Multiple SclerosisCEW-MSNCT07786987
Cone Evasion Walk Test in Multiple Sclerosis
An observational study of Multiple Sclerosis and Pain Management, run by Hacettepe University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This cross-sectional methodological study aims to examine the test-retest reliability, intrasession reliability, and construct validity of the Cone Evasion Walk (CEW) Test in individuals diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 70 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Multiple Sclerosis, Pain Management, Function
- What is being tested?
- Cone Evasion Walk Test and Clinical Assessments
- How many people
- 50 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Oct 2026to 30 Sep 2027
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 70 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: The study population will consist of adults with a confirmed diagnosis of multiple sclerosis who meet the predefined eligibility criteria. Participants will be recruited from individuals with multiple sclerosis and will undergo the Cone Evasion Walk Test and standardized clinical assessments to investigate the reliability and validity of the test in this population.
Who may be able to join
- Confirmed diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis according to the 2017 revised McDonald criteria Age between 18 and 65 years Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score ≤6.0 Clinically stable, with no MS relapse within the previous 30 days Able to walk at least 10 meters independently, with or without a unilateral assistive device Able to understand and follow study instructions Willing and able to provide written informed consent
Who cannot join
- MS relapse within the previous 30 days Cognitive impairment that prevents understanding of instructions or completion of the study assessments Co-existing orthopedic, cardiovascular, vestibular, or neurological conditions other than MS that significantly affect gait, balance, or safe performance of the CEW Severe uncorrected visual impairment that may interfere with obstacle detection Wheelchair-dependent mobility or requirement for bilateral walking aids Change in MS-related medication within the previous 30 days Participation in a structured exercise or rehabilitation program within the previous 4 weeks
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine Hospitals
Erciyes, Kayseri, 38039
Hanife ABAKAY, Assoc Prof, +90 505 883 31 26, fzthanifeabakay@gmail.com
Ayşe GÜÇ, Assistant Professor, MD
About this study
Official title: Reliability and Validity of the Cone Evasion Walk Test in Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis
This cross-sectional methodological study aims to examine the test-retest reliability, intrasession reliability, and construct validity of the Cone Evasion Walk (CEW) Test in individuals diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The CEW test is a performance-based clinical assessment that evaluates dynamic balance, obstacle avoidance, and fall risk by quantifying the number of cones contacted during a standardized walking task. Although the psychometric properties of the CEW test have been established in populations including stroke survivors, patients with knee osteoarthritis, and patients with hip osteoarthritis, no study has yet investigated its measurement properties in individuals with MS. Given the multifaceted nature of gait and balance impairments in MS - encompassing motor, sensory, cognitive, and visuospatial deficits - the CEW test may serve as a clinically meaningful and ecologically valid tool in this population. Participants will be recruited from the Department of Neurology at Erciyes University Hospital and will undergo the CEW test along with a comprehensive battery of established mobility and balance outcome measures.
Read the detailed description
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, immune-mediated, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by demyelination and axonal loss. Individuals with MS frequently experience impairments in balance, gait, and functional mobility, which collectively contribute to an elevated risk of falls. Approximately 50-60% of individuals with MS report at least one fall within a 6-month period, underscoring the critical need for clinically feasible and psychometrically sound assessment tools to identify those at risk.
The Cone Evasion Walk (CEW) Test is a relatively novel, performance-based assessment tool originally developed to evaluate dynamic balance and obstacle avoidance during walking. The test involves walking along a 3-meter pathway lined with 10 cones (5 on each side), during which the individual must avoid contacting the cones. The primary outcome is the total number of cones touched, reflecting the individual s capacity to integrate cognitive, perceptual, and neuromusculoskeletal functions during ambulation. Prior psychometric evaluations have demonstrated excellent reliability in acute stroke (ICC: 0.88-0.98; Sjoeholm et al., 2019), knee osteoarthritis (ICC: 0.97), and hip osteoarthritis (ICC: 0.96) populations, as well as significant concurrent validity with established measures including the Timed Up and Go (TUG), Functional Ambulation Classification (FAC), and 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT).
However, the psychometric properties of the CEW test have not been investigated in individuals with MS, despite the strong clinical rationale for its application in this population. MS-related deficits in attention, visuospatial processing, proprioception, and motor control - all of which are inherently assessed by the CEW test - make it a theoretically appropriate and ecologically valid measure for this patient group.
This study will employ a cross-sectional, methodological design. Eligible participants diagnosed with MS according to the revised McDonald criteria, with an Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score of 6.5 or less, will be recruited from the Department of Neurology at Erciyes University Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey.
Participants will undergo the following assessments at baseline: the CEW test (administered twice within the same session to evaluate intrasession reliability), the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, the Timed 25-Foot Walk (T25FW) test, the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), the Dynamic Gait Index (DGI), the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I), and the 12-Item Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale (MSWS-12). To assess test-retest reliability, participants will repeat the CEW test 3-7 days after the initial assessment.
Statistical analyses will include intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC, two-way mixed model, absolute agreement) for reliability assessment, Spearman rank correlation coefficients for construct validity, and Bland-Altman analysis for agreement between repeated measurements. Minimal detectable change (MDC) and standard error of measurement (SEM) will also be calculated.
This study is expected to contribute to the existing body of evidence by establishing the reliability and validity of the CEW test in MS and providing clinicians with a practical, time-efficient tool for assessing dynamic balance and fall risk in clinical practice.
- Conditions
- Multiple Sclerosis, Pain Management, Function
- Being tested
- Cone Evasion Walk Test and Clinical Assessments
- Keywords
- Cone Evasion Walk Test, multiple sclerosis, functional status, rehabilitation
- Medical subject headings
- Multiple Sclerosis, Agnosia
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Cone Evasion Walk Test and Clinical AssessmentsDiagnostic test
The Cone Evasion Walk Test is a performance-based walking assessment designed to evaluate the ability to negotiate and evade obstacles during walking. The test will be administered to individuals with multiple sclerosis to investigate its reliability and validity.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis | Individuals with multiple sclerosis who meet the predefined eligibility criteria and undergo the Cone Evasion Walk Test and other clinical assessments as part of the study protocol. No therapeutic intervention will be administered. Receives: Diagnostic Test: Cone Evasion Walk Test and Clinical Assessments |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Test-retest Reliability of the Cone Evasion Walk Test
Test-retest reliability of the Cone Evasion Walk (CEW) Test assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC, two-way mixed model, absolute agreement) between two test sessions administered 3 to 7 days apart. The total number of cones touched during the walk test will be recorded as the primary score.
Measured: Baseline and 3-7 days after baseline assessment
Secondary outcomes (7)
Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS)
The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) will be used to assess the overall level of neurological disability in individuals with multiple sclerosis. The EDSS provides a standardized measure of disability ranging from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating greater disability. The EDSS will be used to examine the relationship between overall MS-related disability and performance on the Cone Evasion Walk Test.
Measured: Baseline assessment.
Timed 25-Foot Walk Test (T25FW)
The Timed 25-Foot Walk Test (T25FW) will be used to assess walking speed and ambulatory function in individuals with multiple sclerosis. Participants will be instructed to walk a 25-foot (7.62-meter) distance as quickly and safely as possible. The time required to complete the walk will be recorded in seconds. Lower completion times indicate better walking performance. The T25FW will be used to examine the relationship between established ambulatory performance and Cone Evasion Walk Test performance.
Measured: Baseline assessment.
Dynamic Gait Index (DGI)
The Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) will be used to assess dynamic gait performance and the ability to adapt walking to changing task and environmental demands in individuals with multiple sclerosis. The DGI consists of eight walking tasks, including changes in gait speed, horizontal and vertical head movements, pivot turning, stepping over and around obstacles, and stair negotiation. Each item is scored from 0 to 3, yielding a total score ranging from 0 to 24, with higher scores indicating better dynamic gait performance.
Measured: Baseline assessment.
Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT)
The Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) will be used to assess information processing speed and cognitive efficiency in individuals with multiple sclerosis. Participants will be asked to match geometric symbols with corresponding numbers according to a provided key within a specified time period. Higher scores indicate better information processing speed. The SDMT will be used to examine the relationship between cognitive processing speed and Cone Evasion Walk Test performance.
Measured: Baseline assessment.
Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I)
The Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I) will be used to assess concerns about falling during daily activities in individuals with multiple sclerosis. The scale evaluates the level of concern about falling while performing a range of everyday activities. Higher scores indicate greater concern about falling. The FES-I will be used to examine the relationship between concerns about falling and Cone Evasion Walk Test performance.
Measured: Baseline assessment.
Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale-29 (MSIS-29)
The Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale-29 (MSIS-29) will be used to assess the physical and psychological impact of multiple sclerosis on individuals' daily lives. The scale consists of 29 items, with higher scores indicating a greater perceived impact of MS. The MSIS-29 will be used to examine the relationship between the impact of MS on daily life and Cone Evasion Walk Test performance.
Measured: Baseline assessment.
Timed Up and Go Test (TUG)
The Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) will be used to assess functional mobility and dynamic balance in individuals with multiple sclerosis. Participants will be instructed to stand up from a standard chair, walk 3 meters at a comfortable and safe pace, turn around, walk back to the chair, and sit down. The time required to complete the test will be recorded in seconds. Lower completion times indicate better functional mobility.
The TUG will be used to examine the relationship between functional mobility and Cone Evasion Walk Test performance.
Measured: Baseline assessment.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted26 Aug 2026
- Study start1 Oct 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion30 Jun 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion30 Sep 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (7)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Multiple SclerosisStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Hacettepe UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Enrolment
- 50 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Hacettepe University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Tuğba DERE, Bozok University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07786987
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- CEW-MS-2026-001
- Acronym
- CEW-MS
- Status last verified
- Aug 2026
- First submitted
- 22 Aug 2026
- Last updated
- 26 Aug 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Individual participant data will not be shared with other researchers because no data-sharing plan has been established for this study. Data will be handled confidentially and in accordance with applicable ethical and data protection requirements.
Publications
Estella A, Gamazo-Del Rio J, Alvarez-Manzanares J, Julian-Jimenez A, Gonzalez Del Castillo J. Prognostic accuracy of qsofa according to the site of infection in older patient attended in Emergency Department. Eur J Intern Med. 2018 Apr;50:e13-e15. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2018.01.005. Epub 2018 Jan 4. No abstract available.
PubMed 29307503Ozden F, Ozkeskin M, Yuceyar N. The reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the multiple sclerosis impact scale-29. Turk J Med Sci. 2022 Aug;52(4):1216-1222. doi: 10.55730/1300-0144.5426. Epub 2022 Aug 10.
PubMed 36326386Metzler P, Zemann W, Jacobsen C, Gratz KW, Obwegeser JA. Cranial vault growth patterns of plagiocephaly and trigonocephaly patients following fronto-orbital advancement: a long-term anthropometric outcome assessment. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2013 Sep;41(6):e98-e103. doi: 10.1016/j.jcms.2012.11.035. Epub 2013 Jan 17.
PubMed 23332468Strober L, DeLuca J, Benedict RH, Jacobs A, Cohen JA, Chiaravalloti N, Hudson LD, Rudick RA, LaRocca NG; Multiple Sclerosis Outcome Assessments Consortium (MSOAC). Symbol Digit Modalities Test: A valid clinical trial endpoint for measuring cognition in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2019 Nov;25(13):1781-1790. doi: 10.1177/1352458518808204. Epub 2018 Oct 18.
PubMed 30334474Kurtzke JF. Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: an expanded disability status scale (EDSS). Neurology. 1983 Nov;33(11):1444-52. doi: 10.1212/wnl.33.11.1444.
PubMed 6685237Bennett SE, Bromley LE, Fisher NM, Tomita MR, Niewczyk P. Validity and Reliability of Four Clinical Gait Measures in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Int J MS Care. 2017 Sep-Oct;19(5):247-252. doi: 10.7224/1537-2073.2015-006.
PubMed 29070965Thompson DP, Moula K, Woby SR. Are fear of movement, self-efficacy beliefs and fear of falling associated with levels of disability in people with osteoarthritis of the knee? A cross sectional study. Musculoskeletal Care. 2017 Sep;15(3):257-262. doi: 10.1002/msc.1167. Epub 2016 Dec 7.
PubMed 27925419
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 26 Aug 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Reliability and Validity of the Cone Evasion Walk Test in Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07786987
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- CEW-MS / CEW-MS-2026-001
- Conditions
- Multiple Sclerosis, Pain Management, Function
- Keywords
- Cone Evasion Walk Test, multiple sclerosis, functional status, rehabilitation
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Not yet recruiting
- Enrolment
- 50 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Hacettepe UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Oct 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 30 Jun 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 30 Sep 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 26 Aug 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This cross-sectional methodological study aims to examine the test-retest reliability, intrasession reliability, and construct validity of the Cone Evasion Walk (CEW) Test in individuals diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The CEW test is a performance-based clinical assessment that evaluates dynamic balance, obstacle avoidance, and fall risk by quantifying the number of cones contacted during a standardized walking task. Although the psychometric properties of the CEW test have been established in populations including stroke survivors, patients with knee osteoarthritis, and patients with hip osteoarthritis, no study has yet investigated its measurement properties in individuals with MS. Given the multifaceted nature of gait and balance impairments in MS - encompassing motor, sensory, cognitive, and visuospatial deficits - the CEW test may serve as a clinically meaningful and ecologically valid tool in this population. Participants will be recruited from the Department of Neurology at Erciyes University Hospital and will undergo the CEW test along with a comprehensive battery of established mobility and balance outcome measures.
Detailed description
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, immune-mediated, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by demyelination and axonal loss. Individuals with MS frequently experience impairments in balance, gait, and functional mobility, which collectively contribute to an elevated risk of falls. Approximately 50-60% of individuals with MS report at least one fall within a 6-month period, underscoring the critical need for clinically feasible and psychometrically sound assessment tools to identify those at risk.
The Cone Evasion Walk (CEW) Test is a relatively novel, performance-based assessment tool originally developed to evaluate dynamic balance and obstacle avoidance during walking. The test involves walking along a 3-meter pathway lined with 10 cones (5 on each side), during which the individual must avoid contacting the cones. The primary outcome is the total number of cones touched, reflecting the individual s capacity to integrate cognitive, perceptual, and neuromusculoskeletal functions during ambulation. Prior psychometric evaluations have demonstrated excellent reliability in acute stroke (ICC: 0.88-0.98; Sjoeholm et al., 2019), knee osteoarthritis (ICC: 0.97), and hip osteoarthritis (ICC: 0.96) populations, as well as significant concurrent validity with established measures including the Timed Up and Go (TUG), Functional Ambulation Classification (FAC), and 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT).
However, the psychometric properties of the CEW test have not been investigated in individuals with MS, despite the strong clinical rationale for its application in this population. MS-related deficits in attention, visuospatial processing, proprioception, and motor control - all of which are inherently assessed by the CEW test - make it a theoretically appropriate and ecologically valid measure for this patient group.
This study will employ a cross-sectional, methodological design. Eligible participants diagnosed with MS according to the revised McDonald criteria, with an Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score of 6.5 or less, will be recruited from the Department of Neurology at Erciyes University Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey.
Participants will undergo the following assessments at baseline: the CEW test (administered twice within the same session to evaluate intrasession reliability), the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, the Timed 25-Foot Walk (T25FW) test, the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), the Dynamic Gait Index (DGI), the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I), and the 12-Item Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale (MSWS-12). To assess test-retest reliability, participants will repeat the CEW test 3-7 days after the initial assessment.
Statistical analyses will include intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC, two-way mixed model, absolute agreement) for reliability assessment, Spearman rank correlation coefficients for construct validity, and Bland-Altman analysis for agreement between repeated measurements. Minimal detectable change (MDC) and standard error of measurement (SEM) will also be calculated.
This study is expected to contribute to the existing body of evidence by establishing the reliability and validity of the CEW test in MS and providing clinicians with a practical, time-efficient tool for assessing dynamic balance and fall risk in clinical practice.
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis | – | Diagnostic Test: Cone Evasion Walk Test and Clinical AssessmentsIndividuals with multiple sclerosis who meet the predefined eligibility criteria and undergo the Cone Evasion Walk Test and other clinical assessments as part of the study protocol. No therapeutic intervention will be administered. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 70 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- The study population will consist of adults with a confirmed diagnosis of multiple sclerosis who meet the predefined eligibility criteria. Participants will be recruited from individuals with multiple sclerosis and will undergo the Cone Evasion Walk Test and standardized clinical assessments to investigate the reliability and validity of the test in this population.
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Confirmed diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis according to the 2017 revised McDonald criteria Age between 18 and 65 years Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score ≤6.0 Clinically stable, with no MS relapse within the previous 30 days Able to walk at least 10 meters independently, with or without a unilateral assistive device Able to understand and follow study instructions Willing and able to provide written informed consent
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- MS relapse within the previous 30 days Cognitive impairment that prevents understanding of instructions or completion of the study assessments Co-existing orthopedic, cardiovascular, vestibular, or neurological conditions other than MS that significantly affect gait, balance, or safe performance of the CEW Severe uncorrected visual impairment that may interfere with obstacle detection Wheelchair-dependent mobility or requirement for bilateral walking aids Change in MS-related medication within the previous 30 days Participation in a structured exercise or rehabilitation program within the previous 4 weeks
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Cone Evasion Walk Test and Clinical AssessmentsThe Cone Evasion Walk Test is a performance-based walking assessment designed to evaluate the ability to negotiate and evade obstacles during walking. The test will be administered to individuals with multiple sclerosis to investigate its reliability and validity. | Diagnostic test | Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis |
Primary outcome
Test-retest Reliability of the Cone Evasion Walk Test
Time frame: Baseline and 3-7 days after baseline assessment
Test-retest reliability of the Cone Evasion Walk (CEW) Test assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC, two-way mixed model, absolute agreement) between two test sessions administered 3 to 7 days apart. The total number of cones touched during the walk test will be recorded as the primary score.
7 secondary outcomes
Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS)
Time frame: Baseline assessment.
Timed 25-Foot Walk Test (T25FW)
Time frame: Baseline assessment.
Dynamic Gait Index (DGI)
Time frame: Baseline assessment.
Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT)
Time frame: Baseline assessment.
Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I)
Time frame: Baseline assessment.
Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale-29 (MSIS-29)
Time frame: Baseline assessment.
Timed Up and Go Test (TUG)
Time frame: Baseline assessment.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 26 Aug 2026.
- Results publication: PubMed 29307503Estella A, Gamazo-Del Rio J, Alvarez-Manzanares J, Julian-Jimenez A, Gonzalez Del Castillo J. Prognostic accuracy of qsofa according to the site of infection in older patient attended in Emergency Department. Eur J Intern Med. 2018 Apr;50:e13-e15. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2018.01.005. Epub 2018 Jan 4. No abstract available.
- Results publication: PubMed 36326386Ozden F, Ozkeskin M, Yuceyar N. The reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the multiple sclerosis impact scale-29. Turk J Med Sci. 2022 Aug;52(4):1216-1222. doi: 10.55730/1300-0144.5426. Epub 2022 Aug 10.
- Results publication: PubMed 23332468Metzler P, Zemann W, Jacobsen C, Gratz KW, Obwegeser JA. Cranial vault growth patterns of plagiocephaly and trigonocephaly patients following fronto-orbital advancement: a long-term anthropometric outcome assessment. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2013 Sep;41(6):e98-e103. doi: 10.1016/j.jcms.2012.11.035. Epub 2013 Jan 17.
- Results publication: PubMed 30334474Strober L, DeLuca J, Benedict RH, Jacobs A, Cohen JA, Chiaravalloti N, Hudson LD, Rudick RA, LaRocca NG; Multiple Sclerosis Outcome Assessments Consortium (MSOAC). Symbol Digit Modalities Test: A valid clinical trial endpoint for measuring cognition in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2019 Nov;25(13):1781-1790. doi: 10.1177/1352458518808204. Epub 2018 Oct 18.
- Results publication: PubMed 6685237Kurtzke JF. Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: an expanded disability status scale (EDSS). Neurology. 1983 Nov;33(11):1444-52. doi: 10.1212/wnl.33.11.1444.
- Results publication: PubMed 29070965Bennett SE, Bromley LE, Fisher NM, Tomita MR, Niewczyk P. Validity and Reliability of Four Clinical Gait Measures in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Int J MS Care. 2017 Sep-Oct;19(5):247-252. doi: 10.7224/1537-2073.2015-006.
- Results publication: PubMed 27925419Thompson DP, Moula K, Woby SR. Are fear of movement, self-efficacy beliefs and fear of falling associated with levels of disability in people with osteoarthritis of the knee? A cross sectional study. Musculoskeletal Care. 2017 Sep;15(3):257-262. doi: 10.1002/msc.1167. Epub 2016 Dec 7.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Individual participant data will not be shared with other researchers because no data-sharing plan has been established for this study. Data will be handled confidentially and in accordance with applicable ethical and data protection requirements.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Multiple Sclerosis and Pain Management, run by Hacettepe University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: opening soon, as of the sponsor's last update on 26 Aug 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Tugba DERE, Asisst Prof (05435174952, tugba.dere@bozok.edu.tr), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Test-retest Reliability of the Cone Evasion Walk Test (time frame: Baseline and 3-7 days after baseline assessment). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07786987, which also lists 7 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 26 Aug 2026.