Exercise PerformanceNCT07797062
Effects of Beetroot Juice and Caffeinated Coffee on Exercise Performance in Recreationally Active Men
A study testing Beetroot juice, Caffeinated Turkish Coffee and Water in people with Exercise Performance, run by Acibadem University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
The goal of this clinical trial was to evaluate how acute intake of beetroot juice, caffeinated coffee, and their combination affected aerobic and anaerobic exercise performance in healthy recreationally active men. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 45 years, men onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Exercise Performance
- What is being tested?
- Beetroot juice, Caffeinated Turkish Coffee and Water
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 16 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 5 Dec 2024to 26 Dec 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 45 years
- Men only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Male recreational athletes aged 18 to 45 years
- Healthy volunteers who regularly trained 4 to 5 days per week
- At least 5 years of participation in sports involving high-intensity sprint-type activities
- No disease or injury that prevented participation in exercise
- Not following a specific diet program
- No known sensitivity to caffeine or nitrate intake
- Non-smoker
- No use of nutritional supplements or ergogenic aids that could affect physical or cognitive performance during the previous 2 months
Who cannot join
- Use of performance-related nutritional supplements during the previous 2 months
- Vegetarian or vegan dietary pattern
- Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, diuretics, or laxatives
- Any known food allergy or intolerance
- Smoking
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Acibadem Sports Athlete Health Center
Istanbul, Istanbul, 34349
About this study
Official title: Evaluation of the Effects of Acute Beetroot Juice and Caffeinated Coffee Intake on Aerobic and Anaerobic Performance in Recreational Athletes
The goal of this clinical trial was to evaluate how acute intake of beetroot juice, caffeinated coffee, and their combination affected aerobic and anaerobic exercise performance in healthy recreationally active men. The main questions were:
Did beetroot juice, caffeinated coffee, or their combination improve aerobic exercise performance? Did beetroot juice, caffeinated coffee, or their combination improve countermovement jump performance?
Read more
Researchers compared four conditions: control, caffeinated coffee, beetroot juice, and beetroot juice combined with caffeinated coffee. Each participant completed all four conditions in a randomized crossover design, with a 1-week washout period between sessions.
Participants:
Completed a familiarization session before the experimental sessions Consumed water only, caffeinated Turkish coffee, beetroot juice, or both beetroot juice and caffeinated coffee depending on the assigned condition Performed a countermovement jump test Performed a 20-m multistage shuttle run test Had heart rate and rating of perceived exertion assessed during exercise testing
Read the detailed description
Before each experimental session, participants were instructed to maintain their habitual diet and training routine and to avoid strenuous exercise, alcohol, caffeine-containing foods and beverages, and ergogenic aids during the preceding 24 hours. Compliance with these instructions was confirmed before testing.
Participants completed a familiarization session 2 days before the first experimental session. All exercise assessments were conducted in the morning using the same standardized warm-up and test order. Countermovement jump testing was performed before the 20-m multistage shuttle run test.
- Conditions
- Exercise Performance
- Being tested
- Beetroot juice, Caffeinated Turkish Coffee, Water
- Keywords
- Beetroot Juice, Dietary Nitrate, Caffeine, Coffee, Aerobic Performance, Anerobic Performance, Countermovement Jump, 20-m Shuttle Run, Recreational Athletes, Crossover Trial
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Beetroot juiceDietary supplement
Participants consumed 70 mL of concentrated beetroot juice providing 6.5 mmol of nitrate according to the manufacturer's specification. The beetroot juice was consumed approximately 2.5 hours before exercise testing.
Caffeinated Turkish CoffeeOther
Turkish coffee was individually prepared to provide an estimated caffeine dose of 4 mg/kg body mass. The caffeine dose was calculated using an estimated caffeine content of 17 mg/g of coffee. Approximately 14-20 g of coffee was prepared with 100 mL of water and consumed approximately 60 minutes before exercise testing.
WaterOther
During the control condition, participants received no experimental supplement and consumed water only before completing the standardized exercise testing protocol.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Sequence 1 | Experimental | Participants received the interventions in the following order: control, caffeinated coffee, combined beetroot juice plus caffeinated coffee, and beetroot juice. Experimental periods were separated by a 1-week washout interval. Receives: Dietary Supplement: Beetroot juice; Other: Caffeinated Turkish Coffee; Other: Water |
| Sequence 2 | Experimental | Participants received the interventions in the following order: control, caffeinated coffee, combined beetroot juice plus caffeinated coffee, and beetroot juice. Experimental periods were separated by a 1-week washout interval. Receives: Dietary Supplement: Beetroot juice; Other: Caffeinated Turkish Coffee; Other: Water |
| Sequence 3 | Experimental | Participants received the interventions in the following order: control, caffeinated coffee, combined beetroot juice plus caffeinated coffee, and beetroot juice. Experimental periods were separated by a 1-week washout interval. Receives: Dietary Supplement: Beetroot juice; Other: Caffeinated Turkish Coffee; Other: Water |
| Sequence 4 | Experimental | Participants received the interventions in the following order: control, caffeinated coffee, combined beetroot juice plus caffeinated coffee, and beetroot juice. Experimental periods were separated by a 1-week washout interval. Receives: Dietary Supplement: Beetroot juice; Other: Caffeinated Turkish Coffee; Other: Water |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Estimated Maximal Oxygen Uptake (VO₂max)
Estimated VO2max (mL/kg/min) was calculated from the maximal running speed achieved during the 20-m multistage shuttle run test using the predefined equation.
Measured: At each of the four experimental sessions; sessions were separated by a 1-week washout period.
Maximal Running Speed
Highest running speed (km/h) achieved during the 20-m multistage shuttle run test.
Measured: At each of the four experimental sessions; sessions were separated by a 1-week washout period.
Number of Completed Shuttles
Total number of successfully completed 20-m shuttles during the multistage shuttle run test.
Measured: At each of the four experimental sessions; sessions were separated by a 1-week washout period.
Total Distance Covered
Total distance (m) completed during the 20-m multistage shuttle run test.
Measured: At each of the four experimental sessions; sessions were separated by a 1-week washout period.
Countermovement Jump Height
Maximum countermovement jump height (cm) obtained from three trials using a dual force-platform system. The highest value was used.
Measured: At each of the four experimental sessions; sessions were separated by a 1-week washout period.
Countermovement Jump Peak Power
Peak power (W) recorded during the countermovement jump assessment.
Measured: At each of the four experimental sessions; sessions were separated by a 1-week washout period.
Secondary outcomes (3)
Mean Heart Rate
Mean heart rate (beats/min) recorded during exercise testing.
Measured: During exercise testing at each of the four experimental sessions.
Maximum Heart Rate
Maximum heart rate (beats/min) recorded during exercise testing.
Measured: During exercise testing at each of the four experimental sessions.
Rating of Perceived Exertion
Rating of perceived exertion assessed using the Borg 6-20 scale.
Measured: Immediately after exercise testing at each of the four experimental sessions.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted1 Sep 2026
- Study start5 Dec 2024
- Primary completion26 Dec 2024
- Study completion26 Dec 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Exercise PerformanceStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Model description
- Participants completed all four experimental conditions (control, caffeinated coffee, beetroot juice, and combined beetroot juice plus caffeinated coffee) in a randomized four-period crossover design. Four intervention sequences were used, and consecutive experimental periods were separated by a 1-week washout interval.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 16 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Acibadem University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07797062
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2024-18/686
- Status last verified
- Aug 2026
- First submitted
- 27 Aug 2026
- Last updated
- 1 Sep 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Individual participant data generated during the study are not planned to be shared with other researchers.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 1 Sep 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Evaluation of the Effects of Acute Beetroot Juice and Caffeinated Coffee Intake on Aerobic and Anaerobic Performance in Recreational Athletes
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07797062
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2024-18/686
- Conditions
- Exercise Performance
- Keywords
- Beetroot Juice, Dietary Nitrate, Caffeine, Coffee, Aerobic Performance, Anerobic Performance, Countermovement Jump, 20-m Shuttle Run
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 16 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Acibadem UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 5 Dec 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 26 Dec 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 26 Dec 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 1 Sep 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The goal of this clinical trial was to evaluate how acute intake of beetroot juice, caffeinated coffee, and their combination affected aerobic and anaerobic exercise performance in healthy recreationally active men. The main questions were:
Did beetroot juice, caffeinated coffee, or their combination improve aerobic exercise performance? Did beetroot juice, caffeinated coffee, or their combination improve countermovement jump performance?
Researchers compared four conditions: control, caffeinated coffee, beetroot juice, and beetroot juice combined with caffeinated coffee. Each participant completed all four conditions in a randomized crossover design, with a 1-week washout period between sessions.
Participants:
Completed a familiarization session before the experimental sessions Consumed water only, caffeinated Turkish coffee, beetroot juice, or both beetroot juice and caffeinated coffee depending on the assigned condition Performed a countermovement jump test Performed a 20-m multistage shuttle run test Had heart rate and rating of perceived exertion assessed during exercise testing
Detailed description
Before each experimental session, participants were instructed to maintain their habitual diet and training routine and to avoid strenuous exercise, alcohol, caffeine-containing foods and beverages, and ergogenic aids during the preceding 24 hours. Compliance with these instructions was confirmed before testing.
Participants completed a familiarization session 2 days before the first experimental session. All exercise assessments were conducted in the morning using the same standardized warm-up and test order. Countermovement jump testing was performed before the 20-m multistage shuttle run test.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 4
- Model description
- Participants completed all four experimental conditions (control, caffeinated coffee, beetroot juice, and combined beetroot juice plus caffeinated coffee) in a randomized four-period crossover design. Four intervention sequences were used, and consecutive experimental periods were separated by a 1-week washout interval.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Sequence 1 | Experimental | Dietary Supplement: Beetroot juice, Other: Caffeinated Turkish Coffee, Other: WaterParticipants received the interventions in the following order: control, caffeinated coffee, combined beetroot juice plus caffeinated coffee, and beetroot juice. Experimental periods were separated by a 1-week washout interval. |
| Sequence 2 | Experimental | Dietary Supplement: Beetroot juice, Other: Caffeinated Turkish Coffee, Other: WaterParticipants received the interventions in the following order: control, caffeinated coffee, combined beetroot juice plus caffeinated coffee, and beetroot juice. Experimental periods were separated by a 1-week washout interval. |
| Sequence 3 | Experimental | Dietary Supplement: Beetroot juice, Other: Caffeinated Turkish Coffee, Other: WaterParticipants received the interventions in the following order: control, caffeinated coffee, combined beetroot juice plus caffeinated coffee, and beetroot juice. Experimental periods were separated by a 1-week washout interval. |
| Sequence 4 | Experimental | Dietary Supplement: Beetroot juice, Other: Caffeinated Turkish Coffee, Other: WaterParticipants received the interventions in the following order: control, caffeinated coffee, combined beetroot juice plus caffeinated coffee, and beetroot juice. Experimental periods were separated by a 1-week washout interval. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 45 years
- Sex
- Male only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (8 listed)
- Male recreational athletes aged 18 to 45 years
- Healthy volunteers who regularly trained 4 to 5 days per week
- At least 5 years of participation in sports involving high-intensity sprint-type activities
- No disease or injury that prevented participation in exercise
- Not following a specific diet program
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Use of performance-related nutritional supplements during the previous 2 months
- Vegetarian or vegan dietary pattern
- Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, diuretics, or laxatives
- Any known food allergy or intolerance
- Smoking
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Beetroot juiceParticipants consumed 70 mL of concentrated beetroot juice providing 6.5 mmol of nitrate according to the manufacturer's specification. The beetroot juice was consumed approximately 2.5 hours before exercise testing. | Dietary supplement | Sequence 1, Sequence 2, Sequence 3, Sequence 4 |
| Caffeinated Turkish CoffeeTurkish coffee was individually prepared to provide an estimated caffeine dose of 4 mg/kg body mass. The caffeine dose was calculated using an estimated caffeine content of 17 mg/g of coffee. Approximately 14-20 g of coffee was prepared with 100 mL of water and consumed approximately 60 minutes before exercise testing. | Other | Sequence 1, Sequence 2, Sequence 3, Sequence 4 |
| WaterDuring the control condition, participants received no experimental supplement and consumed water only before completing the standardized exercise testing protocol. | Other | Sequence 1, Sequence 2, Sequence 3, Sequence 4 |
Primary outcome
Estimated Maximal Oxygen Uptake (VO₂max)
Time frame: At each of the four experimental sessions; sessions were separated by a 1-week washout period.
Estimated VO2max (mL/kg/min) was calculated from the maximal running speed achieved during the 20-m multistage shuttle run test using the predefined equation.
Maximal Running Speed
Time frame: At each of the four experimental sessions; sessions were separated by a 1-week washout period.
Highest running speed (km/h) achieved during the 20-m multistage shuttle run test.
Number of Completed Shuttles
Time frame: At each of the four experimental sessions; sessions were separated by a 1-week washout period.
Total number of successfully completed 20-m shuttles during the multistage shuttle run test.
Total Distance Covered
Time frame: At each of the four experimental sessions; sessions were separated by a 1-week washout period.
Total distance (m) completed during the 20-m multistage shuttle run test.
Countermovement Jump Height
Time frame: At each of the four experimental sessions; sessions were separated by a 1-week washout period.
Maximum countermovement jump height (cm) obtained from three trials using a dual force-platform system. The highest value was used.
Countermovement Jump Peak Power
Time frame: At each of the four experimental sessions; sessions were separated by a 1-week washout period.
Peak power (W) recorded during the countermovement jump assessment.
3 secondary outcomes
Mean Heart Rate
Time frame: During exercise testing at each of the four experimental sessions.
Maximum Heart Rate
Time frame: During exercise testing at each of the four experimental sessions.
Rating of Perceived Exertion
Time frame: Immediately after exercise testing at each of the four experimental sessions.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 1 Sep 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Individual participant data generated during the study are not planned to be shared with other researchers.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Beetroot juice, Caffeinated Turkish Coffee and Water in people with Exercise Performance, run by Acibadem University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 8 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 1 Sep 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Estimated Maximal Oxygen Uptake (VO₂max) (time frame: At each of the four experimental sessions; sessions were separated by a 1-week washout period.). The study lists 6 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 1 Sep 2026.