Glucose ControlNCT07829042
The Effect of High-Intensity Short-Duration Exercise Versus Moderate-Intensity High-Volume Exercise on Glucose Control
A study testing High Intensity Interval Training and Moderate Intensity aerobic training in people with Glucose Control, run by University of California, San Francisco at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
This study will be conducted as a prospective, randomized crossover trial evaluating non-diabetic and pre-diabetic adults ($n=12$) continuously monitored with Dexcom G7 continuous glucose monitors over an 11-day period. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Glucose Control
- What is being tested?
- High Intensity Interval Training and Moderate Intensity aerobic training
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 12 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 15 Sep 2026to 20 Oct 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Age 18 years or older Non-diabetic or pre-diabetic status (defined by medical history or standard screening criteria, e.g., HbA1c < 6.5%) Capable and willing to participate in both Zone 2 aerobic exercise and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols Willing to wear a continuous glucose monitor (Dexcom G7) continuously for the 11-day study duration Able to provide written informed consent
Who cannot join
- Diagnosis of Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes Use of glucose-lowering medications, insulin, or other pharmaceuticals that significantly alter glucose metabolism Current skin conditions, allergies, or sensitivities to medical-grade adhesives that prevent continuous glucose monitor placement Musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, or neurological conditions that contraindicate vigorous exercise or high-intensity interval training Pregnant or planning to become pregnant during the study period Concurrent participation in another clinical trial or interventional exercise study
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
United States1 site
University of California, San Francisco
San Francisco, California, 94143
About this study
Official title: The Effect of High-Intensity Short-Duration Exercise Versus Moderate-Intensity High-Volume Exercise on Glucose Control as Measured by Continuous Glucose Monitoring
This study will be conducted as a prospective, randomized crossover trial evaluating non-diabetic and pre-diabetic adults ($n=12$) continuously monitored with Dexcom G7 continuous glucose monitors over an 11-day period. Participants will complete two distinct exercise protocols in a randomized sequence: five consecutive days of Zone 2 aerobic exercise and a single session of high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Primary outcome metrics will focus on mean glucose levels and time in range (TIR, defined as $\le 120\text{ mg/dL}$) recorded throughout each active exercise block and its associated recovery window. To evaluate the comparative efficacy of the two modalities, paired within-subject differences will be statistically analyzed against pre-specified non-inferiority margins set at $3\text{ mg/dL}$ for mean glucose, as well as a primary $3$-point and secondary $5$-point margin for time in range.
- Conditions
- Glucose Control
- Being tested
- High Intensity Interval Training, Moderate Intensity aerobic training
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
High Intensity Interval TrainingOther
The Norwegian 4x4: The workout begins with a 5-to-10-minute warm-up, followed by four separate 4-minute high-intensity intervals where you push your body to 85%-95% of your maximum heart rate (roughly an 8 or 9 out of 10 effort level, where you are breathing too heavily to speak full sentences). Each intense "push" is interspersed with a 3-minute active recovery period of low-intensity movement-such as walking or light cycling-to let your heart rate drop back down to roughly 60%-70% of its maximum before starting the next round.
Moderate Intensity aerobic trainingOther
45 minutes of zone 2 training for five consecutive days
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Moderate Intensity Exercise | Experimental | Five consecutive days of moderate intensity aerobic exercise Receives: Other: Moderate Intensity aerobic training |
| High Intensity Exercise | Active comparator | One session High-Intensity Interval training Receives: Other: High Intensity Interval Training |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Mean Glucose Concentration
Average glucose level recorded by continuous glucose monitor (CGM) across the exercise intervention block and its subsequent recovery window.
Measured: Measured continuously over each 5-day exercise/recovery block within the 11-day monitoring period.
Time in Range (TIR)
Percentage of time spent with sensor glucose values under 120mg/dL during the active exercise block and its recovery window.
Measured: Measured continuously over each 5-day exercise/recovery block within the 11-day monitoring period.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted18 Sep 2026
- Study start15 Sep 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion15 Oct 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion20 Oct 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (5)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Glucose ControlStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of California, San FranciscoThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 12 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of California, San Francisco
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Jeanne Noble, MD, Principal investigator, University of California, San Francisco
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07829042
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- STUDY00000257
- Status last verified
- Sep 2026
- First submitted
- 2 Sep 2026
- Last updated
- 22 Sep 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Dent JR, Stocks B, Campelj DG, Philp A. Transient changes to metabolic homeostasis initiate mitochondrial adaptation to endurance exercise. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2023 Jul 15;143:3-16. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.03.022. Epub 2022 Mar 26.
PubMed 35351374Cartee GD. Mechanisms for greater insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in normal and insulin-resistant skeletal muscle after acute exercise. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Dec 15;309(12):E949-59. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00416.2015. Epub 2015 Oct 20.
PubMed 26487009Colberg SR, Sigal RJ, Yardley JE, Riddell MC, Dunstan DW, Dempsey PC, Horton ES, Castorino K, Tate DF. Physical Activity/Exercise and Diabetes: A Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2016 Nov;39(11):2065-2079. doi: 10.2337/dc16-1728. No abstract available.
PubMed 27926890Tucker WJ, Fegers-Wustrow I, Halle M, Haykowsky MJ, Chung EH, Kovacic JC. Exercise for Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: JACC Focus Seminar 1/4. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022 Sep 13;80(11):1091-1106. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.07.004.
PubMed 36075680Wei J, Shen M, Li S, Xiao Y, Luo D, Ferrari G, Lee DH, Rezende LFM, Gill JMR, Ahmadi MN, Stamatakis E, Chen X. Volume vs intensity of physical activity and risk of cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular chronic diseases. Eur Heart J. 2026 Mar 29:ehag168. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehag168. Online ahead of print.
PubMed 41905344
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 22 Sep 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of High-Intensity Short-Duration Exercise Versus Moderate-Intensity High-Volume Exercise on Glucose Control as Measured by Continuous Glucose Monitoring
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07829042
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- STUDY00000257
- Conditions
- Glucose Control
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Not yet recruiting
- Enrolment
- 12 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- University of California, San FranciscoUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 15 Sep 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 15 Oct 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 20 Oct 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 18 Sep 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study will be conducted as a prospective, randomized crossover trial evaluating non-diabetic and pre-diabetic adults ($n=12$) continuously monitored with Dexcom G7 continuous glucose monitors over an 11-day period. Participants will complete two distinct exercise protocols in a randomized sequence: five consecutive days of Zone 2 aerobic exercise and a single session of high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Primary outcome metrics will focus on mean glucose levels and time in range (TIR, defined as $\le 120\text{ mg/dL}$) recorded throughout each active exercise block and its associated recovery window. To evaluate the comparative efficacy of the two modalities, paired within-subject differences will be statistically analyzed against pre-specified non-inferiority margins set at $3\text{ mg/dL}$ for mean glucose, as well as a primary $3$-point and secondary $5$-point margin for time in range.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Moderate Intensity Exercise | Experimental | Other: Moderate Intensity aerobic trainingFive consecutive days of moderate intensity aerobic exercise |
| High Intensity Exercise | Active comparator | Other: High Intensity Interval TrainingOne session High-Intensity Interval training |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Age 18 years or older Non-diabetic or pre-diabetic status (defined by medical history or standard screening criteria, e.g., HbA1c < 6.5%) Capable and willing to participate in both Zone 2 aerobic exercise and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols Willing to wear a continuous glucose monitor (Dexcom G7) continuously for the 11-day study duration Able to provide written informed consent
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Diagnosis of Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes Use of glucose-lowering medications, insulin, or other pharmaceuticals that significantly alter glucose metabolism Current skin conditions, allergies, or sensitivities to medical-grade adhesives that prevent continuous glucose monitor placement Musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, or neurological conditions that contraindicate vigorous exercise or high-intensity interval training Pregnant or planning to become pregnant during the study period Concurrent participation in another clinical trial or interventional exercise study
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| High Intensity Interval TrainingThe Norwegian 4x4: The workout begins with a 5-to-10-minute warm-up, followed by four separate 4-minute high-intensity intervals where you push your body to 85%-95% of your maximum heart rate (roughly an 8 or 9 out of 10 effort level, where you are breathing too heavily to speak full sentences). Each intense "push" is interspersed with a 3-minute active recovery period of low-intensity movement-such as walking or light cycling-to let your heart rate drop back down to roughly 60%-70% of its maximum before starting the next round. | Other | High Intensity Exercise |
| Moderate Intensity aerobic training45 minutes of zone 2 training for five consecutive days | Other | Moderate Intensity Exercise |
Primary outcome
Mean Glucose Concentration
Time frame: Measured continuously over each 5-day exercise/recovery block within the 11-day monitoring period.
Average glucose level recorded by continuous glucose monitor (CGM) across the exercise intervention block and its subsequent recovery window.
Time in Range (TIR)
Time frame: Measured continuously over each 5-day exercise/recovery block within the 11-day monitoring period.
Percentage of time spent with sensor glucose values under 120mg/dL during the active exercise block and its recovery window.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 22 Sep 2026.
- Background: PubMed 35351374Dent JR, Stocks B, Campelj DG, Philp A. Transient changes to metabolic homeostasis initiate mitochondrial adaptation to endurance exercise. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2023 Jul 15;143:3-16. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.03.022. Epub 2022 Mar 26.
- Background: PubMed 26487009Cartee GD. Mechanisms for greater insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in normal and insulin-resistant skeletal muscle after acute exercise. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Dec 15;309(12):E949-59. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00416.2015. Epub 2015 Oct 20.
- Background: PubMed 27926890Colberg SR, Sigal RJ, Yardley JE, Riddell MC, Dunstan DW, Dempsey PC, Horton ES, Castorino K, Tate DF. Physical Activity/Exercise and Diabetes: A Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2016 Nov;39(11):2065-2079. doi: 10.2337/dc16-1728. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 36075680Tucker WJ, Fegers-Wustrow I, Halle M, Haykowsky MJ, Chung EH, Kovacic JC. Exercise for Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: JACC Focus Seminar 1/4. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022 Sep 13;80(11):1091-1106. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.07.004.
- Background: PubMed 41905344Wei J, Shen M, Li S, Xiao Y, Luo D, Ferrari G, Lee DH, Rezende LFM, Gill JMR, Ahmadi MN, Stamatakis E, Chen X. Volume vs intensity of physical activity and risk of cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular chronic diseases. Eur Heart J. 2026 Mar 29:ehag168. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehag168. Online ahead of print.
- Related InfoLink provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Jeanne Noble, MD principal investigator
University of California, San Francisco
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing High Intensity Interval Training and Moderate Intensity aerobic training in people with Glucose Control, run by University of California, San Francisco at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: opening soon, as of the sponsor's last update on 22 Sep 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Jeanne Noble, MD (5109676874, jeanne.noble@ucsf.edu), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Mean Glucose Concentration (time frame: Measured continuously over each 5-day exercise/recovery block within the 11-day monitoring period.). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07829042, which also lists 5 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 22 Sep 2026.