungal nail bed infections).
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
South Korea1 site
CHA Bundang Medical Center
Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13496
Hong Jae Chon, MD. PhD, +82-31-780-3928, minidoctor@cha.ac.kr
Hong Jae Chon, MD. PhD
About this study
Official title: A Multicenter, Phase II Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Atezolizumab, Bevacizumab, and Tocilizumab in Patients With Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
This is a Phase 2, open-label, single-arm, multicenter study designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of atezolizumab, bevacizumab, and tocilizumab in patients with locally advanced, metastatic, and/or unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Approximately 51 patients will be enrolled at 6 study sites and will receive combination therapy consisting of atezolizumab, bevacizumab, and tocilizumab. Patients assigned to the study will receive atezolizumab 1,200 mg intravenously and bevacizumab 15 mg/kg intravenously on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle, alongside tocilizumab 4 mg/kg intravenously on Day 1 of each 42-day cycle for up to 5 doses. Treatment will continue until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, withdrawal of consent, or other protocol-defined discontinuation criteria are met. The study population includes adult patients with locally advanced, metastatic, and/or unresectable HCC who have received no prior systemic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Eligible patients must have histologically, cytologically, or radiologically confirmed diagnosis, at least one measurable lesion according to RECIST version 1.1, Child-Pugh class A liver function, ECOG performance status 0 or 1, and adequate organ function. The primary objective is to assess the incidence of Grade 3 or higher immune-related adverse events (irAEs) occurring within 24 weeks after treatment initiation according to NCI CTCAE version 5.0. Secondary objectives include evaluation of objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) according to RECIST v1.1, progression-free survival, overall survival, and the rate of treatment discontinuation due to adverse events. Safety evaluations will include assessment of adverse events, serious adverse events, laboratory parameters, vital signs, and other clinical assessments. Exploratory objectives include evaluation of the correlation between treatment response and serum inflammatory markers (such as IL-6 and CRP) and immune cell profiles using blood samples collected at protocol-defined intervals. Tumor assessments will be performed at protocol-defined intervals using radiologic imaging every 6 weeks from Cycle 1 Day 1 up to Week 54, and every 9 weeks thereafter. The primary efficacy analysis will be based on the Full Analysis Set according to RECIST v1.1. This study is intended to evaluate the clinical activity and safety profile of prophylactic tocilizumab in combination with atezolizumab and bevacizumab in this patient population and to generate data to inform future clinical development.
- Conditions
- Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)
- Being tested
- Atezolizumab, Bevacizumab, Tocilizumab
- Keywords
- HCC, IL-6, Immunotherapy, Tocilizumab
- Medical subject headings
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
AtezolizumabDrug
Atezolizumab will be administered intravenously at a fixed dose of 1,200 mg on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle. The initial infusion will be administered over 60 (±5) minutes. Subsequent infusions may be administered over 30 (±5) minutes if well tolerated, or 60 (±5) minutes if infusion-related reactions occurred previously.
BevacizumabDrug
Bevacizumab will be administered intravenously at a dose of 15 mg/kg on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle. The initial infusion will be administered over 90 (±5) minutes. If well tolerated, the second infusion may be administered over 60 (±5) minutes, and subsequent infusions over 30 (±5) minutes. Bevacizumab must be administered at least 5 minutes after completion of atezolizumab infusion. Bevacizumab should be administered ≥3 days after biopsy and only after adequate wound healing is confirmed.
TocilizumabDrug
Tocilizumab will be administered intravenously at a dose of 4 mg/kg over at least 60 minutes on Day 1 of each 42-day cycle, for up to 5 doses. On C1D1, tocilizumab will be administered at least 60 minutes after completion of bevacizumab infusion. In subsequent cycles, if the previous bevacizumab infusion was well tolerated without premedication, tocilizumab may be administered ≥30 minutes after bevacizumab. If infusion-related reactions occurred, tocilizumab must be administered ≥60 minutes after bevacizumab.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Atezolizumab + Bevacizumab + Tocilizumab | Experimental | Patients will receive atezolizumab 1,200 mg intravenously on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle and bevacizumab 15 mg/kg intravenously on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle, administered until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or a maximum duration of 2 years. In addition, patients will receive prophylactic tocilizumab 4 mg/kg intravenously on Day 1 of each 42-day cycle (every 6 weeks) for up to a maximum of 5 doses. Receives: Drug: Atezolizumab; Drug: Bevacizumab; Drug: Tocilizumab |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Incidence of grade ≥3 immune-related adverse events (irAEs) within 24 weeks after treatment initiation
Incidence of Grade 3 or higher immune-related adverse events (irAEs) occurring after treatment initiation, evaluated according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI CTCAE) version 5.0.
Measured: Within 24 weeks after treatment initiation.
Secondary outcomes (5)
Objective Response Rate (ORR) by Investigator According to RECIST v1.1
ORR is defined as the proportion of participants with a best overall response of CR or PR, as assessed by the investigator according to RECIST v1.1.
Measured: From baseline (Cycle 1 Day 1) until disease progression or end of treatment, assessed every 6 weeks through Week 54 and every 9 weeks thereafter, up to 2 years.
Disease Control Rate (DCR) by Investigator According to RECIST v1.1
DCR is defined as the proportion of participants with a best overall response of CR, PR, or stable disease (SD), as assessed by the investigator according to RECIST v1.1.
Measured: From baseline (Cycle 1 Day 1) until disease progression or end of treatment, assessed every 6 weeks through Week 54 and every 9 weeks thereafter, up to 2 years
Progression-Free Survival (PFS)
PFS is defined as the time from the first dose of study treatment to the date of first documented disease progression according to RECIST version 1.1 or death from any cause, whichever occurs first.
Measured: From the first dose of study treatment until first documented disease progression or death from any cause, up to approximately 36 months
Overall Survival (OS)
OS is defined as the time from the first dose of study treatment to the date of death from any cause.
Measured: From the first dose of study treatment up to the end of study follow-up (up to approximately 36 months)
Rate of Treatment Discontinuation Due to Adverse Events
The proportion of participants who permanently discontinue study treatment (atezolizumab, bevacizumab, and/or tocilizumab) due to treatment-related adverse events.
Measured: From the first dose until 28 days after the last dose of study treatment (up to approximately 2 years)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted19 Aug 2026
- Study start1 Sep 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion1 Sep 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion1 Sep 2029 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (28)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)Studies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 51 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- CHA University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Hong Jae Chon, CHA University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07774247
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2026-01-046
- Acronym
- AB-TCZ
- Status last verified
- Aug 2026
- First submitted
- 14 Aug 2026
- Last updated
- 19 Aug 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018 Nov;68(6):394-424. doi: 10.3322/caac.21492. Epub 2018 Sep 12.
PubMed 30207593Singal AG, Llovet JM, Yarchoan M, Mehta N, Heimbach JK, Dawson LA, Jou JH, Kulik LM, Agopian VG, Marrero JA, Mendiratta-Lala M, Brown DB, Rilling WS, Goyal L, Wei AC, Taddei TH. AASLD Practice Guidance on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology. 2023 Dec 1;78(6):1922-1965. doi: 10.1097/HEP.0000000000000466. Epub 2023 May 22. No abstract available.
PubMed 37199193Llovet JM, Kelley RK, Villanueva A, Singal AG, Pikarsky E, Roayaie S, Lencioni R, Koike K, Zucman-Rossi J, Finn RS. Hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2021 Jan 21;7(1):6. doi: 10.1038/s41572-020-00240-3.
PubMed 33479224Lazzaro A, Hartshorn KL. A Comprehensive Narrative Review on the History, Current Landscape, and Future Directions of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) Systemic Therapy. Cancers (Basel). 2023 Apr 27;15(9):2506. doi: 10.3390/cancers15092506.
PubMed 37173972Senthilnathan S, Memon K, Lewandowski RJ, Kulik L, Mulcahy MF, Riaz A, Miller FH, Yaghmai V, Nikolaidis P, Wang E, Baker T, Abecassis M, Benson AB 3rd, Omary RA, Salem R. Extrahepatic metastases occur in a minority of hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with locoregional therapies: analyzing patterns of progression in 285 patients. Hepatology. 2012 May;55(5):1432-42. doi: 10.1002/hep.24812. Epub 2012 Apr 4.
PubMed 22109811Finn RS, Qin S, Ikeda M, Galle PR, Ducreux M, Kim TY, Kudo M, Breder V, Merle P, Kaseb AO, Li D, Verret W, Xu DZ, Hernandez S, Liu J, Huang C, Mulla S, Wang Y, Lim HY, Zhu AX, Cheng AL; IMbrave150 Investigators. Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2020 May 14;382(20):1894-1905. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1915745.
PubMed 32402160Abou-Alfa GK, Lau G, Kudo M, Chan SL, Kelley RK, Furuse J, Sukeepaisarnjaroen W, Kang YK, Van Dao T, De Toni EN, Rimassa L, Breder V, Vasilyev A, Heurgue A, Tam VC, Mody K, Thungappa SC, Ostapenko Y, Yau T, Azevedo S, Varela M, Cheng AL, Qin S, Galle PR, Ali S, Marcovitz M, Makowsky M, He P, Kurland JF, Negro A, Sangro B. Tremelimumab plus Durvalumab in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma. NEJM Evid. 2022 Aug;1(8):EVIDoa2100070. doi: 10.1056/EVIDoa2100070. Epub 2022 Jun 6.
PubMed 38319892Yau T, Galle PR, Decaens T, Sangro B, Qin S, da Fonseca LG, Karachiwala H, Blanc JF, Park JW, Gane E, Pinter M, Pena AM, Ikeda M, Tai D, Santoro A, Pizarro G, Chiu CF, Schenker M, He A, Chon HJ, Wojcik-Tomaszewska J, Verset G, Wang QQ, Stromko C, Neely J, Singh P, Jimenez Exposito MJ, Kudo M; CheckMate 9DW investigators. Nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus lenvatinib or sorafenib as first-line treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (CheckMate 9DW): an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2025 May 24;405(10492):1851-1864. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(25)00403-9. Epub 2025 May 8.
PubMed 40349714Tian JC, Liu H, Yan LJ, Ding ZN, Han CL, Tian BW, Tan SY, Dong ZR, Wang DX, Xue JS, Mao XC, Yan YC, Li T. Adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Med. 2023 Oct;23(6):2115-2129. doi: 10.1007/s10238-022-00938-6. Epub 2022 Nov 16.
PubMed 36385419Fehrenbacher L, Spira A, Ballinger M, Kowanetz M, Vansteenkiste J, Mazieres J, Park K, Smith D, Artal-Cortes A, Lewanski C, Braiteh F, Waterkamp D, He P, Zou W, Chen DS, Yi J, Sandler A, Rittmeyer A; POPLAR Study Group. Atezolizumab versus docetaxel for patients with previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer (POPLAR): a multicentre, open-label, phase 2 randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2016 Apr 30;387(10030):1837-46. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00587-0. Epub 2016 Mar 10.
PubMed 26970723Rosenberg JE, Hoffman-Censits J, Powles T, van der Heijden MS, Balar AV, Necchi A, Dawson N, O'Donnell PH, Balmanoukian A, Loriot Y, Srinivas S, Retz MM, Grivas P, Joseph RW, Galsky MD, Fleming MT, Petrylak DP, Perez-Gracia JL, Burris HA, Castellano D, Canil C, Bellmunt J, Bajorin D, Nickles D, Bourgon R, Frampton GM, Cui N, Mariathasan S, Abidoye O, Fine GD, Dreicer R. Atezolizumab in patients with locally advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma who have progressed following treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy: a single-arm, multicentre, phase 2 trial. Lancet. 2016 May 7;387(10031):1909-20. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00561-4. Epub 2016 Mar 4.
PubMed 26952546Willett CG, Boucher Y, di Tomaso E, Duda DG, Munn LL, Tong RT, Chung DC, Sahani DV, Kalva SP, Kozin SV, Mino M, Cohen KS, Scadden DT, Hartford AC, Fischman AJ, Clark JW, Ryan DP, Zhu AX, Blaszkowsky LS, Chen HX, Shellito PC, Lauwers GY, Jain RK. Direct evidence that the VEGF-specific antibody bevacizumab has antivascular effects in human rectal cancer. Nat Med. 2004 Feb;10(2):145-7. doi: 10.1038/nm988. Epub 2004 Jan 25.
PubMed 14745444Chan LL, Kwong TT, Yau JCW, Chan SL. Treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma after immunotherapy. Ann Hepatol. 2025 Jul-Dec;30(2):101781. doi: 10.1016/j.aohep.2025.101781. Epub 2025 Feb 8.
PubMed 39929474Wolchok JD, Chiarion-Sileni V, Gonzalez R, Rutkowski P, Grob JJ, Cowey CL, Lao CD, Wagstaff J, Schadendorf D, Ferrucci PF, Smylie M, Dummer R, Hill A, Hogg D, Haanen J, Carlino MS, Bechter O, Maio M, Marquez-Rodas I, Guidoboni M, McArthur G, Lebbe C, Ascierto PA, Long GV, Cebon J, Sosman J, Postow MA, Callahan MK, Walker D, Rollin L, Bhore R, Hodi FS, Larkin J. Overall Survival with Combined Nivolumab and Ipilimumab in Advanced Melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2017 Oct 5;377(14):1345-1356. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1709684. Epub 2017 Sep 11.
PubMed 28889792Lebbe C, Meyer N, Mortier L, Marquez-Rodas I, Robert C, Rutkowski P, Menzies AM, Eigentler T, Ascierto PA, Smylie M, Schadendorf D, Ajaz M, Svane IM, Gonzalez R, Rollin L, Lord-Bessen J, Saci A, Grigoryeva E, Pigozzo J. Evaluation of Two Dosing Regimens for Nivolumab in Combination With Ipilimumab in Patients With Advanced Melanoma: Results From the Phase IIIb/IV CheckMate 511 Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2019 Apr 10;37(11):867-875. doi: 10.1200/JCO.18.01998. Epub 2019 Feb 27.
PubMed 30811280