Pulmonary FunctionNCT07792174
Pulmonary Function and Trunk Muscle Performance in Wrestlers
An observational study of Pulmonary Function and Aerobic Performance, run by Istanbul University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This study aims to investigate the relationships among pulmonary function, aerobic performance, anaerobic performance, and isokinetic trunk muscle performance in professional male wrestlers. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 35 years, men onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Pulmonary Function, Aerobic Performance, Anaerobic Performance
- How many people
- 28 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 7 Sep 2026to 1 Oct 2026
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 35 years
- Men only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Study population: The study population will consist of professional male wrestlers aged 18-35 years who have been actively participating in licensed wrestling for at least 5 years, currently compete at the professional level, and follow a regular training program. Participants will undergo standardized assessments of pulmonary function, aerobic capacity, anaerobic performance, and isokinetic trunk muscle performance. A total of 28 eligible professional male wrestlers are planned to be included in the study.
Who may be able to join
- Male participants aged 18-35 years
- At least 5 years of active participation in licensed wrestling
- Currently competing at the professional level and following a regular training program
- No upper respiratory tract infection within the previous 4 weeks, or no signs of active infection on the day of assessment
- Able to safely complete pulmonary function testing, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, the Wingate test, and isokinetic assessment
- Willingness to participate and ability to provide written informed consent
Who cannot join
- Any chronic respiratory disease, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchiectasis, or other chronic respiratory system disorders
- Any cardiovascular, neurological, or systemic disease that may affect the study measurements
- Surgery involving the trunk or spine within the previous 6 months
- A musculoskeletal injury within the previous 3 months affecting the lower back, back, or abdominal muscles and resulting in absence from training or competition
- Acute low back or back pain at the time of assessment
- Any clinical condition that may preclude maximal exercise during cardiopulmonary exercise testing or the Wingate test
- Any condition that prevents the participant from safely completing pulmonary function testing, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, the Wingate test, or isokinetic assessment
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Istanbul University
Istanbul
Şensu DİNÇER, Medical Doctor, +90 505 694 76 73, sdincer@istanbul.edu.tr
About this study
Official title: Relationship Between Pulmonary Function, Aerobic and Anaerobic Performance, and Isokinetic Trunk Muscle Performance in Wrestlers
This study aims to investigate the relationships among pulmonary function, aerobic performance, anaerobic performance, and isokinetic trunk muscle performance in professional male wrestlers. Wrestling requires a combination of high muscular strength, repeated high-intensity efforts, aerobic capacity, anaerobic performance, and effective trunk muscle function. However, the relationships among these physiological and muscular performance characteristics have not been fully established in professional wrestlers.
This single-center, analytical, cross-sectional observational study will include approximately 28 professional male wrestlers aged 18-35 years who have been actively participating in licensed wrestling for at least 5 years and who meet the predefined eligibility criteria. Participants will undergo anthropometric assessment, pulmonary function testing by spirometry, cardiopulmonary exercise testing with respiratory gas analysis, Wingate anaerobic testing, and isokinetic assessment of trunk muscle performance.
Pulmonary function parameters will be obtained from spirometry. Aerobic capacity will be evaluated using maximal oxygen consumption (VO₂max) obtained during cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Anaerobic performance will be assessed using the Wingate test, while trunk flexor and extensor muscle performance will be evaluated using isokinetic dynamometry. The study will primarily examine the relationship between pulmonary function parameters and isokinetic trunk muscle performance. Secondary analyses will evaluate the relationships of pulmonary function and trunk muscle performance with VO₂max and Wingate-derived anaerobic performance parameters.
Read the detailed description
Wrestling is a physically demanding combat sport that requires athletes to perform repeated high-intensity efforts while maintaining strength, power, postural control, and technical performance. The physiological demands of wrestling involve multiple interacting components, including pulmonary function, aerobic capacity, anaerobic performance, and trunk muscle strength and endurance. Trunk musculature plays an important role in maintaining body position, transferring force between the upper and lower extremities, and performing wrestling-specific movements. Pulmonary and cardiovascular capacity may also contribute to the ability to sustain repeated efforts and recover between high-intensity bouts. Despite the importance of these components, the relationships among pulmonary function, aerobic and anaerobic performance, and isokinetic trunk muscle performance in professional wrestlers have not been fully characterized.
The primary aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between pulmonary function parameters and isokinetic trunk muscle performance in professional male wrestlers. Specifically, the study will examine the associations between pulmonary function parameters obtained from spirometry and the performance of the trunk flexor and extensor muscles assessed using isokinetic dynamometry.
The secondary aim is to evaluate the relationships of pulmonary function parameters and isokinetic trunk muscle performance with aerobic and anaerobic performance. Aerobic capacity will be represented by maximal oxygen consumption (VO₂max) obtained during cardiopulmonary exercise testing with respiratory gas analysis. Anaerobic performance will be evaluated using the Wingate test and its relevant performance parameters. In this way, the study aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of the relationships among pulmonary function, aerobic capacity, anaerobic performance, and trunk muscle performance in professional wrestlers.
This is a single-center, analytical, cross-sectional observational study. The study population will consist of professional male wrestlers evaluated at the Department of Sports Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University. Approximately 28 professional male wrestlers who meet the eligibility criteria will be included. Eligible participants will be between 18 and 35 years of age, will have been actively participating in licensed wrestling for at least 5 years, and will be actively competing at the professional level while maintaining a regular training program. Participants will be evaluated after providing written informed consent.
No therapeutic intervention or exercise training program will be administered as part of the study. Each participant will undergo anthropometric assessment and a series of physiological and muscular performance evaluations. Participant characteristics, including age, height, body weight, body mass index, wrestling style, weight category, years of licensed wrestling participation, duration of professional athletic participation, weekly training frequency and duration, smoking status, known medical conditions, regular medication use, previous surgical procedures, and recent musculoskeletal injuries will be recorded.
Pulmonary function will be assessed using spirometry according to standardized testing procedures. Participants will perform forced respiratory maneuvers after receiving standardized instructions. The pulmonary function parameters obtained from spirometry will include forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV₁), FEV₁/FVC ratio, peak expiratory flow (PEF), and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV), as available from the spirometry assessment.
Isokinetic trunk muscle performance will be assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer. Trunk flexion and extension performance will be evaluated at angular velocities of 60°/s and 90°/s within a 0-45° range of motion. Participants will perform maximal trunk flexion and extension contractions according to the predefined testing protocol. Peak torque, body-weight-normalized peak torque, total work, and body-weight-normalized total work values will be recorded for trunk flexion and extension.
Aerobic capacity will be evaluated using a cardiopulmonary exercise test performed on a treadmill according to the Bruce protocol. Respiratory gases will be analyzed breath-by-breath using a gas analysis system. Resting heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressure will be measured before the test. Exercise intensity will be progressively increased according to the selected protocol, and the test will continue until voluntary exhaustion or the occurrence of a clinical indication for termination. The primary variable obtained from the cardiopulmonary exercise test will be maximal oxygen consumption. VO₂max will be recorded when the predefined criteria for maximal oxygen consumption are achieved; otherwise, the highest oxygen consumption reached during the test will be recorded as VO₂peak. Values will be recorded both in absolute terms and relative to body mass.
Anaerobic performance will be assessed using the Wingate test. The test will be performed according to the standardized testing procedure used at the study center. Relevant anaerobic performance parameters obtained from the test will be recorded and used in the secondary analyses examining the relationship between anaerobic performance and pulmonary function, aerobic capacity, and isokinetic trunk muscle performance.
The collected data will be analyzed to determine the strength and direction of the relationships among the study variables. The primary analysis will focus on the association between pulmonary function parameters and isokinetic trunk muscle performance. Secondary analyses will examine the associations of pulmonary function and isokinetic trunk muscle performance with VO₂max and Wingate-derived anaerobic performance parameters. Because the study has a cross-sectional observational design, the findings will be interpreted as associations between variables and will not establish causal relationships.
- Being tested
- No intervention
- Keywords
- Wrestlers, Pulmonary function, Isokinetic trunk muscle performance, Wingate test, VO2max, Spirometry
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
No interventionOther
No intervention will be administered. Participants will undergo standardized assessments including spirometry, cardiopulmonary exercise testing with gas analysis for VO₂max, Wingate anaerobic test, and isokinetic trunk muscle performance testing. These assessments are performed for data collection purposes and do not constitute a therapeutic intervention.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Professional Male Wrestlers | Not described Receives: Other: No intervention |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)
Forced vital capacity (FVC) is the maximum volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a maximal inspiration. It will be assessed by spirometry and reported in liters (L), with values approximately 80-120% of the predicted value considered within the normal range.
Measured: Baseline
Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV₁)
Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁) is the volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled during the first second following maximal inspiration. It will be assessed by spirometry and reported in liters (L), with values approximately 80-120% of the predicted value considered within the normal range.
Measured: Baseline
FEV₁/FVC Ratio
The FEV₁/FVC ratio represents the proportion of the forced vital capacity exhaled during the first second of forced expiration. It will be assessed by spirometry and reported as a percentage (%), with values ≥70% generally considered within the normal range in adults.
Measured: Baseline
Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF)
Peak expiratory flow (PEF) is the maximum flow rate achieved during a forced expiration following maximal inspiration. It will be assessed by spirometry and reported in liters per second (L/s), with values interpreted according to age, sex, height, and predicted reference values.
Measured: Baseline
Maximum Voluntary Ventilation (MVV)
Maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) is the maximum volume of air that can be inhaled and exhaled voluntarily over a specified period of time. It will be assessed by spirometry and reported in liters per minute (L/min), with values approximately 80-120% of the predicted value considered within the normal range.
Measured: Baseline
Trunk Flexion Peak Torque at 60°/s
Trunk flexion peak torque represents the maximum torque generated by the trunk flexor muscles during isokinetic contraction. It will be assessed using a HUMAC/NORM isokinetic dynamometer at an angular velocity of 60°/s and reported in Newton-meters (Nm).
Measured: Baseline
Trunk Extension Peak Torque at 60°/s
Trunk extension peak torque represents the maximum torque generated by the trunk extensor muscles during isokinetic contraction. It will be assessed using a HUMAC/NORM isokinetic dynamometer at an angular velocity of 60°/s and reported in Newton-meters (Nm).
Measured: Baseline
Trunk Flexion Total Work at 90°/s
Trunk flexion total work represents the cumulative mechanical work performed by the trunk flexor muscles during repeated isokinetic contractions. It will be assessed using a HUMAC/NORM isokinetic dynamometer at an angular velocity of 90°/s and reported in Joules (J).
Measured: Baseline
Trunk Extension Total Work at 90°/s
Trunk extension total work represents the cumulative mechanical work performed by the trunk extensor muscles during repeated isokinetic contractions. It will be assessed using a HUMAC/NORM isokinetic dynamometer at an angular velocity of 90°/s and reported in Joules (J).
Measured: Baseline
Secondary outcomes (4)
Maximal Oxygen Consumption (VO₂max)
Maximal aerobic capacity will be assessed by cardiopulmonary exercise testing performed on a treadmill using the Bruce protocol with breath-by-breath respiratory gas analysis. VO₂max will be determined from the highest oxygen consumption achieved during the test when predefined criteria for maximal effort are met. If these criteria are not met, the highest oxygen consumption value achieved will be recorded as VO₂peak. Values will be recorded as both absolute oxygen consumption (L/min) and relative to body mass (mL/kg/min).
Measured: Baseline
Peak Power During the Wingate Anaerobic Test
Peak power represents the highest mechanical power output achieved during the Wingate anaerobic test. Anaerobic performance will be assessed using a standardized Wingate test performed on a cycle ergometer. Peak power will be recorded in watts (W).
Measured: Baseline
Mean Power During the Wingate Anaerobic Test
Mean power represents the average mechanical power output maintained throughout the Wingate anaerobic test. It will be assessed using a standardized Wingate test performed on a cycle ergometer and reported in watts (W).
Measured: Baseline
Fatigue Index During the Wingate Anaerobic Test
Fatigue index represents the decline in power output during the Wingate anaerobic test and will be calculated from the change between peak and minimum power output during the test. It will be reported as a percentage (%).
Measured: Baseline
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted28 Aug 2026
- Study start7 Sep 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion1 Oct 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion1 Oct 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (5)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Pulmonary FunctionStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Enrolment
- 28 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Istanbul University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Şensu Dinçer, Istanbul University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07792174
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- WREST-PULM-TRUNK-26
- Status last verified
- Aug 2026
- First submitted
- 13 Aug 2026
- Last updated
- 1 Sep 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Kim HS, Cho SH. Correlation between Lung Function and Functional Movement in Healthy Adults. Healthcare (Basel). 2020 Aug 16;8(3):276. doi: 10.3390/healthcare8030276.
PubMed 32824329Kurokawa Y, Kato S, Yokogawa N, Shimizu T, Matsubara H, Kabata T, Demura S. Relationship between Respiratory Function and the Strength of the Abdominal Trunk Muscles Including the Diaphragm in Middle-Aged and Older Adult Patients. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2024 Sep 26;9(4):175. doi: 10.3390/jfmk9040175.
PubMed 39449469Sillanpaa E, Stenroth L, Bijlsma AY, Rantanen T, McPhee JS, Maden-Wilkinson TM, Jones DA, Narici MV, Gapeyeva H, Paasuke M, Barnouin Y, Hogrel JY, Butler-Browne GS, Meskers CG, Maier AB, Tormakangas T, Sipila S. Associations between muscle strength, spirometric pulmonary function and mobility in healthy older adults. Age (Dordr). 2014;36(4):9667. doi: 10.1007/s11357-014-9667-7. Epub 2014 Jul 30.
PubMed 25073451Ozkal O, Demircioglu A, Topuz S. Clarifying the relationships between trunk muscle endurance, respiratory muscle strength and static/dynamic postural control in Latin dancers. Sports Biomech. 2025 Jun;24(6):1562-1575. doi: 10.1080/14763141.2024.2301984. Epub 2024 Jan 9.
PubMed 38193516Tokgoz G, Cinarli S, Akyol B, Aygoren C, Beykumul A, Larsen MN, Krustrup P, Franca C, Gouveia ER, Cinarli FS. Associations Between Pulmonary Function and Muscle Strength in Turkish National Karate Athletes. J Clin Med. 2025 Sep 10;14(18):6370. doi: 10.3390/jcm14186370.
PubMed 41010575
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 1 Sep 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Relationship Between Pulmonary Function, Aerobic and Anaerobic Performance, and Isokinetic Trunk Muscle Performance in Wrestlers
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07792174
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- WREST-PULM-TRUNK-26
- Keywords
- Wrestlers, Pulmonary function, Isokinetic trunk muscle performance, Wingate test, VO2max, Spirometry
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Not yet recruiting
- Enrolment
- 28 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Istanbul UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 7 Sep 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 1 Oct 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 1 Oct 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 28 Aug 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study aims to investigate the relationships among pulmonary function, aerobic performance, anaerobic performance, and isokinetic trunk muscle performance in professional male wrestlers. Wrestling requires a combination of high muscular strength, repeated high-intensity efforts, aerobic capacity, anaerobic performance, and effective trunk muscle function. However, the relationships among these physiological and muscular performance characteristics have not been fully established in professional wrestlers.
This single-center, analytical, cross-sectional observational study will include approximately 28 professional male wrestlers aged 18-35 years who have been actively participating in licensed wrestling for at least 5 years and who meet the predefined eligibility criteria. Participants will undergo anthropometric assessment, pulmonary function testing by spirometry, cardiopulmonary exercise testing with respiratory gas analysis, Wingate anaerobic testing, and isokinetic assessment of trunk muscle performance.
Pulmonary function parameters will be obtained from spirometry. Aerobic capacity will be evaluated using maximal oxygen consumption (VO₂max) obtained during cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Anaerobic performance will be assessed using the Wingate test, while trunk flexor and extensor muscle performance will be evaluated using isokinetic dynamometry. The study will primarily examine the relationship between pulmonary function parameters and isokinetic trunk muscle performance. Secondary analyses will evaluate the relationships of pulmonary function and trunk muscle performance with VO₂max and Wingate-derived anaerobic performance parameters.
Detailed description
Wrestling is a physically demanding combat sport that requires athletes to perform repeated high-intensity efforts while maintaining strength, power, postural control, and technical performance. The physiological demands of wrestling involve multiple interacting components, including pulmonary function, aerobic capacity, anaerobic performance, and trunk muscle strength and endurance. Trunk musculature plays an important role in maintaining body position, transferring force between the upper and lower extremities, and performing wrestling-specific movements. Pulmonary and cardiovascular capacity may also contribute to the ability to sustain repeated efforts and recover between high-intensity bouts. Despite the importance of these components, the relationships among pulmonary function, aerobic and anaerobic performance, and isokinetic trunk muscle performance in professional wrestlers have not been fully characterized.
The primary aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between pulmonary function parameters and isokinetic trunk muscle performance in professional male wrestlers. Specifically, the study will examine the associations between pulmonary function parameters obtained from spirometry and the performance of the trunk flexor and extensor muscles assessed using isokinetic dynamometry.
The secondary aim is to evaluate the relationships of pulmonary function parameters and isokinetic trunk muscle performance with aerobic and anaerobic performance. Aerobic capacity will be represented by maximal oxygen consumption (VO₂max) obtained during cardiopulmonary exercise testing with respiratory gas analysis. Anaerobic performance will be evaluated using the Wingate test and its relevant performance parameters. In this way, the study aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of the relationships among pulmonary function, aerobic capacity, anaerobic performance, and trunk muscle performance in professional wrestlers.
This is a single-center, analytical, cross-sectional observational study. The study population will consist of professional male wrestlers evaluated at the Department of Sports Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University. Approximately 28 professional male wrestlers who meet the eligibility criteria will be included. Eligible participants will be between 18 and 35 years of age, will have been actively participating in licensed wrestling for at least 5 years, and will be actively competing at the professional level while maintaining a regular training program. Participants will be evaluated after providing written informed consent.
No therapeutic intervention or exercise training program will be administered as part of the study. Each participant will undergo anthropometric assessment and a series of physiological and muscular performance evaluations. Participant characteristics, including age, height, body weight, body mass index, wrestling style, weight category, years of licensed wrestling participation, duration of professional athletic participation, weekly training frequency and duration, smoking status, known medical conditions, regular medication use, previous surgical procedures, and recent musculoskeletal injuries will be recorded.
Pulmonary function will be assessed using spirometry according to standardized testing procedures. Participants will perform forced respiratory maneuvers after receiving standardized instructions. The pulmonary function parameters obtained from spirometry will include forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV₁), FEV₁/FVC ratio, peak expiratory flow (PEF), and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV), as available from the spirometry assessment.
Isokinetic trunk muscle performance will be assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer. Trunk flexion and extension performance will be evaluated at angular velocities of 60°/s and 90°/s within a 0-45° range of motion. Participants will perform maximal trunk flexion and extension contractions according to the predefined testing protocol. Peak torque, body-weight-normalized peak torque, total work, and body-weight-normalized total work values will be recorded for trunk flexion and extension.
Aerobic capacity will be evaluated using a cardiopulmonary exercise test performed on a treadmill according to the Bruce protocol. Respiratory gases will be analyzed breath-by-breath using a gas analysis system. Resting heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressure will be measured before the test. Exercise intensity will be progressively increased according to the selected protocol, and the test will continue until voluntary exhaustion or the occurrence of a clinical indication for termination. The primary variable obtained from the cardiopulmonary exercise test will be maximal oxygen consumption. VO₂max will be recorded when the predefined criteria for maximal oxygen consumption are achieved; otherwise, the highest oxygen consumption reached during the test will be recorded as VO₂peak. Values will be recorded both in absolute terms and relative to body mass.
Anaerobic performance will be assessed using the Wingate test. The test will be performed according to the standardized testing procedure used at the study center. Relevant anaerobic performance parameters obtained from the test will be recorded and used in the secondary analyses examining the relationship between anaerobic performance and pulmonary function, aerobic capacity, and isokinetic trunk muscle performance.
The collected data will be analyzed to determine the strength and direction of the relationships among the study variables. The primary analysis will focus on the association between pulmonary function parameters and isokinetic trunk muscle performance. Secondary analyses will examine the associations of pulmonary function and isokinetic trunk muscle performance with VO₂max and Wingate-derived anaerobic performance parameters. Because the study has a cross-sectional observational design, the findings will be interpreted as associations between variables and will not establish causal relationships.
Study design
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Professional Male Wrestlers | – | Other: No intervention |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 35 years
- Sex
- Male only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
- Study population
- The study population will consist of professional male wrestlers aged 18-35 years who have been actively participating in licensed wrestling for at least 5 years, currently compete at the professional level, and follow a regular training program. Participants will undergo standardized assessments of pulmonary function, aerobic capacity, anaerobic performance, and isokinetic trunk muscle performance. A total of 28 eligible professional male wrestlers are planned to be included in the study.
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Male participants aged 18-35 years
- At least 5 years of active participation in licensed wrestling
- Currently competing at the professional level and following a regular training program
- No upper respiratory tract infection within the previous 4 weeks, or no signs of active infection on the day of assessment
- Able to safely complete pulmonary function testing, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, the Wingate test, and isokinetic assessment
Key exclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Any chronic respiratory disease, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchiectasis, or other chronic respiratory system disorders
- Any cardiovascular, neurological, or systemic disease that may affect the study measurements
- Surgery involving the trunk or spine within the previous 6 months
- A musculoskeletal injury within the previous 3 months affecting the lower back, back, or abdominal muscles and resulting in absence from training or competition
- Acute low back or back pain at the time of assessment
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| No interventionNo intervention will be administered. Participants will undergo standardized assessments including spirometry, cardiopulmonary exercise testing with gas analysis for VO₂max, Wingate anaerobic test, and isokinetic trunk muscle performance testing. These assessments are performed for data collection purposes and do not constitute a therapeutic intervention. | Other | Professional Male Wrestlers |
Primary outcome
Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)
Time frame: Baseline
Forced vital capacity (FVC) is the maximum volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a maximal inspiration. It will be assessed by spirometry and reported in liters (L), with values approximately 80-120% of the predicted value considered within the normal range.
Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV₁)
Time frame: Baseline
Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁) is the volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled during the first second following maximal inspiration. It will be assessed by spirometry and reported in liters (L), with values approximately 80-120% of the predicted value considered within the normal range.
FEV₁/FVC Ratio
Time frame: Baseline
The FEV₁/FVC ratio represents the proportion of the forced vital capacity exhaled during the first second of forced expiration. It will be assessed by spirometry and reported as a percentage (%), with values ≥70% generally considered within the normal range in adults.
Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF)
Time frame: Baseline
Peak expiratory flow (PEF) is the maximum flow rate achieved during a forced expiration following maximal inspiration. It will be assessed by spirometry and reported in liters per second (L/s), with values interpreted according to age, sex, height, and predicted reference values.
Maximum Voluntary Ventilation (MVV)
Time frame: Baseline
Maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) is the maximum volume of air that can be inhaled and exhaled voluntarily over a specified period of time. It will be assessed by spirometry and reported in liters per minute (L/min), with values approximately 80-120% of the predicted value considered within the normal range.
Trunk Flexion Peak Torque at 60°/s
Time frame: Baseline
Trunk flexion peak torque represents the maximum torque generated by the trunk flexor muscles during isokinetic contraction. It will be assessed using a HUMAC/NORM isokinetic dynamometer at an angular velocity of 60°/s and reported in Newton-meters (Nm).
Trunk Extension Peak Torque at 60°/s
Time frame: Baseline
Trunk extension peak torque represents the maximum torque generated by the trunk extensor muscles during isokinetic contraction. It will be assessed using a HUMAC/NORM isokinetic dynamometer at an angular velocity of 60°/s and reported in Newton-meters (Nm).
Trunk Flexion Total Work at 90°/s
Time frame: Baseline
Trunk flexion total work represents the cumulative mechanical work performed by the trunk flexor muscles during repeated isokinetic contractions. It will be assessed using a HUMAC/NORM isokinetic dynamometer at an angular velocity of 90°/s and reported in Joules (J).
Trunk Extension Total Work at 90°/s
Time frame: Baseline
Trunk extension total work represents the cumulative mechanical work performed by the trunk extensor muscles during repeated isokinetic contractions. It will be assessed using a HUMAC/NORM isokinetic dynamometer at an angular velocity of 90°/s and reported in Joules (J).
4 secondary outcomes
Maximal Oxygen Consumption (VO₂max)
Time frame: Baseline
Peak Power During the Wingate Anaerobic Test
Time frame: Baseline
Mean Power During the Wingate Anaerobic Test
Time frame: Baseline
Fatigue Index During the Wingate Anaerobic Test
Time frame: Baseline
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 1 Sep 2026.
- Results publication: PubMed 32824329Kim HS, Cho SH. Correlation between Lung Function and Functional Movement in Healthy Adults. Healthcare (Basel). 2020 Aug 16;8(3):276. doi: 10.3390/healthcare8030276.
- Results publication: PubMed 39449469Kurokawa Y, Kato S, Yokogawa N, Shimizu T, Matsubara H, Kabata T, Demura S. Relationship between Respiratory Function and the Strength of the Abdominal Trunk Muscles Including the Diaphragm in Middle-Aged and Older Adult Patients. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2024 Sep 26;9(4):175. doi: 10.3390/jfmk9040175.
- Results publication: PubMed 25073451Sillanpaa E, Stenroth L, Bijlsma AY, Rantanen T, McPhee JS, Maden-Wilkinson TM, Jones DA, Narici MV, Gapeyeva H, Paasuke M, Barnouin Y, Hogrel JY, Butler-Browne GS, Meskers CG, Maier AB, Tormakangas T, Sipila S. Associations between muscle strength, spirometric pulmonary function and mobility in healthy older adults. Age (Dordr). 2014;36(4):9667. doi: 10.1007/s11357-014-9667-7. Epub 2014 Jul 30.
- Results publication: PubMed 38193516Ozkal O, Demircioglu A, Topuz S. Clarifying the relationships between trunk muscle endurance, respiratory muscle strength and static/dynamic postural control in Latin dancers. Sports Biomech. 2025 Jun;24(6):1562-1575. doi: 10.1080/14763141.2024.2301984. Epub 2024 Jan 9.
- Results publication: PubMed 41010575Tokgoz G, Cinarli S, Akyol B, Aygoren C, Beykumul A, Larsen MN, Krustrup P, Franca C, Gouveia ER, Cinarli FS. Associations Between Pulmonary Function and Muscle Strength in Turkish National Karate Athletes. J Clin Med. 2025 Sep 10;14(18):6370. doi: 10.3390/jcm14186370.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Pulmonary Function and Aerobic Performance, run by Istanbul University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: opening soon, as of the sponsor's last update on 1 Sep 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Şensu DİNÇER, Medical Doctor (+90 505 694 76 73, sdincer@istanbul.edu.tr), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) (time frame: Baseline). The study lists 9 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07792174, which also lists 5 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 1 Sep 2026.