Forearm Muscle StrengthSRWBENCT07831031
SUPERVISED RESISTANCE AND WEIGHT-BEARING EXERCISE IN INSTITUTIONALIZED OLDER ADULTS
A study testing Forearm-Focused Resistance and Upper-Extremity Weight-Bearing Exercise in people with Forearm Muscle Strength and Radial Bone Health, run by Eskisehir Osmangazi University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This quasi-experimental controlled study evaluated the effects of a six-month supervised resistance and weight-bearing exercise program on forearm muscle strength and radial bone health in institutionalized older adults. Thirty-four participants were allocated to an exercise group (n = 17) or a control group (n = 17). Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 65 to 78 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Forearm Muscle Strength, Radial Bone Health, Institutionalized Older Adults Keywords / MeSH
- What is being tested?
- Forearm-Focused Resistance and Upper-Extremity Weight-Bearing Exercise
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 34 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Jun 2018to 1 Jun 2019
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 65 to 78 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Older adult
Who may be able to join
- age ≥65 years,
- independence in activities of daily living, and
- residence in the nursing home for at least one year
Who cannot join
- systemic corticosteroid use,
- estrogen supplementation,
- previous osteoporosis treatment,
- history of upper-extremity surgery,
- prolonged bed rest (>2 months),
- severe visual or hearing impairment, and
- previous professional participation in upper-extremity-dominant sports
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Eskisehir Osmangazi University
Eskişehir, Eskişehir, 26130
About this study
Official title: A SUPERVISED RESISTANCE AND WEIGHT-BEARING EXERCISE PROGRAM IMPROVES FOREARM FUNCTION AND RADIAL BONE HEALTH IN INSTITUTIONALIZED OLDER ADULTS: A PILOT STUDY
This quasi-experimental controlled study evaluated the effects of a six-month supervised resistance and weight-bearing exercise program on forearm muscle strength and radial bone health in institutionalized older adults. Thirty-four participants were allocated to an exercise group (n = 17) or a control group (n = 17). The exercise group participated in a 24-week exercise program performed three times per week, consisting of forearm-focused resistance and upper-extremity weight-bearing exercises. Outcomes included handgrip strength, forearm muscle strength, and radius bone mineral density at proximal, midshaft, distal, and total regions. The study examined whether the exercise program could improve upper-extremity functional strength and support the maintenance of radial bone health in institutionalized older adults.
Read the detailed description
Older adults living in institutional settings are at increased risk of declines in muscle strength, physical function, and skeletal health. Although resistance and weight-bearing exercise are widely recommended to support musculoskeletal health, evidence regarding their effects on site-specific radial bone health and forearm function in institutionalized older adults remains limited.
This study investigated whether a supervised exercise program combining forearm-focused resistance exercises with upper-extremity weight-bearing activities could improve or help maintain forearm muscle strength and radius bone mineral density in institutionalized older adults. The intervention was designed to provide progressive mechanical loading to the upper extremities while incorporating exercises intended to improve functional strength.
Participants in the exercise group completed a 24-week supervised exercise program three times per week. The program included resistance exercises targeting the forearm and upper-extremity weight-bearing exercises, with exercise intensity and loading progressively adjusted according to individual capacity. A control group continued their usual activities without participation in the supervised exercise program.
The study assessed changes in handgrip strength, forearm muscle strength, and radius bone mineral density at proximal, midshaft, distal, and total regions. The study also explored associations between changes or post-intervention measures of forearm muscle strength and region-specific radial bone parameters.
The study was conducted as a single-center, quasi-experimental controlled study in an institutionalized older-adult population. Because of institutional and logistical considerations, participants were allocated sequentially to the exercise or control group rather than by individual randomization.
- Conditions
- Forearm Muscle Strength, Radial Bone Health, Institutionalized Older Adults Keywords / MeSH
- Being tested
- Forearm-Focused Resistance and Upper-Extremity Weight-Bearing Exercise
- Keywords
- osteoporosis, forearm exercise, grip strength, radial bone health, older adults
- Medical subject headings
- Osteoporosis
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Forearm-Focused Resistance and Upper-Extremity Weight-Bearing ExerciseBehavioural
A supervised 24-week exercise program performed three times weekly, with each session lasting 45-60 minutes. Sessions included 15 minutes of warm-up, 40 minutes of postural alignment, upper-extremity weight-bearing and resistance exercises, and 5 minutes of cool-down. Resistance exercises included elbow flexion and extension and forearm supination and pronation, beginning with two sets of five repetitions and progressing according to individual tolerance and performance. Weight-bearing exercises included wall push-ups and cat-camel exercises, with progressive reduction of limb support to increase loading. Exercises were performed under physiotherapist supervision. Exercise intensity progressed from approximately 60% to 75% of maximum heart rate.Resistance was provided through paired exercises using exercise bars, with participants matched according to their initial 1RM values.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Exercise Group | Experimental | Participants received a 24-week supervised resistance and upper-extremity weight-bearing exercise program performed three times per week. The program included forearm-focused resistance exercises and upper-extremity weight-bearing activities, with exercise intensity and loading progressively adjusted according to individual capacity. Receives: Behavioral: Forearm-Focused Resistance and Upper-Extremity Weight-Bearing Exercise |
| Control Group | No intervention | Participants continued their usual activities during the study period and did not participate in the supervised exercise program. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Radial Bone Health
The primary outcome was areal bone mineral density (BMD) of the radius, assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA; Hologic Discovery Wi, Hologic Inc., Bedford, MA, USA) at a university-affiliated hospital. BMD was measured at the proximal, midshaft, distal, and total radius regions of both the dominant and non-dominant upper extremities. Areal BMD was expressed in g/cm². Baseline and follow-up measurements were performed using the same DXA device and standardized scanning procedures. All scans were acquired by the same certified technician, and the DXA reports were evaluated by the same physician to minimize measurement and inter-observer variability.
Measured: Baseline and 6 months
Secondary outcomes (1)
Handgrip and Forearm muscle strength and Body composition (% body fat, fat mass, lean body mass)
Handgrip strength was assessed using a Jamar Hand Dynamometer (90-kg capacity). Participants were seated with the shoulder adducted, the elbow flexed at 90°, and the forearm in a neutral position. Three trials were performed with one-minute rest intervals between measurements, and the highest value was recorded as the participant's handgrip strength. Forearm muscle strength was assessed for flexion, extension, pronation, and supination using a one-repetition maximum (1RM) test with an adjustable dumbbell system. Resistance was progressively increased until the maximum load that could be lifted once through the full range of motion with proper technique was identified. The maximum successfully completed load was recorded as the 1RM value for each movement.Body composition was assessed by skinfold thickness measurements, and body fat percentage, fat mass, and lean body mass were calculated.
Measured: Baseline and 6 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted21 Sep 2026
- Study start1 Jun 2018
- Primary completion1 Feb 2019
- Study completion1 Jun 2019
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Forearm Muscle StrengthStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Participants were assigned to either an exercise group or a control group and followed in parallel throughout the study. The exercise group participated in a 24-week supervised resistance and upper-extremity weight-bearing exercise program, while the control group continued their usual activities without participating in the supervised exercise program. Outcomes were assessed before and after the intervention and compared between the two groups.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 34 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Yasemin Kavlak, Eskisehir Osmangazi University
- Investigators
- Yasemin Kavlak, PhD, Principal investigator, Eskişehir Osmangazi University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07831031
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2018/51
- Acronym
- SRWBE
- Status last verified
- Sep 2026
- First submitted
- 15 Sep 2026
- Last updated
- 21 Sep 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Individual participant data will not be shared with other researchers because of institutional policies and privacy requirements applicable to residents of the participating nursing home. The data are subject to restrictions intended to protect participant confidentiality and privacy.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 21 Sep 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A SUPERVISED RESISTANCE AND WEIGHT-BEARING EXERCISE PROGRAM IMPROVES FOREARM FUNCTION AND RADIAL BONE HEALTH IN INSTITUTIONALIZED OLDER ADULTS: A PILOT STUDY
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07831031
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- SRWBE / 2018/51
- Conditions
- Forearm Muscle Strength, Radial Bone Health, Institutionalized Older Adults Keywords / MeSH
- Keywords
- osteoporosis, forearm exercise, grip strength, radial bone health, older adults
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 34 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Eskisehir Osmangazi UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Jun 2018 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Feb 2019 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 Jun 2019 (actual)
- First posted
- 21 Sep 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This quasi-experimental controlled study evaluated the effects of a six-month supervised resistance and weight-bearing exercise program on forearm muscle strength and radial bone health in institutionalized older adults. Thirty-four participants were allocated to an exercise group (n = 17) or a control group (n = 17). The exercise group participated in a 24-week exercise program performed three times per week, consisting of forearm-focused resistance and upper-extremity weight-bearing exercises. Outcomes included handgrip strength, forearm muscle strength, and radius bone mineral density at proximal, midshaft, distal, and total regions. The study examined whether the exercise program could improve upper-extremity functional strength and support the maintenance of radial bone health in institutionalized older adults.
Detailed description
Older adults living in institutional settings are at increased risk of declines in muscle strength, physical function, and skeletal health. Although resistance and weight-bearing exercise are widely recommended to support musculoskeletal health, evidence regarding their effects on site-specific radial bone health and forearm function in institutionalized older adults remains limited.
This study investigated whether a supervised exercise program combining forearm-focused resistance exercises with upper-extremity weight-bearing activities could improve or help maintain forearm muscle strength and radius bone mineral density in institutionalized older adults. The intervention was designed to provide progressive mechanical loading to the upper extremities while incorporating exercises intended to improve functional strength.
Participants in the exercise group completed a 24-week supervised exercise program three times per week. The program included resistance exercises targeting the forearm and upper-extremity weight-bearing exercises, with exercise intensity and loading progressively adjusted according to individual capacity. A control group continued their usual activities without participation in the supervised exercise program.
The study assessed changes in handgrip strength, forearm muscle strength, and radius bone mineral density at proximal, midshaft, distal, and total regions. The study also explored associations between changes or post-intervention measures of forearm muscle strength and region-specific radial bone parameters.
The study was conducted as a single-center, quasi-experimental controlled study in an institutionalized older-adult population. Because of institutional and logistical considerations, participants were allocated sequentially to the exercise or control group rather than by individual randomization.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Participants were assigned to either an exercise group or a control group and followed in parallel throughout the study. The exercise group participated in a 24-week supervised resistance and upper-extremity weight-bearing exercise program, while the control group continued their usual activities without participating in the supervised exercise program. Outcomes were assessed before and after the intervention and compared between the two groups.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Exercise Group | Experimental | Behavioral: Forearm-Focused Resistance and Upper-Extremity Weight-Bearing ExerciseParticipants received a 24-week supervised resistance and upper-extremity weight-bearing exercise program performed three times per week. The program included forearm-focused resistance exercises and upper-extremity weight-bearing activities, with exercise intensity and loading progressively adjusted according to individual capacity. |
| Control Group | No intervention | –Participants continued their usual activities during the study period and did not participate in the supervised exercise program. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 65 to 78 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- age ≥65 years,
- independence in activities of daily living, and
- residence in the nursing home for at least one year
Key exclusion criteria (7 listed)
- systemic corticosteroid use,
- estrogen supplementation,
- previous osteoporosis treatment,
- history of upper-extremity surgery,
- prolonged bed rest (>2 months),
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Forearm-Focused Resistance and Upper-Extremity Weight-Bearing ExerciseA supervised 24-week exercise program performed three times weekly, with each session lasting 45-60 minutes. Sessions included 15 minutes of warm-up, 40 minutes of postural alignment, upper-extremity weight-bearing and resistance exercises, and 5 minutes of cool-down. Resistance exercises included elbow flexion and extension and forearm supination and pronation, beginning with two sets of five repetitions and progressing according to individual tolerance and performance. Weight-bearing exercises included wall push-ups and cat-camel exercises, with progressive reduction of limb support to increase loading. Exercises were performed under physiotherapist supervision. Exercise intensity progressed from approximately 60% to 75% of maximum heart rate.Resistance was provided through paired exercises using exercise bars, with participants matched according to their initial 1RM values. | Behavioural | Exercise Group |
Primary outcome
Radial Bone Health
Time frame: Baseline and 6 months
The primary outcome was areal bone mineral density (BMD) of the radius, assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA; Hologic Discovery Wi, Hologic Inc., Bedford, MA, USA) at a university-affiliated hospital. BMD was measured at the proximal, midshaft, distal, and total radius regions of both the dominant and non-dominant upper extremities. Areal BMD was expressed in g/cm². Baseline and follow-up measurements were performed using the same DXA device and standardized scanning procedures. All scans were acquired by the same certified technician, and the DXA reports were evaluated by the same physician to minimize measurement and inter-observer variability.
1 secondary outcome
Handgrip and Forearm muscle strength and Body composition (% body fat, fat mass, lean body mass)
Time frame: Baseline and 6 months
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 21 Sep 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Individual participant data will not be shared with other researchers because of institutional policies and privacy requirements applicable to residents of the participating nursing home. The data are subject to restrictions intended to protect participant confidentiality and privacy.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Yasemin Kavlak, PhD principal investigator
Eskişehir Osmangazi University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Forearm-Focused Resistance and Upper-Extremity Weight-Bearing Exercise in people with Forearm Muscle Strength and Radial Bone Health, run by Eskisehir Osmangazi University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 21 Sep 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Radial Bone Health (time frame: Baseline and 6 months). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 21 Sep 2026.