Trauma Informed Goal Management Training With a "Support Person" Module for Individuals Impacted by Post-Traumatic Stress

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The International Trauma Exposure Measure (ITEM) is a brief self-report measure designed to assess lifetime exposure to potentially traumatic events in accordance with ICD-11 definitions. The ITEM captures exposure across a range of trauma types, including single-incident, repeated, and prolonged interpersonal and non-interpersonal events, and is used to identify qualifying trauma exposure and index events for subsequent trauma-related assessment. The ITEM has 21 dichotomously scored trauma exposure items (Yes = 1, No = 0), yielding a total lifetime trauma exposure score ranging from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating exposure to a greater number of traumatic events.

The International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) is an 18-item self-report measure designed to assess symptoms of ICD-11 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Complex PTSD (CPTSD). The ITQ evaluates the three core PTSD symptom clusters (re-experiencing, avoidance, and sense of current threat), disturbances in self-organization (affective dysregulation, negative self-concept, and disturbances in relationships), and associated functional impairment. Symptom items are rated on a 5-point Likert scale (0 = Not at all to 4 = Extremely). PTSD and disturbances in self-organization (DSO) symptom subscale scores each range from 0 to 24, and the total symptom score ranges from 0 to 48, with higher scores indicating greater PTSD/CPTSD symptom severity.

The Diagnostic Research Assessment Tool (DART) is a structured clinician-administered diagnostic interview used to assess psychiatric disorders according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). Diagnostic modules administered include Major Depressive Disorder, Persistent Depressive Disorder, Suicide Risk Assessment (if suicidal ideation is endorsed), Social Anxiety Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Panic Attack Specifier and Panic Disorder, Agoraphobia, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Alcohol Use Disorder, Substance Use Disorder, and Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder. The DART is a diagnostic interview that yields categorical DSM-5 diagnoses rather than numerical scale scores; therefore, minimum and maximum scores are not applicable.

The Multiscale Dissociation Inventory (MDI) is a 30-item self-report measure that assesses six domains of dissociative symptoms experienced over the past month: disengagement, depersonalization, derealization, emotional constriction, memory disturbance, and identity dissociation. Items are rated on a 5-point Likert scale, and a total score ranging from 30 to 150 is calculated by summing item responses, with higher scores indicating greater dissociative symptom severity.

The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) is a 36-item self-report measure that assesses difficulties in emotion regulation across six domains: nonacceptance of emotional responses, difficulties engaging in goal-directed behaviour, impulse control difficulties, lack of emotional awareness, limited access to emotion regulation strategies, and lack of emotional clarity. Items are rated on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = Almost Never to 5 = Almost Always). A total score ranging from 36 to 180 is calculated by summing item responses, with higher scores indicating greater difficulties in emotion regulation.

The Moral Injury Outcome Scale - Full (MIOS-F) is a self-report measure designed to assess psychosocial outcomes associated with exposure to potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs). The measure includes an initial assessment of exposure to PMIEs, determination of whether the most distressing event meets DSM-5 Criterion A for trauma, and 14 items assessing moral injury-related outcomes over the past month. The 14 symptom items are rated on a 5-point Likert scale (0 = Strongly disagree to 4 = Strongly agree), yielding a total score ranging from 0 to 56, with higher scores indicating greater moral injury severity.

The Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) is a self-report measure that assesses exposure to a broad range of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) across diverse cultural and international settings. It captures exposure to multiple categories of childhood adversity, including emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, neglect, household dysfunction, peer violence, community violence, and collective violence. Using the World Health Organization's standard scoring approach, responses are summarized into a cumulative ACE score ranging from 0 to 13, with higher scores indicating exposure to a greater number of categories of adverse childhood experiences.

The Cognitive Failures Questionnaire 2.0 (CFQ 2.0) is a 15-item self-report measure that assesses subjective experiences of cognitive failures in everyday life. Each item is rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (Never) to 4 (Very often). A total score ranging from 0 to 60 is calculated by summing item responses, with higher scores indicating more frequent self-reported cognitive failures and greater perceived impairment in everyday cognitive functioning.

The World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) is a 36-item self-report measure that assesses health and disability across six domains of functioning: cognition, mobility, self-care, getting along with others, life activities, and participation in society. Items are rated on a 5-point scale ranging from 0 (None) to 4 (Extreme or cannot do). Using the World Health Organization's scoring method (Score = (Retrieved Raw Score / Maximum Possible Raw Score) × 100) responses are converted to a total disability score ranging from 0 to 100, where 0 indicates no disability and 100 indicates complete disability. Higher scores indicate greater disability and functional impairment.

The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) is a 21-item self-report measure that assesses the severity of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress experienced over the past week. Items are rated on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (Did not apply to me at all) to 3 (Applied to me very much, or most of the time). Three subscale scores (Depression, Anxiety, and Stress) are calculated by summing responses to the seven items within each subscale. Raw scores are then multiplied by two-according to standard scoring procedures-such that the adjusted total scores range from 0 to 42. Higher scores indicate greater symptom severity, with established severity ranges used to classify symptoms as normal, mild, moderate, severe, or extremely severe.

The Executive Skills Questionnaire-Revised (ESQ-R) is a 25-item self-report measure that assesses executive functioning difficulties across five domains: plan management, time management, organization, emotional regulation, and behavioural regulation. Items are rated on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (Never or rarely) to 3 (Very often). A total score ranging from 0 to 75 is calculated by summing item responses, with higher scores indicating greater executive functioning difficulties.

The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) is a 12-item self-report measure that assesses perceived social support from three sources: family, friends, and a significant other. Items are rated on a 7-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (Very strongly disagree) to 7 (Very strongly agree). A total score ranging from 12 to 84 is calculated by summing item responses, with higher scores indicating greater perceived social support.

The Rapid Visual Information Processing (RVP) subtest of the 'CANTAB' battery will be self-administered via 'CANTAB' (a web-based platform for assessing cognitive functioning) to assess sustained attention. A standard score (mean=100, SD=15) and corresponding percentile rank are derived from the individual's raw score to indicate where the individual's scores fall on a normal distribution. An individual with a standard score of 100 and corresponding percentile rank of 50 is exactly at the average score for these tasks, and scores above or below 100 can easily be understood in relation to this average. Higher scores may indicate greater performance on these tasks. Hypothetically, under the normal distribution, the 'minimum' and the 'maximum' values are unbounded, however, in practice, these values may range between ≤ 20 and ≥ 150.

Match to Sample Visual Search (MTS) subtest of the 'CANTAB' battery will be self-administered via 'CANTAB' (a web-based platform for assessing cognitive functioning) to assess attention and visual searching, with a speed-accuracy trade-off. A standard score (mean=100, SD=15) and corresponding percentile rank are derived from the individual's raw score to indicate where the individual's scores fall on a normal distribution. An individual with a standard score of 100 and corresponding percentile rank of 50 is exactly at the average score for these tasks, and scores above or below 100 can easily be understood in relation to this average. Higher scores may indicate greater performance on these tasks. Hypothetically, under the normal distribution, the 'minimum' and the 'maximum' values are unbounded, however, in practice, these values may range between ≤ 20 and ≥ 150.

One Touch Stockings of Cambridge (OTS) subtest of the 'CANTAB' battery will be self-administered via 'CANTAB' (a web-based platform for assessing cognitive functioning) to assess executive function, planning and working memory, measuring both latency and accuracy of responses. A standard score (mean=100, SD=15) and corresponding percentile rank are derived from the individual's raw score to indicate where the individual's scores fall on a normal distribution. An individual with a standard score of 100 and corresponding percentile rank of 50 is exactly at the average score for these tasks, and scores above or below 100 can easily be understood in relation to this average. Higher scores may indicate greater performance on these tasks. Hypothetically, under the normal distribution, the 'minimum' and the 'maximum' values are unbounded, however, in practice, these values may range between ≤ 20 and ≥ 150.

Spatial Working Memory (SWM) subtest of the 'CANTAB' battery will be self-administered via 'CANTAB' (a web-based platform for assessing cognitive functioning) to assess retention and manipulation of visuospatial information, with notable executive function demands that measures strategy use and errors. A standard score (mean=100, SD=15) and corresponding percentile rank are derived from the individual's raw score to indicate where the individual's scores fall on a normal distribution. An individual with a standard score of 100 and corresponding percentile rank of 50 is exactly at the average score for these tasks, and scores above or below 100 can easily be understood in relation to this average. Higher scores may indicate greater performance on these tasks. Hypothetically, under the normal distribution, the 'minimum' and the 'maximum' values are unbounded, however, in practice, these values may range between ≤ 20 and ≥ 150.

Stockings of Cambridge (SOC) subtest of the 'CANTAB' battery will be self-administered via 'CANTAB' (a web-based platform for assessing cognitive functioning) to assess spatial planning, requiring individuals to use problem-solving strategies to match two sets of stimuli in as few moves as possible. A standard score (mean=100, SD=15) and corresponding percentile rank are derived from the individual's raw score to indicate where the individual's scores fall on a normal distribution. An individual with a standard score of 100 and corresponding percentile rank of 50 is exactly at the average score for these tasks, and scores above or below 100 can easily be understood in relation to this average. Higher scores may indicate greater performance on these tasks. Hypothetically, under the normal distribution, the 'minimum' and the 'maximum' values are unbounded, however, in practice, these values may range between ≤ 20 and ≥ 150.

Paired Associates Learning (PAL) subtest of the 'CANTAB' battery will be self-administered via 'CANTAB' (a web-based platform for assessing cognitive functioning) to assess visual memory, new learning, and episodic memory. A standard score (mean=100, SD=15) and corresponding percentile rank are derived from the individual's raw score to indicate where the individual's scores fall on a normal distribution. An individual with a standard score of 100 and corresponding percentile rank of 50 is exactly at the average score for these tasks, and scores above or below 100 can easily be understood in relation to this average. Higher scores may indicate greater performance on these tasks. Hypothetically, under the normal distribution, the 'minimum' and the 'maximum' values are unbounded, however, in practice, these values may range between ≤ 20 and ≥ 150.