Parenting StressNCT07802535
Bashaoor Tarbiyat-e-Aulad Program for Reducing Parenting Stress
A study testing Bashaoor Tarbiyat-e-Aulad in people with Parenting Stress and Parent Child Relationship, run by National University of Modern Languages at 1 site in Pakistan.
Trial summary
This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of the culturally adapted Bashaoor Tarbiyat-e-Aulad (BTA) program, an Urdu adaptation of the Mindful Parenting Program developed by Bögels and Restifo, in reducing parenting stress and improving parent and child outcomes among Pakistani mothers. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older, women only
- Conditions the study is for
- Parenting Stress, Parent Child Relationship, Parent Stress
- What is being tested?
- Bashaoor Tarbiyat-e-Aulad
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 127 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePakistan
- Study dates
- 10 May 2022to 20 Aug 2022
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- Women only
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Married mothers living with their spouses. Mothers of children (boys or girls) aged 6 to 11 years. Minimum educational qualification of matriculation with the ability to understand, read, and write Urdu.
- Community (non-clinical) sample with no participant undergoing psychological treatment or taking psychotropic medication.
Who cannot join
- Individuals not living with their spouse. Parents of children outside the age range of 6 to 11 years. Individuals with less than a matriculation education or unable to understand, read, and write Urdu.
- Participants currently receiving psychological treatment or taking psychotropic medication.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Effectiveness of "Mindful Parenting" Program in Reducing Parenting Stress
This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of the culturally adapted Bashaoor Tarbiyat-e-Aulad (BTA) program, an Urdu adaptation of the Mindful Parenting Program developed by Bögels and Restifo, in reducing parenting stress and improving parent and child outcomes among Pakistani mothers. Mothers of children aged 6-11 years were randomly assigned to either a nine-session BTA intervention or a waitlist control group. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and immediately after the intervention using standardized measures of parenting stress, parenting competence, mindful parenting, parental well-being, and child behavioral and emotional problems. The study aimed to determine whether participation in BTA would reduce parenting stress while enhancing mindful parenting, parental well-being, and children's behavioral and emotional functioning in a non-clinical community sample.
Read the detailed description
Parenting stress is a significant risk factor for impaired parent-child relationships, reduced parental well-being, and adverse behavioral and emotional outcomes in children. Although mindfulness-based parenting interventions have demonstrated effectiveness in reducing parenting stress and improving family functioning in many countries, evidence from Pakistan has been limited, and existing parenting interventions have primarily focused on modifying child behavior rather than improving parental self-regulation and mindful awareness.
The present study evaluated the effectiveness of Bashaoor Tarbiyat-e-Aulad (BTA), a culturally adapted Urdu version of the Mindful Parenting Program originally developed by Bögels and Restifo. Prior to the effectiveness trial, the intervention underwent systematic translation, cultural adaptation, pilot testing, and refinement to ensure linguistic, cultural, and religious appropriateness for Pakistani families. Adaptations included translation into Urdu, incorporation of culturally relevant examples, integration of Islamic concepts and Quranic verses where appropriate, replacement of yoga with mindful body stretches, and modification of home practice activities.
Study III employed a randomized controlled trial with a pretest-posttest waitlist control design. Mothers of children aged 6-11 years residing in Islamabad and Rawalpindi were recruited from the community through social media and personal contacts. Eligible participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the waitlist control group.
The intervention consisted of nine structured group sessions designed to cultivate mindfulness in parenting, improve emotional awareness and regulation, increase parental self-compassion and competence, and reduce automatic and reactive parenting patterns. Participants in both groups completed standardized outcome measures at baseline and immediately following the intervention.
Primary outcomes included parenting stress, parenting competence, and mindful parenting. Secondary outcomes included self-compassion, couple satisfaction, marital satisfaction, mental well-being, dispositional mindfulness, and child behavioral and emotional problems. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, baseline equivalence testing, repeated-measures analysis of variance, and analyses adjusting for baseline differences to compare changes between the intervention and waitlist control groups.
- Conditions
- Parenting Stress, Parent Child Relationship, Parent Stress
- Being tested
- Bashaoor Tarbiyat-e-Aulad
- Keywords
- Mindful Parenting Bashaoor Tarbiyat-e-Aulad Parenting Stress Mindfulness Parenting Intervention
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Bashaoor Tarbiyat-e-AuladBehavioural
Bashaoor Tarbiyat-e-Aulad (BTA) is a culturally adapted Urdu version of the Mindful Parenting Program. The intervention consisted of nine structured group sessions delivered to mothers of children aged 6-11 years. The program included mindfulness practices, mindful parenting exercises, psychoeducation, emotional awareness and regulation, self-compassion, mindful communication, and home practice activities designed to reduce parenting stress and improve parent-child relationships. Each session was delivered according to a standardized intervention manual.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Bashaoor Tarbiyat-e-Aulad (BTA) | Experimental | Participants assigned to the experimental arm received the Bashaoor Tarbiyat-e-Aulad (BTA) program, a culturally adapted Urdu version of the Mindful Parenting Program. The intervention consisted of nine structured group sessions focusing on mindful parenting, emotional awareness, self-compassion, stress regulation, and mindful parent-child interactions. Outcome measures were assessed at baseline and immediately after completion of the intervention. Receives: Behavioral: Bashaoor Tarbiyat-e-Aulad |
| Waitlist Control | No intervention | Participants assigned to the waitlist control arm did not receive intervention during the study period. They completed the same baseline and post-intervention assessments as the experimental group and were scheduled to receive the intervention after completion of the trial. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Parenting Stress (measured using the Parental Stress Scale [PSS])
Parenting stress was assessed using a validated self-report measure to evaluate changes in the level of parenting stress from baseline to immediately after completion of the intervention.
Measured: Baseline and immediately post-intervention (after completion of the 9-session intervention).
Secondary outcomes (6)
Parenting Sense of Competence
Parenting sense of competence measured using the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC) to assess parental competence, satisfaction, and self-efficacy.
Measured: Baseline and immediately post-intervention.
Mindful Parenting
Mindful parenting measured using the Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale (IM-P) to assess mindful awareness, attention, non-judgmental acceptance, emotional awareness, and non-reactivity in parenting.
Measured: Baseline and immediately post-intervention.
Self-Compassion
Self-compassion measured using the Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF).
Measured: Baseline and immediately post-intervention
Marital Satisfaction
Marital satisfaction measured using the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale (KMSS).
Measured: Baseline and immediately post-intervention.
Dispositional Mindfulness
Dispositional mindfulness measured using the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS).
Measured: Baseline and immediately post-intervention.
Child Behavioral and Emotional Problems
Child behavioral and emotional problems measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) completed by mothers.
Measured: Baseline and immediately post-intervention.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted3 Sep 2026
- Study start10 May 2022
- Primary completion18 Aug 2022
- Study completion20 Aug 2022
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Parenting StressStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 127 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- National University of Modern Languages
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Uzma Shafiq, PhD Psychology, Principal investigator, National University of Modern Languages
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07802535
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- NUML-PSY-RCT-BTA-USHAFIQ
- Status last verified
- Aug 2026
- First submitted
- 30 Aug 2026
- Last updated
- 3 Sep 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: It will not be shared because of no consent from participants.
Publications
• Shafiq, U., & Mushtaq, A., (2024). Validation of Urdu Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting (IM-P) scale on Pakistani mothers. Human Nature Journal of Social Sciences, 5(2), 221-234. https://hnpublisher.com/ojs/index.php/HNJSS/article/view/492
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 3 Sep 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effectiveness of "Mindful Parenting" Program in Reducing Parenting Stress
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07802535
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- NUML-PSY-RCT-BTA-USHAFIQ
- Conditions
- Parenting Stress, Parent Child Relationship, Parent Stress
- Keywords
- Mindful Parenting Bashaoor Tarbiyat-e-Aulad Parenting Stress Mindfulness Parenting Intervention
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 127 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- National University of Modern LanguagesUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 10 May 2022 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 18 Aug 2022 (actual)
- Study completion
- 20 Aug 2022 (actual)
- First posted
- 3 Sep 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of the culturally adapted Bashaoor Tarbiyat-e-Aulad (BTA) program, an Urdu adaptation of the Mindful Parenting Program developed by Bögels and Restifo, in reducing parenting stress and improving parent and child outcomes among Pakistani mothers. Mothers of children aged 6-11 years were randomly assigned to either a nine-session BTA intervention or a waitlist control group. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and immediately after the intervention using standardized measures of parenting stress, parenting competence, mindful parenting, parental well-being, and child behavioral and emotional problems. The study aimed to determine whether participation in BTA would reduce parenting stress while enhancing mindful parenting, parental well-being, and children's behavioral and emotional functioning in a non-clinical community sample.
Detailed description
Parenting stress is a significant risk factor for impaired parent-child relationships, reduced parental well-being, and adverse behavioral and emotional outcomes in children. Although mindfulness-based parenting interventions have demonstrated effectiveness in reducing parenting stress and improving family functioning in many countries, evidence from Pakistan has been limited, and existing parenting interventions have primarily focused on modifying child behavior rather than improving parental self-regulation and mindful awareness.
The present study evaluated the effectiveness of Bashaoor Tarbiyat-e-Aulad (BTA), a culturally adapted Urdu version of the Mindful Parenting Program originally developed by Bögels and Restifo. Prior to the effectiveness trial, the intervention underwent systematic translation, cultural adaptation, pilot testing, and refinement to ensure linguistic, cultural, and religious appropriateness for Pakistani families. Adaptations included translation into Urdu, incorporation of culturally relevant examples, integration of Islamic concepts and Quranic verses where appropriate, replacement of yoga with mindful body stretches, and modification of home practice activities.
Study III employed a randomized controlled trial with a pretest-posttest waitlist control design. Mothers of children aged 6-11 years residing in Islamabad and Rawalpindi were recruited from the community through social media and personal contacts. Eligible participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the waitlist control group.
The intervention consisted of nine structured group sessions designed to cultivate mindfulness in parenting, improve emotional awareness and regulation, increase parental self-compassion and competence, and reduce automatic and reactive parenting patterns. Participants in both groups completed standardized outcome measures at baseline and immediately following the intervention.
Primary outcomes included parenting stress, parenting competence, and mindful parenting. Secondary outcomes included self-compassion, couple satisfaction, marital satisfaction, mental well-being, dispositional mindfulness, and child behavioral and emotional problems. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, baseline equivalence testing, repeated-measures analysis of variance, and analyses adjusting for baseline differences to compare changes between the intervention and waitlist control groups.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Bashaoor Tarbiyat-e-Aulad (BTA) | Experimental | Behavioral: Bashaoor Tarbiyat-e-AuladParticipants assigned to the experimental arm received the Bashaoor Tarbiyat-e-Aulad (BTA) program, a culturally adapted Urdu version of the Mindful Parenting Program. The intervention consisted of nine structured group sessions focusing on mindful parenting, emotional awareness, self-compassion, stress regulation, and mindful parent-child interactions. Outcome measures were assessed at baseline and immediately after completion of the intervention. |
| Waitlist Control | No intervention | –Participants assigned to the waitlist control arm did not receive intervention during the study period. They completed the same baseline and post-intervention assessments as the experimental group and were scheduled to receive the intervention after completion of the trial. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Married mothers living with their spouses. Mothers of children (boys or girls) aged 6 to 11 years. Minimum educational qualification of matriculation with the ability to understand, read, and write Urdu.
- Community (non-clinical) sample with no participant undergoing psychological treatment or taking psychotropic medication.
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Individuals not living with their spouse. Parents of children outside the age range of 6 to 11 years. Individuals with less than a matriculation education or unable to understand, read, and write Urdu.
- Participants currently receiving psychological treatment or taking psychotropic medication.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Bashaoor Tarbiyat-e-AuladBashaoor Tarbiyat-e-Aulad (BTA) is a culturally adapted Urdu version of the Mindful Parenting Program. The intervention consisted of nine structured group sessions delivered to mothers of children aged 6-11 years. The program included mindfulness practices, mindful parenting exercises, psychoeducation, emotional awareness and regulation, self-compassion, mindful communication, and home practice activities designed to reduce parenting stress and improve parent-child relationships. Each session was delivered according to a standardized intervention manual. | Behavioural | Bashaoor Tarbiyat-e-Aulad (BTA) |
Primary outcome
Parenting Stress (measured using the Parental Stress Scale [PSS])
Time frame: Baseline and immediately post-intervention (after completion of the 9-session intervention).
Parenting stress was assessed using a validated self-report measure to evaluate changes in the level of parenting stress from baseline to immediately after completion of the intervention.
6 secondary outcomes
Parenting Sense of Competence
Time frame: Baseline and immediately post-intervention.
Mindful Parenting
Time frame: Baseline and immediately post-intervention.
Self-Compassion
Time frame: Baseline and immediately post-intervention
Marital Satisfaction
Time frame: Baseline and immediately post-intervention.
Dispositional Mindfulness
Time frame: Baseline and immediately post-intervention.
Child Behavioral and Emotional Problems
Time frame: Baseline and immediately post-intervention.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 3 Sep 2026.
- Results publication• Shafiq, U., & Mushtaq, A., (2024). Validation of Urdu Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting (IM-P) scale on Pakistani mothers. Human Nature Journal of Social Sciences, 5(2), 221-234. https://hnpublisher.com/ojs/index.php/HNJSS/article/view/492
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. It will not be shared because of no consent from participants.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Uzma Shafiq, PhD Psychology principal investigator
National University of Modern Languages
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Bashaoor Tarbiyat-e-Aulad in people with Parenting Stress and Parent Child Relationship, run by National University of Modern Languages at 1 site in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 3 Sep 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Parenting Stress (measured using the Parental Stress Scale [PSS]) (time frame: Baseline and immediately post-intervention (after completion of the 9-session intervention).). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07802535, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 3 Sep 2026.