GingivitisNCT07826715
Personalized 3D Visualization for Oral Hygiene and Motivation in Adults With Gingivitis
A study testing Conventional Oral Hygiene Education, Three-Dimensional Animation-Based Oral Hygiene Education and Personalized Three-Dimensional Visualization With Motivational Discussion in people with Gingivitis, run by Abant Izzet Baysal University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This study evaluated whether personalized three-dimensional images of possible future changes in the gums could improve oral hygiene and motivation in adults with gingivitis. Gingivitis is inflammation of the gums associated with dental plaque. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 60 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Gingivitis
- What is being tested?
- Conventional Oral Hygiene Education, Three-Dimensional Animation-Based Oral Hygiene Education and Personalized Three-Dimensional Visualization With Motivational Discussion
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine, Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 88 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 15 Aug 2021to 15 Dec 2021
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 60 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Adults aged 18-60 years. Systemically healthy. Diagnosis of gingivitis according to the 2017 World Workshop classification. At least 20 natural teeth, excluding third molars. At least 12 years of formal education. Turkish as the native language. Probing depths ≤3 mm. Bleeding on probing at more than 10% of sites. Visible plaque at more than 50% of sites. Provision of written informed consent.
Who cannot join
- Dentists or dental students. Previous periodontal treatment or structured oral hygiene education. Use of antibiotics or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs within the preceding 3 months.
- Generalized gingival recession or dentin hypersensitivity. Full-arch fixed or removable prostheses. Acute odontogenic infections. Overhanging or defective restorations, or root caries that could affect oral hygiene practices.
- Active orthodontic treatment. Communicable diseases such as hepatitis or HIV infection. Cognitive, systemic, or physical conditions that could interfere with understanding the educational content or performing oral hygiene practices.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Faculty of Dentistry, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Department of Periodontics
Bolu, Central, 14100
About this study
This study evaluated whether personalized three-dimensional images of possible future changes in the gums could improve oral hygiene and motivation in adults with gingivitis. Gingivitis is inflammation of the gums associated with dental plaque.
Eighty-four adults aged 18-60 years were randomly assigned to three groups of 28 participants. The groups received conventional oral hygiene education, general three-dimensional educational animations, or personalized three-dimensional visualization using models created from their own intraoral scans. All participants received the same nonsurgical periodontal treatment and instruction in toothbrushing and cleaning between the teeth.
Read more
The personalized images illustrated possible gum recession and tissue changes if periodontal care and daily plaque control were neglected. They were educational scenarios, not individual predictions of future disease. Personalized visualization was accompanied by a clinician-guided motivational discussion.
Dental plaque, gum inflammation, gum bleeding, and motivation toward dental treatment were assessed before treatment and six weeks later. The study compared these outcomes among the three educational approaches.
- Conditions
- Gingivitis
- Being tested
- Conventional Oral Hygiene Education, Three-Dimensional Animation-Based Oral Hygiene Education, Personalized Three-Dimensional Visualization With Motivational Discussion
- Keywords
- Oral hygiene education, Personalized three-dimensional visualization, Dental plaque, Gingival inflammation, Dental treatment motivation, Patient education
- Medical subject headings
- Gingivitis, Dental Plaque
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Conventional Oral Hygiene EducationBehavioural
Face-to-face education delivered by a clinician using a dental model and a written information leaflet. The content covered the causes of periodontal diseases, the role of dental plaque, and daily oral hygiene practices. Participants received instruction in the modified Bass toothbrushing technique and appropriate interdental cleaning.
Three-Dimensional Animation-Based Oral Hygiene EducationBehavioural
Clinician-guided oral hygiene education using DentalMaster three-dimensional educational software. The content covered the causes and clinical signs of periodontal diseases, periodontal treatment, and daily oral care. General three-dimensional animations illustrated potential gingival recession, periodontal tissue loss, and tooth loss associated with inadequate plaque control. Participants received instruction in the modified Bass toothbrushing technique and appropriate interdental cleaning.
Personalized Three-Dimensional Visualization With Motivational DiscussionBehavioural
Participants viewed general educational animations about periodontal disease, treatment, and daily oral care, followed by personalized three-dimensional dentogingival models generated from their own intraoral scans using the Periodontal Disease Prediction (PDP) system. The models illustrated potential gingival recession and visible periodontal tissue changes if periodontal care and daily plaque control were neglected. These images were presented as conditional educational scenarios, not individualized prognostic predictions. A clinician-guided motivational discussion addressed personal goals and barriers to oral hygiene. Participants also received instruction in the modified Bass toothbrushing technique and appropriate interdental cleaning.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Conventional Method (CM) | Active comparator | Participants received nonsurgical periodontal treatment and conventional face-to-face oral hygiene education supported by practical demonstrations using a dental model and a written information leaflet. Education covered periodontal disease, dental plaque, and daily oral hygiene practices, including the modified Bass toothbrushing technique and appropriate interdental cleaning. Receives: Behavioral: Conventional Oral Hygiene Education |
| Three-Dimensional Animation (3DA) | Active comparator | Participants received nonsurgical periodontal treatment and clinician-guided oral hygiene education using DentalMaster three-dimensional educational software. The educational content covered the causes and clinical signs of periodontal diseases, periodontal treatment, and daily oral care. General three-dimensional animations illustrated potential gingival recession, periodontal tissue loss, and tooth loss associated with inadequate plaque control. Participants were instructed in the modified Bass toothbrushing technique and appropriate interdental cleaning. Receives: Behavioral: Three-Dimensional Animation-Based Oral Hygiene Education |
| Periodontal Disease Prediction (PDP) | Active comparator | Participants received nonsurgical periodontal treatment and clinician-guided education on periodontal disease and daily oral care. Personalized three-dimensional dentogingival models generated from their intraoral scans using the Periodontal Disease Prediction (PDP) system illustrated potential gingival recession and visible tissue changes if periodontal care and plaque control were neglected. Images were presented as conditional educational scenarios, not individualized prognostic predictions. Visualization was accompanied by a motivational discussion addressing personal goals and barriers to oral hygiene. Participants were instructed in the modified Bass toothbrushing technique and appropriate interdental cleaning. Receives: Behavioral: Personalized Three-Dimensional Visualization With Motivational Discussion |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in Full-Mouth Rustogi Modified Navy Plaque Index From Baseline to Week 6
Dental plaque was assessed using the Rustogi Modified Navy Plaque Index (RMNPI) after application of a plaque-disclosing agent. The facial and lingual/palatal surfaces of each eligible tooth were divided into nine areas, scored as 0 for absence of plaque or 1 for presence of plaque. The full-mouth score was calculated as the proportion of assessed areas with plaque, ranging from 0 to 1, with higher scores indicating more plaque. Third molars and teeth with crowns or cervical restorations were excluded. Change was calculated as the week 6 score minus the baseline score; negative values indicate improvement.
Measured: Baseline and 6 weeks
Secondary outcomes (4)
Change in Full-Mouth Gingival Index From Baseline to Week 6
Gingival inflammation was assessed using the Löe and Silness Gingival Index at four sites around each tooth. Scores range from 0 to 3, with higher scores indicating more severe gingival inflammation. A full-mouth mean score was calculated for each participant. Change was calculated as the week 6 score minus the baseline score; negative values indicate improvement.
Measured: Baseline and 6 weeks
Change in Full-Mouth Papillary Bleeding Index From Baseline to Week 6
Interdental gingival bleeding was assessed using the Papillary Bleeding Index (PBI). Interdental papillae were scored from 0 to 4 according to the severity of bleeding elicited after probing, with higher scores indicating more severe bleeding. A full-mouth mean score was calculated for each participant. Change was calculated as the week 6 score minus the baseline score; negative values indicate improvement.
Measured: Baseline and 6 weeks
Intrinsic Motivation Assessed by the Dental Treatment Motivation Scale
Intrinsic motivation was assessed using the seven-item intrinsic motivation subscale of the Dental Treatment Motivation Scale (DTMS). Each item was rated on a five-point Likert scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). The mean item score was calculated, ranging from 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating greater intrinsic motivation. Scores were assessed at baseline and week 6 and compared among the three study groups.
Measured: Baseline and 6 weeks
Extrinsic Motivation Assessed by the Dental Treatment Motivation Scale
Extrinsic motivation was assessed using the eight-item extrinsic motivation subscale of the Dental Treatment Motivation Scale (DTMS). Each item was rated on a five-point Likert scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). The mean item score was calculated, ranging from 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating greater extrinsic motivation. Scores were assessed at baseline and week 6 and compared among the three study groups.
Measured: Baseline and 6 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted17 Sep 2026
- Study start15 Aug 2021
- Primary completion15 Nov 2021
- Study completion15 Dec 2021
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for GingivitisStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Abant Izzet Baysal UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 88 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Abant Izzet Baysal University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Zeynep AKGÜL, Abant Izzet Baysal University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07826715
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- BAİBU-Perio-ZA-05
- Status last verified
- Sep 2026
- First submitted
- 14 Sep 2026
- Last updated
- 17 Sep 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 17 Sep 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Personalized 3D Visualization for Oral Hygiene and Motivation in Adults With Gingivitis
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07826715
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- BAİBU-Perio-ZA-05
- Conditions
- Gingivitis
- Keywords
- Oral hygiene education, Personalized three-dimensional visualization, Dental plaque, Gingival inflammation, Dental treatment motivation, Patient education
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 88 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Abant Izzet Baysal UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 15 Aug 2021 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 15 Nov 2021 (actual)
- Study completion
- 15 Dec 2021 (actual)
- First posted
- 17 Sep 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study evaluated whether personalized three-dimensional images of possible future changes in the gums could improve oral hygiene and motivation in adults with gingivitis. Gingivitis is inflammation of the gums associated with dental plaque.
Eighty-four adults aged 18-60 years were randomly assigned to three groups of 28 participants. The groups received conventional oral hygiene education, general three-dimensional educational animations, or personalized three-dimensional visualization using models created from their own intraoral scans. All participants received the same nonsurgical periodontal treatment and instruction in toothbrushing and cleaning between the teeth.
The personalized images illustrated possible gum recession and tissue changes if periodontal care and daily plaque control were neglected. They were educational scenarios, not individual predictions of future disease. Personalized visualization was accompanied by a clinician-guided motivational discussion.
Dental plaque, gum inflammation, gum bleeding, and motivation toward dental treatment were assessed before treatment and six weeks later. The study compared these outcomes among the three educational approaches.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Conventional Method (CM) | Active comparator | Behavioral: Conventional Oral Hygiene EducationParticipants received nonsurgical periodontal treatment and conventional face-to-face oral hygiene education supported by practical demonstrations using a dental model and a written information leaflet. Education covered periodontal disease, dental plaque, and daily oral hygiene practices, including the modified Bass toothbrushing technique and appropriate interdental cleaning. |
| Three-Dimensional Animation (3DA) | Active comparator | Behavioral: Three-Dimensional Animation-Based Oral Hygiene EducationParticipants received nonsurgical periodontal treatment and clinician-guided oral hygiene education using DentalMaster three-dimensional educational software. The educational content covered the causes and clinical signs of periodontal diseases, periodontal treatment, and daily oral care. General three-dimensional animations illustrated potential gingival recession, periodontal tissue loss, and tooth loss associated with inadequate plaque control. Participants were instructed in the modified Bass toothbrushing technique and appropriate interdental cleaning. |
| Periodontal Disease Prediction (PDP) | Active comparator | Behavioral: Personalized Three-Dimensional Visualization With Motivational DiscussionParticipants received nonsurgical periodontal treatment and clinician-guided education on periodontal disease and daily oral care. Personalized three-dimensional dentogingival models generated from their intraoral scans using the Periodontal Disease Prediction (PDP) system illustrated potential gingival recession and visible tissue changes if periodontal care and plaque control were neglected. Images were presented as conditional educational scenarios, not individualized prognostic predictions. Visualization was accompanied by a motivational discussion addressing personal goals and barriers to oral hygiene. Participants were instructed in the modified Bass toothbrushing technique and appropriate interdental cleaning. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 60 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Adults aged 18-60 years. Systemically healthy. Diagnosis of gingivitis according to the 2017 World Workshop classification. At least 20 natural teeth, excluding third molars. At least 12 years of formal education. Turkish as the native language. Probing depths ≤3 mm. Bleeding on probing at more than 10% of sites. Visible plaque at more than 50% of sites. Provision of written informed consent.
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Dentists or dental students. Previous periodontal treatment or structured oral hygiene education. Use of antibiotics or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs within the preceding 3 months.
- Generalized gingival recession or dentin hypersensitivity. Full-arch fixed or removable prostheses. Acute odontogenic infections. Overhanging or defective restorations, or root caries that could affect oral hygiene practices.
- Active orthodontic treatment. Communicable diseases such as hepatitis or HIV infection. Cognitive, systemic, or physical conditions that could interfere with understanding the educational content or performing oral hygiene practices.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Conventional Oral Hygiene EducationFace-to-face education delivered by a clinician using a dental model and a written information leaflet. The content covered the causes of periodontal diseases, the role of dental plaque, and daily oral hygiene practices. Participants received instruction in the modified Bass toothbrushing technique and appropriate interdental cleaning. | Behavioural | Conventional Method (CM) |
| Three-Dimensional Animation-Based Oral Hygiene EducationClinician-guided oral hygiene education using DentalMaster three-dimensional educational software. The content covered the causes and clinical signs of periodontal diseases, periodontal treatment, and daily oral care. General three-dimensional animations illustrated potential gingival recession, periodontal tissue loss, and tooth loss associated with inadequate plaque control. Participants received instruction in the modified Bass toothbrushing technique and appropriate interdental cleaning. | Behavioural | Three-Dimensional Animation (3DA) |
| Personalized Three-Dimensional Visualization With Motivational DiscussionParticipants viewed general educational animations about periodontal disease, treatment, and daily oral care, followed by personalized three-dimensional dentogingival models generated from their own intraoral scans using the Periodontal Disease Prediction (PDP) system. The models illustrated potential gingival recession and visible periodontal tissue changes if periodontal care and daily plaque control were neglected. These images were presented as conditional educational scenarios, not individualized prognostic predictions. A clinician-guided motivational discussion addressed personal goals and barriers to oral hygiene. Participants also received instruction in the modified Bass toothbrushing technique and appropriate interdental cleaning. | Behavioural | Periodontal Disease Prediction (PDP) |
Primary outcome
Change in Full-Mouth Rustogi Modified Navy Plaque Index From Baseline to Week 6
Time frame: Baseline and 6 weeks
Dental plaque was assessed using the Rustogi Modified Navy Plaque Index (RMNPI) after application of a plaque-disclosing agent. The facial and lingual/palatal surfaces of each eligible tooth were divided into nine areas, scored as 0 for absence of plaque or 1 for presence of plaque. The full-mouth score was calculated as the proportion of assessed areas with plaque, ranging from 0 to 1, with higher scores indicating more plaque. Third molars and teeth with crowns or cervical restorations were excluded. Change was calculated as the week 6 score minus the baseline score; negative values indicate improvement.
4 secondary outcomes
Change in Full-Mouth Gingival Index From Baseline to Week 6
Time frame: Baseline and 6 weeks
Change in Full-Mouth Papillary Bleeding Index From Baseline to Week 6
Time frame: Baseline and 6 weeks
Intrinsic Motivation Assessed by the Dental Treatment Motivation Scale
Time frame: Baseline and 6 weeks
Extrinsic Motivation Assessed by the Dental Treatment Motivation Scale
Time frame: Baseline and 6 weeks
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 17 Sep 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Conventional Oral Hygiene Education, Three-Dimensional Animation-Based Oral Hygiene Education and Personalized Three-Dimensional Visualization With Motivational Discussion in people with Gingivitis, run by Abant Izzet Baysal University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 17 Sep 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in Full-Mouth Rustogi Modified Navy Plaque Index From Baseline to Week 6 (time frame: Baseline and 6 weeks). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 17 Sep 2026.