Health Adult SubjectsNCT07783997
Thrower's Ten Versus Conventional Conditioning in Amateur Discus Throwers
An observational study of Health Adult Subjects, run by Saveetha University at 1 site in India.
Trial summary
This retrospective observational study compares the association of Thrower's Ten training and conventional conditioning with throwing performance and shoulder muscle strength in amateur male discus throwers. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 25 years, men onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Health Adult Subjects
- What is being tested?
- Thrower's Ten exercise program and Conventional conditioning program
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- How many people
- 32 participants
- Where
- 1 siteIndia
- Study dates
- 1 Sep 2025to 20 Oct 2025
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 25 years
- Men only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Study population: Amateur male discus throwers aged 18-25 years whose previously completed training and performance records were available for retrospective analysis. Participants belonged to either the Thrower's Ten conditioning cohort or the conventional conditioning cohort.
Who may be able to join
- Male amateur discus throwers aged 18-25 years.
- Participants who participated in either the Thrower's Ten conditioning programme or the conventional conditioning programme.
- Participants with the required baseline, Week 4, and Week 8 outcome records available for analysis.
Who cannot join
- Participants with incomplete outcome records required for the analysis.
- Participants who did not complete the required training programme or assessment schedule.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
India1 site
Saveetha Medical College and Hospital [SMCH]
Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602105
About this study
Official title: Association of Thrower's Ten Conditioning With Changes in Throwing Distance and Shoulder Strength in Amateur Male Discus Throwers: a Retrospective Cohort Study
This retrospective observational study compares the association of Thrower's Ten training and conventional conditioning with throwing performance and shoulder muscle strength in amateur male discus throwers. The study uses previously completed training and performance records from athletes who participated in one of two conditioning programmes. Throwing distance and shoulder muscle strength were assessed at baseline, during the training period, and at the end of the training period. The primary outcome is change in discus-throwing distance. Secondary outcomes include changes in shoulder muscle strength. The study aims to determine whether athletes who participated in the Thrower's Ten programme showed different changes in throwing performance and shoulder strength compared with athletes who participated in conventional conditioning.
Read the detailed description
This is a retrospective observational comparative study evaluating previously completed training records of amateur male discus throwers. The study compares athletes who participated in a Thrower's Ten-based conditioning programme with athletes who participated in conventional conditioning. Participant allocation to the training programmes was not performed prospectively according to a research randomization protocol; programme assignment was primarily related to scheduling and facility availability.
The analysis includes athletes for whom complete records were available for the relevant assessment time points. The primary outcome is discus-throwing distance. Secondary outcomes comprise shoulder muscle strength measured using manual muscle testing. Outcome assessments were available at baseline and subsequent assessment points during the training period, including the end-of-training assessment.
The primary analysis evaluates differences in the pattern of change over time between the two training groups using a mixed-design analysis of variance, with the time-by-group interaction representing the principal longitudinal comparison. Multiple outcomes were considered and a Bonferroni-adjusted significance threshold was applied. Difference-in-change estimates and confidence intervals were also calculated. Exploratory covariate-adjusted sensitivity analyses were performed for selected outcomes.
Because the study is based on previously completed records, the findings represent associations between participation in the respective training programmes and changes in throwing performance and shoulder strength. The study does not establish that the Thrower's Ten exercise content alone caused the observed differences. Differences in programme progression and unmeasured training factors, including throwing volume, may have contributed to the observed results.
The study is intended to provide preliminary evidence regarding the relationship between a structured Thrower's Ten-based conditioning programme and performance-related outcomes in amateur male discus throwers and to inform future prospective controlled studies.
- Conditions
- Health Adult Subjects
- Being tested
- Thrower's Ten exercise program, Conventional conditioning program
- Keywords
- Thrower's Ten, Discus Throwing, Shoulder Muscle Strength, Throwing Performance, Conventional Conditioning, Strength Training, Sports Conditioning, Amateur Athletes, Shoulder Strength
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Thrower's Ten exercise programBehavioural
An 8-week Thrower's Ten conditioning program for amateur male discus throwers, consisting of supervised shoulder strengthening and flexibility exercises performed 3 sessions per week for 30 minutes per session. The program was based on the Thrower's Ten exercise series and incorporated progressive resistance during the training period. The program was administered as part of the athletes' routine conditioning.
Conventional conditioning programBehavioural
An 8-week conventional conditioning program consisting of shoulder strengthening and flexibility exercises, including prone horizontal abduction, horizontal abduction at 90° external rotation, side-lying external rotation, standing row, military press, towel stretch, crossover arm stretch, and sleeper stretch. Training was performed 3 sessions per week for 30 minutes per session. Progression in the conventional cohort was determined at the discretion of the trainer.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Thrower's Ten Conditioning Group | Amateur male discus throwers who participated in the Thrower's Ten-based conditioning programme. The cohort was identified retrospectively from previously completed training records. Outcomes included discus-throwing distance and shoulder muscle strength assessed at the available study time points. Receives: Behavioral: Thrower's Ten exercise program | |
| Conventional Conditioning Group | Amateur male discus throwers who participated in the conventional conditioning programme. The cohort was identified retrospectively from previously completed training records. Outcomes included discus-throwing distance and shoulder muscle strength assessed at the available study time points. Receives: Behavioral: Conventional conditioning program |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Discus-Throwing Distance
Discus-throwing distance measured in metres. Athletes performed three legal discus throws following a standardised warm-up, with 1-2 minutes of rest between attempts. The longest valid throw was recorded. Two trained evaluators independently identified the initial ground-contact point and measured the throwing distance using a standard measuring tape.
Measured: Baseline (Week 0), Week 4, and Week 8
Secondary outcomes (5)
Isometric Shoulder Flexor Muscle Strength
Isometric shoulder flexor muscle strength measured using the Modified Sphygmomanometer Test (MST). Strength was assessed by a trained assessor and recorded in mmHg.
Measured: Baseline (Week 0), Week 4, and Week 8
Isometric Shoulder Extensor Muscle Strength
Isometric shoulder extensor muscle strength measured using the Modified Sphygmomanometer Test (MST). Strength was assessed by a trained assessor and recorded in mmHg.
Measured: Baseline (Week 0), Week 4, and Week 8
Isometric Shoulder Abductor Muscle Strength
Isometric shoulder abductor muscle strength measured using the Modified Sphygmomanometer Test (MST). Strength was assessed by a trained assessor and recorded in mmHg.
Measured: Baseline (Week 0), Week 4, and Week 8
Isometric Shoulder Internal Rotator Muscle Strength
Isometric shoulder internal rotator muscle strength measured using the Modified Sphygmomanometer Test (MST). Strength was assessed by a trained assessor and recorded in mmHg.
Measured: Baseline (Week 0), Week 4, and Week 8
Isometric Shoulder External Rotator Muscle Strength
Isometric shoulder external rotator muscle strength measured using the Modified Sphygmomanometer Test (MST). Strength was assessed by a trained assessor and recorded in mmHg.
Measured: Baseline (Week 0), Week 4, and Week 8
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted25 Aug 2026
- Study start1 Sep 2025
- Primary completion27 Sep 2025
- Study completion20 Oct 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (8)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Health Adult SubjectsStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Retrospective
- Enrolment
- 32 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Saveetha University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Mohamed Sahal, Saveetha University
- Investigators
- Shenbaga Sundaram Subramanian, Principal investigator, Saveetha College of Physiotherapy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07783997
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 028/10/2024/ISRB/UGSR/SCPT
- Status last verified
- Aug 2026
- First submitted
- 19 Aug 2026
- Last updated
- 27 Aug 2026
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Individual participant-level data will not be shared publicly because the study involves retrospective analysis of participant records and sharing individual-level data may compromise participant confidentiality and privacy. De-identified aggregate results are reported in the manuscript. Data may be made available in accordance with institutional policies and applicable ethical and data-protection requirements upon reasonable request.
Publications
von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gotzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP; STROBE Initiative. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. PLoS Med. 2007 Oct 16;4(10):e296. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040296.
PubMed 17941714Souza LA, Martins JC, Moura JB, Teixeira-Salmela LF, De Paula FV, Faria CD. Assessment of muscular strength with the modified sphygmomanometer test: what is the best method and source of outcome values? Braz J Phys Ther. 2014 Mar-Apr;18(2):191-200. doi: 10.1590/s1413-35552012005000149.
PubMed 24839045Brito SAF, Santana MM, Benfica PDA, Aguiar LT, Gomes GC, Faria CDCM. The modified sphygmomanometer test for assessment of muscle strength of community-dwelling older adults in clinical practice: reliability and validity. Disabil Rehabil. 2022 Jan;44(1):131-138. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2020.1758804. Epub 2020 May 12.
PubMed 32393131Zaras N, Stasinaki AN, Terzis G. Biological Determinants of Track and Field Throwing Performance. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2021 May 7;6(2):40. doi: 10.3390/jfmk6020040.
PubMed 34067149Leigh S, Yu B. The associations of selected technical parameters with discus throwing performance: a cross-sectional study. Sports Biomech. 2007 Sep;6(3):269-84. doi: 10.1080/14763140701489744.
PubMed 17933192Bartlett RM. The biomechanics of the discus throw: a review. J Sports Sci. 1992 Oct;10(5):467-510. doi: 10.1080/02640419208729944.
PubMed 1433463Gokalp O, Kirmizigil B. Effects of Thrower's Ten exercises on upper extremity performance: A randomized controlled study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020 Oct 16;99(42):e22837. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000022837.
PubMed 33080765Wilk KE, Yenchak AJ, Arrigo CA, Andrews JR. The Advanced Throwers Ten Exercise Program: a new exercise series for enhanced dynamic shoulder control in the overhead throwing athlete. Phys Sportsmed. 2011 Nov;39(4):90-7. doi: 10.3810/psm.2011.11.1943.
PubMed 22293772
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 27 Aug 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Association of Thrower's Ten Conditioning With Changes in Throwing Distance and Shoulder Strength in Amateur Male Discus Throwers: a Retrospective Cohort Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07783997
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 028/10/2024/ISRB/UGSR/SCPT
- Conditions
- Health Adult Subjects
- Keywords
- Thrower's Ten, Discus Throwing, Shoulder Muscle Strength, Throwing Performance, Conventional Conditioning, Strength Training, Sports Conditioning, Amateur Athletes
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 32 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Saveetha UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Sep 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 27 Sep 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 20 Oct 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 25 Aug 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This retrospective observational study compares the association of Thrower's Ten training and conventional conditioning with throwing performance and shoulder muscle strength in amateur male discus throwers. The study uses previously completed training and performance records from athletes who participated in one of two conditioning programmes. Throwing distance and shoulder muscle strength were assessed at baseline, during the training period, and at the end of the training period. The primary outcome is change in discus-throwing distance. Secondary outcomes include changes in shoulder muscle strength. The study aims to determine whether athletes who participated in the Thrower's Ten programme showed different changes in throwing performance and shoulder strength compared with athletes who participated in conventional conditioning.
Detailed description
This is a retrospective observational comparative study evaluating previously completed training records of amateur male discus throwers. The study compares athletes who participated in a Thrower's Ten-based conditioning programme with athletes who participated in conventional conditioning. Participant allocation to the training programmes was not performed prospectively according to a research randomization protocol; programme assignment was primarily related to scheduling and facility availability.
The analysis includes athletes for whom complete records were available for the relevant assessment time points. The primary outcome is discus-throwing distance. Secondary outcomes comprise shoulder muscle strength measured using manual muscle testing. Outcome assessments were available at baseline and subsequent assessment points during the training period, including the end-of-training assessment.
The primary analysis evaluates differences in the pattern of change over time between the two training groups using a mixed-design analysis of variance, with the time-by-group interaction representing the principal longitudinal comparison. Multiple outcomes were considered and a Bonferroni-adjusted significance threshold was applied. Difference-in-change estimates and confidence intervals were also calculated. Exploratory covariate-adjusted sensitivity analyses were performed for selected outcomes.
Because the study is based on previously completed records, the findings represent associations between participation in the respective training programmes and changes in throwing performance and shoulder strength. The study does not establish that the Thrower's Ten exercise content alone caused the observed differences. Differences in programme progression and unmeasured training factors, including throwing volume, may have contributed to the observed results.
The study is intended to provide preliminary evidence regarding the relationship between a structured Thrower's Ten-based conditioning programme and performance-related outcomes in amateur male discus throwers and to inform future prospective controlled studies.
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Retrospective
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Thrower's Ten Conditioning Group | – | Behavioral: Thrower's Ten exercise programAmateur male discus throwers who participated in the Thrower's Ten-based conditioning programme. The cohort was identified retrospectively from previously completed training records. Outcomes included discus-throwing distance and shoulder muscle strength assessed at the available study time points. |
| Conventional Conditioning Group | – | Behavioral: Conventional conditioning programAmateur male discus throwers who participated in the conventional conditioning programme. The cohort was identified retrospectively from previously completed training records. Outcomes included discus-throwing distance and shoulder muscle strength assessed at the available study time points. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 25 years
- Sex
- Male only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
- Study population
- Amateur male discus throwers aged 18-25 years whose previously completed training and performance records were available for retrospective analysis. Participants belonged to either the Thrower's Ten conditioning cohort or the conventional conditioning cohort.
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Male amateur discus throwers aged 18-25 years.
- Participants who participated in either the Thrower's Ten conditioning programme or the conventional conditioning programme.
- Participants with the required baseline, Week 4, and Week 8 outcome records available for analysis.
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Participants with incomplete outcome records required for the analysis.
- Participants who did not complete the required training programme or assessment schedule.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Thrower's Ten exercise programAn 8-week Thrower's Ten conditioning program for amateur male discus throwers, consisting of supervised shoulder strengthening and flexibility exercises performed 3 sessions per week for 30 minutes per session. The program was based on the Thrower's Ten exercise series and incorporated progressive resistance during the training period. The program was administered as part of the athletes' routine conditioning. | Behavioural | Thrower's Ten Conditioning Group |
| Conventional conditioning programAn 8-week conventional conditioning program consisting of shoulder strengthening and flexibility exercises, including prone horizontal abduction, horizontal abduction at 90° external rotation, side-lying external rotation, standing row, military press, towel stretch, crossover arm stretch, and sleeper stretch. Training was performed 3 sessions per week for 30 minutes per session. Progression in the conventional cohort was determined at the discretion of the trainer. | Behavioural | Conventional Conditioning Group |
Primary outcome
Discus-Throwing Distance
Time frame: Baseline (Week 0), Week 4, and Week 8
Discus-throwing distance measured in metres. Athletes performed three legal discus throws following a standardised warm-up, with 1-2 minutes of rest between attempts. The longest valid throw was recorded. Two trained evaluators independently identified the initial ground-contact point and measured the throwing distance using a standard measuring tape.
5 secondary outcomes
Isometric Shoulder Flexor Muscle Strength
Time frame: Baseline (Week 0), Week 4, and Week 8
Isometric Shoulder Extensor Muscle Strength
Time frame: Baseline (Week 0), Week 4, and Week 8
Isometric Shoulder Abductor Muscle Strength
Time frame: Baseline (Week 0), Week 4, and Week 8
Isometric Shoulder Internal Rotator Muscle Strength
Time frame: Baseline (Week 0), Week 4, and Week 8
Isometric Shoulder External Rotator Muscle Strength
Time frame: Baseline (Week 0), Week 4, and Week 8
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 27 Aug 2026.
- Background: PubMed 17941714von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gotzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP; STROBE Initiative. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. PLoS Med. 2007 Oct 16;4(10):e296. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040296.
- Background: PubMed 24839045Souza LA, Martins JC, Moura JB, Teixeira-Salmela LF, De Paula FV, Faria CD. Assessment of muscular strength with the modified sphygmomanometer test: what is the best method and source of outcome values? Braz J Phys Ther. 2014 Mar-Apr;18(2):191-200. doi: 10.1590/s1413-35552012005000149.
- Background: PubMed 32393131Brito SAF, Santana MM, Benfica PDA, Aguiar LT, Gomes GC, Faria CDCM. The modified sphygmomanometer test for assessment of muscle strength of community-dwelling older adults in clinical practice: reliability and validity. Disabil Rehabil. 2022 Jan;44(1):131-138. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2020.1758804. Epub 2020 May 12.
- Background: PubMed 34067149Zaras N, Stasinaki AN, Terzis G. Biological Determinants of Track and Field Throwing Performance. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2021 May 7;6(2):40. doi: 10.3390/jfmk6020040.
- Background: PubMed 17933192Leigh S, Yu B. The associations of selected technical parameters with discus throwing performance: a cross-sectional study. Sports Biomech. 2007 Sep;6(3):269-84. doi: 10.1080/14763140701489744.
- Background: PubMed 1433463Bartlett RM. The biomechanics of the discus throw: a review. J Sports Sci. 1992 Oct;10(5):467-510. doi: 10.1080/02640419208729944.
- Background: PubMed 33080765Gokalp O, Kirmizigil B. Effects of Thrower's Ten exercises on upper extremity performance: A randomized controlled study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020 Oct 16;99(42):e22837. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000022837.
- Background: PubMed 22293772Wilk KE, Yenchak AJ, Arrigo CA, Andrews JR. The Advanced Throwers Ten Exercise Program: a new exercise series for enhanced dynamic shoulder control in the overhead throwing athlete. Phys Sportsmed. 2011 Nov;39(4):90-7. doi: 10.3810/psm.2011.11.1943.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Individual participant-level data will not be shared publicly because the study involves retrospective analysis of participant records and sharing individual-level data may compromise participant confidentiality and privacy. De-identified aggregate results are reported in the manuscript. Data may be made available in accordance with institutional policies and applicable ethical and data-protection requirements upon reasonable request.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Shenbaga Sundaram Subramanian principal investigator
Saveetha College of Physiotherapy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Health Adult Subjects, run by Saveetha University at 1 site in India.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 27 Aug 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in India. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Discus-Throwing Distance (time frame: Baseline (Week 0), Week 4, and Week 8). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07783997, which also lists 8 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 27 Aug 2026.