Postoperative PainNCT07830498
Surgical Nurses' Pain Management Self-Efficacy and Patients' Postoperative Pain Outcomes
An observational study of Postoperative Pain, run by Volkan Gokmen at 2 sites in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This study examines whether surgical nurses' confidence in managing patients' pain (pain management self-efficacy) is related to how well their patients' pain is managed after surgery. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Postoperative Pain
- What is being tested?
- Pain Management Self-Efficacy and Postoperative Pain Outcome Assessment
- How many people
- 340 participants
- Where
- 2 sitesTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- Oct 2026to Dec 2026
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: Surgical nurses providing postoperative care in the general surgery clinics of two training and research hospitals in Turkey, together with the adult surgical patients under their care during the first 24 postoperative hours, forming linked nurse-patient dyads.
Who may be able to join
- Surgical Nurses:
- Currently employed as a registered nurse
- Working in the general surgery clinic where the study is conducted
- Actively involved in postoperative patient care
- Employed in the relevant clinic for at least 3 months
- Voluntarily agrees to participate in the study
Show all 14Show fewer
- Surgical Patients:
- 18 years of age or older
- Has undergone a surgical procedure
- Receiving postoperative care in the general surgery clinic where the study is conducted
- Within the first 24 postoperative hours
- Able to communicate in Turkish
- Conscious and cognitively able to answer study questions
- Voluntarily agrees to participate in the study
Who cannot join
- Surgical Nurses:
- On extended leave or medical report during the data collection period, resulting in no active clinical care
- Does not complete the data collection form during the study period
- Surgical Patients:
- Followed in the intensive care unit
- Impaired consciousness that prevents assessment
Show all 9Show fewer
- Serious cognitive or communication impairment that prevents communication
- Underwent emergency surgery
- Unable to complete the study data collection forms
Trial locations and contacts
2 sites in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Turkey (Türkiye)2 sites
Agri Training and Research Hospital, General Surgery Clinic
Ağrı
Burcu Ozen Karabulut, MD, +90 472 215 6363, vgokmen@agri.edu.tr
Taksim Training and Research Hospital, General Surgery Clinic
Istanbul
Sadik Gorkem Cevik, MD, +90 212 909 5000, vgokmen@agri.edu.tr
About this study
Official title: The Relationship Between Surgical Nurses' Pain Management Self-Efficacy and Patients' Postoperative Pain Management Outcomes: A Nurse-Patient Dyad Study
This study examines whether surgical nurses' confidence in managing patients' pain (pain management self-efficacy) is related to how well their patients' pain is managed after surgery. Nurses working in general surgery clinics will complete a questionnaire about their own pain management self-efficacy, and the surgical patients under their care will complete a separate questionnaire about their postoperative pain outcomes. Each patient's responses will be linked to the nurse who cared for them, creating nurse-patient pairs, in order to explore how nurse-level factors relate to patient-level pain outcomes. This is an observational study: no treatment, medication, or intervention is provided or tested; participants only complete questionnaires.
Read the detailed description
Background: Postoperative pain continues to be inadequately managed in many surgical settings, and nurses play a central role in pain assessment and management. Nurses' pain management self-efficacy, defined as their confidence in their own ability to assess and manage patients' pain effectively, may influence the quality of pain care patients receive. Few studies have directly linked nurse-level self-efficacy to patient-level pain outcomes using a dyadic (nurse-patient paired) design.
Aim: This descriptive, analytic, cross-sectional nurse-patient dyad study aims to examine the relationship between surgical nurses' pain management self-efficacy and their postoperative patients' pain management outcomes.
Design and Methods: Nurses working in the general surgery clinics of two training and research hospitals (Agri Training and Research Hospital and Taksim Training and Research Hospital, Turkey) will be invited to participate. Each participating nurse will complete the Pain Management Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PMSEQ). Postoperative surgical patients cared for by these nurses will complete the Revised American Pain Society Patient Outcome Questionnaire (APS-POQ-R), together with a sociodemographic and clinical data form. Patient responses will be linked to their assigned nurse to form nurse-patient dyads. Because patients are clustered within nurses, multilevel (mixed-effects) statistical modeling will be used to account for the nested data structure and to examine associations between nurse-level self-efficacy and patient-level pain outcomes, while controlling for relevant patient and nurse characteristics.
This is an observational, non-interventional study; no experimental treatment, medication, device, or randomization is involved. All participants (nurses and patients) will provide informed consent, and the study will be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
- Conditions
- Postoperative Pain
- Being tested
- Pain Management Self-Efficacy and Postoperative Pain Outcome Assessment
- Keywords
- Pain Management, Surgical Nursing, Self-Efficacy, Nurse-Patient Dyad
- Medical subject headings
- Pain, Postoperative, Agnosia
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Pain Management Self-Efficacy and Postoperative Pain Outcome AssessmentOther
No therapeutic, experimental, or clinical intervention was administered; this is a purely observational, questionnaire-based study. Nurses' pain management self-efficacy was assessed once using the Pain Management Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PMSEQ, Turkish version). Patients' postoperative pain outcomes were assessed once, within the first 24 postoperative hours, using the Revised American Pain Society Patient Outcome Questionnaire, Turkish version (APS-POQ-R-TR). Usual clinical care and pain management practices were not modified in any way.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Surgical Nurses | Nurses working in and actively providing postoperative care in the participating general surgery clinics. Each nurse completed the Nurse Descriptive and Occupational Information Form and the Pain Management Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PMSEQ, Turkish version) once. No intervention was applied. Receives: Other: Pain Management Self-Efficacy and Postoperative Pain Outcome Assessment | |
| Surgical Patients | Adult surgical patients receiving postoperative care in the participating general surgery clinics, each paired with the nurse primarily responsible for their care. Each patient completed the Patient Descriptive Information Form and the Revised American Pain Society Patient Outcome Questionnaire, Turkish version (APS-POQ-R-TR), within the first 24 postoperative hours. No intervention was applied. Receives: Other: Pain Management Self-Efficacy and Postoperative Pain Outcome Assessment |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Postoperative Pain Outcomes (Patients)
Patient-reported postoperative pain outcomes measured with the Revised American Pain Society Patient Outcome Questionnaire (APS-POQ-R), including pain severity/intensity, pain interference with activity and sleep, and satisfaction with pain management. Each domain is rated on a 0-10 numeric rating scale; higher scores indicate worse outcomes for the pain severity/intensity and interference-with-activity/sleep domains, and higher scores indicate better outcomes (greater satisfaction) for the satisfaction-with-pain-management domain.
Measured: Within 24-48 hours after surgery, prior to hospital discharge
Secondary outcomes (1)
Nurses' Pain Management Self-Efficacy
Nurses' pain management self-efficacy measured with the Pain Management Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PMSEQ), reflecting nurses' confidence in their ability to assess, plan, and implement effective postoperative pain management for their patients. The PMSEQ comprises 21 items rated on a 6-point scale (0 = not confident at all to 5 = completely confident), yielding a total score range of 0-105; higher scores indicate greater pain management self-efficacy (a better outcome).
Measured: Measured once, at the time of study enrollment
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted21 Sep 2026
- Study startOct 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completionDec 2026 (estimated)
- Study completionDec 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (4)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Postoperative PainStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Enrolment
- 340 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Volkan Gokmen
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Eastern Mediterranean University, Atlas University
- Responsible party
- Sponsor-investigator, Volkan Gokmen, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University
- Investigators
- Volkan Gokmen, PhD, RN, Principal investigator, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07830498
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- AICU-PMSEQ-DYAD-2026
- Status last verified
- Sep 2026
- First submitted
- 15 Sep 2026
- Last updated
- 23 Sep 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: To protect participant confidentiality, individual-level nurse and patient data linked by coded identifiers will not be shared outside the research team.
Publications
Aydin Sayilan A, Eskin Bacaksiz F, Seyhan Ak E, Kulakac N, Macindo JRB. Adaptation of the pain management self-efficacy questionnaire into Turkish. Agri. 2022 Apr;34(2):91-99. doi: 10.14744/agri.2022.35902.
PubMed 35848809Macindo JRB, Soriano CAF, Gonzales HRM, Simbulan PJT, Torres GCS, Que JC. Development and psychometric appraisal of the Pain Management Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. J Adv Nurs. 2018 Apr 6. doi: 10.1111/jan.13582. Online ahead of print.
PubMed 29633327Erden S, Guler S, Tura I, Basibuyuk IF, Arslan UE. Evaluating patient outcomes in postoperative pain management according to the revised American Pain Society Patient Outcome Questionnaire (APS-POQ-R). Appl Nurs Res. 2023 Oct;73:151734. doi: 10.1016/j.apnr.2023.151734. Epub 2023 Aug 18.
PubMed 37722782Erden S, Karadag M, Guler Demir S, Atasayar S, Opak Yucel B, Kalkan N, Erdogan Z, Ay A. Cross-cultural adaptation, validity, and reliability of the Turkish version of revised American Pain Society patient outcome questionnaire for surgical patients. Agri. 2018 Apr;30(2):39-50. doi: 10.5505/agri.2018.21548.
PubMed 29738065
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 23 Sep 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Relationship Between Surgical Nurses' Pain Management Self-Efficacy and Patients' Postoperative Pain Management Outcomes: A Nurse-Patient Dyad Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07830498
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- AICU-PMSEQ-DYAD-2026
- Conditions
- Postoperative Pain
- Keywords
- Pain Management, Surgical Nursing, Self-Efficacy, Nurse-Patient Dyad
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Not yet recruiting
- Enrolment
- 340 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Volkan GokmenUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Eastern Mediterranean University, Atlas University
- Study start
- Oct 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- Dec 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Dec 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 21 Sep 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study examines whether surgical nurses' confidence in managing patients' pain (pain management self-efficacy) is related to how well their patients' pain is managed after surgery. Nurses working in general surgery clinics will complete a questionnaire about their own pain management self-efficacy, and the surgical patients under their care will complete a separate questionnaire about their postoperative pain outcomes. Each patient's responses will be linked to the nurse who cared for them, creating nurse-patient pairs, in order to explore how nurse-level factors relate to patient-level pain outcomes. This is an observational study: no treatment, medication, or intervention is provided or tested; participants only complete questionnaires.
Detailed description
Background: Postoperative pain continues to be inadequately managed in many surgical settings, and nurses play a central role in pain assessment and management. Nurses' pain management self-efficacy, defined as their confidence in their own ability to assess and manage patients' pain effectively, may influence the quality of pain care patients receive. Few studies have directly linked nurse-level self-efficacy to patient-level pain outcomes using a dyadic (nurse-patient paired) design.
Aim: This descriptive, analytic, cross-sectional nurse-patient dyad study aims to examine the relationship between surgical nurses' pain management self-efficacy and their postoperative patients' pain management outcomes.
Design and Methods: Nurses working in the general surgery clinics of two training and research hospitals (Agri Training and Research Hospital and Taksim Training and Research Hospital, Turkey) will be invited to participate. Each participating nurse will complete the Pain Management Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PMSEQ). Postoperative surgical patients cared for by these nurses will complete the Revised American Pain Society Patient Outcome Questionnaire (APS-POQ-R), together with a sociodemographic and clinical data form. Patient responses will be linked to their assigned nurse to form nurse-patient dyads. Because patients are clustered within nurses, multilevel (mixed-effects) statistical modeling will be used to account for the nested data structure and to examine associations between nurse-level self-efficacy and patient-level pain outcomes, while controlling for relevant patient and nurse characteristics.
This is an observational, non-interventional study; no experimental treatment, medication, device, or randomization is involved. All participants (nurses and patients) will provide informed consent, and the study will be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Surgical Nurses | – | Other: Pain Management Self-Efficacy and Postoperative Pain Outcome AssessmentNurses working in and actively providing postoperative care in the participating general surgery clinics. Each nurse completed the Nurse Descriptive and Occupational Information Form and the Pain Management Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PMSEQ, Turkish version) once. No intervention was applied. |
| Surgical Patients | – | Other: Pain Management Self-Efficacy and Postoperative Pain Outcome AssessmentAdult surgical patients receiving postoperative care in the participating general surgery clinics, each paired with the nurse primarily responsible for their care. Each patient completed the Patient Descriptive Information Form and the Revised American Pain Society Patient Outcome Questionnaire, Turkish version (APS-POQ-R-TR), within the first 24 postoperative hours. No intervention was applied. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- Surgical nurses providing postoperative care in the general surgery clinics of two training and research hospitals in Turkey, together with the adult surgical patients under their care during the first 24 postoperative hours, forming linked nurse-patient dyads.
Key inclusion criteria (14 listed)
- Currently employed as a registered nurse
- Working in the general surgery clinic where the study is conducted
- Actively involved in postoperative patient care
- Employed in the relevant clinic for at least 3 months
- Voluntarily agrees to participate in the study
Key exclusion criteria (9 listed)
- On extended leave or medical report during the data collection period, resulting in no active clinical care
- Does not complete the data collection form during the study period
- Followed in the intensive care unit
- Impaired consciousness that prevents assessment
- Serious cognitive or communication impairment that prevents communication
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Pain Management Self-Efficacy and Postoperative Pain Outcome AssessmentNo therapeutic, experimental, or clinical intervention was administered; this is a purely observational, questionnaire-based study. Nurses' pain management self-efficacy was assessed once using the Pain Management Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PMSEQ, Turkish version). Patients' postoperative pain outcomes were assessed once, within the first 24 postoperative hours, using the Revised American Pain Society Patient Outcome Questionnaire, Turkish version (APS-POQ-R-TR). Usual clinical care and pain management practices were not modified in any way. | Other | Surgical Nurses, Surgical Patients |
Primary outcome
Postoperative Pain Outcomes (Patients)
Time frame: Within 24-48 hours after surgery, prior to hospital discharge
Patient-reported postoperative pain outcomes measured with the Revised American Pain Society Patient Outcome Questionnaire (APS-POQ-R), including pain severity/intensity, pain interference with activity and sleep, and satisfaction with pain management. Each domain is rated on a 0-10 numeric rating scale; higher scores indicate worse outcomes for the pain severity/intensity and interference-with-activity/sleep domains, and higher scores indicate better outcomes (greater satisfaction) for the satisfaction-with-pain-management domain.
1 secondary outcome
Nurses' Pain Management Self-Efficacy
Time frame: Measured once, at the time of study enrollment
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 23 Sep 2026.
- Background: PubMed 35848809Aydin Sayilan A, Eskin Bacaksiz F, Seyhan Ak E, Kulakac N, Macindo JRB. Adaptation of the pain management self-efficacy questionnaire into Turkish. Agri. 2022 Apr;34(2):91-99. doi: 10.14744/agri.2022.35902.
- Background: PubMed 29633327Macindo JRB, Soriano CAF, Gonzales HRM, Simbulan PJT, Torres GCS, Que JC. Development and psychometric appraisal of the Pain Management Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. J Adv Nurs. 2018 Apr 6. doi: 10.1111/jan.13582. Online ahead of print.
- Background: PubMed 37722782Erden S, Guler S, Tura I, Basibuyuk IF, Arslan UE. Evaluating patient outcomes in postoperative pain management according to the revised American Pain Society Patient Outcome Questionnaire (APS-POQ-R). Appl Nurs Res. 2023 Oct;73:151734. doi: 10.1016/j.apnr.2023.151734. Epub 2023 Aug 18.
- Background: PubMed 29738065Erden S, Karadag M, Guler Demir S, Atasayar S, Opak Yucel B, Kalkan N, Erdogan Z, Ay A. Cross-cultural adaptation, validity, and reliability of the Turkish version of revised American Pain Society patient outcome questionnaire for surgical patients. Agri. 2018 Apr;30(2):39-50. doi: 10.5505/agri.2018.21548.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. To protect participant confidentiality, individual-level nurse and patient data linked by coded identifiers will not be shared outside the research team.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Volkan Gokmen, PhD, RN principal investigator
Agri Ibrahim Cecen University
2 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Postoperative Pain, run by Volkan Gokmen at 2 sites in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 14 inclusion and 9 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: opening soon, as of the sponsor's last update on 23 Sep 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 2 sites in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Volkan Gokmen, PhD, RN (+90 532 739 0938, vgokmen@agri.edu.tr), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Postoperative Pain Outcomes (Patients) (time frame: Within 24-48 hours after surgery, prior to hospital discharge). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07830498, which also lists 4 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 23 Sep 2026.