Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/Prevention & ControlNCT07837856
Therapeutic Adherence in Type 2 Diabetes
A study testing Group I (WhatsApp) motivational and educational messages delivered periodically and Group II: To implement the SMART method in people with Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/Prevention & Control and Diabete Type 2, run by Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social at 1 site in Mexico.
Trial summary
A quasi-experimental, non-randomized, prospective, longitudinal study comparing the use of WhatsApp messaging versus the SMART technique in patients with type 2 diabetes to improve treatment adherence Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/Prevention & Control, Diabete Type 2, Treatment Adherence
- What is being tested?
- Group I (WhatsApp) motivational and educational messages delivered periodically and Group II: To implement the SMART method
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 250 participants
- Where
- 1 siteMexico
- Study dates
- 30 Nov 2024to 30 Dec 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- • Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
- Patients enrolled in UMF 84.
- Men and women between the ages of 35 and 70.
- Patients who agree to participate, understand the informed consent form, and sign it.
- Patients who have a cell phone and the WhatsApp app.
Who cannot join
- • Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
- Patients with dementia, schizophrenia, alcoholism, drug addiction, cancer, Parkinson's disease, hearing and vision impairments, and comprehension and language disorders.
- Pregnant patients.
- Patients who cannot read or write.
- Patients who withdraw their consent.
- Patients who fail to attend laboratory tests, questionnaire administration, or regular medical appointments.
Show all 9Show fewer
- Patient death.
- Changes in health insurance enrollment.
- Loss of health insurance coverage.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: WhatsApp Messaging Versus SMART Goal-setting to Improve Therapeutic Adherence in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in Primary Care: a Quasi-experimental Study
A quasi-experimental, non-randomized, prospective, longitudinal study comparing the use of WhatsApp messaging versus the SMART technique in patients with type 2 diabetes to improve treatment adherence
Read the detailed description
The study included patients with type 2 diabetes who received training on diabetes, lifestyle, and self-management prior to the implementation of reinforcement messages or the use of the SMART technique at a primary care facility in Mexico.
- Being tested
- Group I (WhatsApp) motivational and educational messages delivered periodically, Group II: To implement the SMART method
- Keywords
- treatment adherence, polypharmacy, SMART goals, glycemic control., Treatment adherence, polypharmacy, glucose
- Medical subject headings
- Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Treatment Adherence and Compliance
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Group I (WhatsApp) motivational and educational messages delivered periodicallyOther
Positive reinforcement messages were sent once every two days for two weeks, then once a week for three weeks
Group II: To implement the SMART methodOther
Group II: To implement the SMART method, the patient was first given an explanation of the concept of a goal or objective, as well as what each of the concepts of the SMART method entails. The participant was then asked to identify a goal that meets the SMART criteria and, above all, is measurable.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Group I received WhatsApp messages | Experimental | Group I: Participants received behavioral training and education on T2D, treatment adherence, and polypharmacy, along with the messages shown below via WhatsApp. Positive reinforcement messages were sent once every two days for two weeks, followed by one per week for three weeks. Receives: Other: Group I (WhatsApp) motivational and educational messages delivered periodically |
| Group II underwent the SMART S(Specific), M(Measurable, A(Achievable), R(Relevant), T(Timetechnique | Active comparator | Group II: To implement the SMART method, the patient was first given an explanation of the concept of a goal or objective, as well as what each of the concepts of the SMART method entails. The participant was then asked to identify a goal that meets the SMART criteria and, above all, is measurable. Receives: Other: Group II: To implement the SMART method |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Therapeutic adherence
According to the Morisky-Green questionnaire: Good >8 points, Fair 6-7 points, Poor <6 points
Measured: Assessments were conducted at the start of the study "Baseline" (November to December 2024) and "6 months" after the intervention (May to June 2025)
Secondary outcomes (2)
multipharmacy
Patients will be divided into two groups based on the START/STOP criteria:
Positive > 6 medications Negative < 5 medications A list of the medications taken by the patients will be compiled.
Measured: Evaluations were conducted at the start of the study "Baseline" (November to December 2024).
Glucose
Glucose: This information will be obtained from laboratory results in the medical record.
According to the ADA:
80-130 mg/dl: controlled >130 mg/dl: uncontrolled
Measured: Assessments were conducted at the start of the study "Baseline" (November to December 2024) and "6 months" after the intervention (May to June 2025).
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted24 Sep 2026
- Study start30 Nov 2024
- Primary completion30 Dec 2025
- Study completion30 Dec 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (15)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/Prevention & ControlStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- A prospective, longitudinal, a quasi-experimental study, included patients aged 35 to 70 years, with a diagnosis of T2D, were included. Exclusion criteria were oncological disease, psychiatric disorders, and communication limitations. Two groups, each with 52 patients, were included; all patients received training on general concepts related to type 2 diabetes, medical treatment, and healthy lifestyles. They were then divided into two groups: Group I received WhatsApp messages, and Group II underwent the SMART technique to improve treatment adherence.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 250 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social
- Sponsor type
- Other government
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, María Magdalena Valencia Gutiérrez, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social
- Investigators
- María del Pilar P Rodriguez-Correa, Master Degree, Study director, Mexican Social Security Institute
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07837856
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- R-2024-1602-063
- Status last verified
- Sep 2026
- First submitted
- 10 Sep 2026
- Last updated
- 24 Sep 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: The data was collected by Dr. Raúl Jaimes Salgado, who assigned a code to each patient. The data will be recorded on a data collection form and entered into an Excel spreadsheet with the assistance of Drs. María Magdalena Valencia Gutiérrez and María del Pilar Rodríguez. María Magdalena Valencia will then analyze the data.
Publications
Buntyn RW, Burtson KM, Grey K, Cox R, Nehzati A, Silverman ML, Mrozek RA, Wilson KR. Diabetes Self-Management Goals in an Internal Medicine Clinic: A Quality Improvement Initiative. Mil Med. 2026 May 1;191(5-6):e1327-e1332. doi: 10.1093/milmed/usaf407.
PubMed 40829048de Hoogh IM, Winters BL, Nieman KM, Bijlsma S, Krone T, van den Broek TJ, Anderson BD, Caspers MPM, Anthony JC, Wopereis S. A Novel Personalized Systems Nutrition Program Improves Dietary Patterns, Lifestyle Behaviors and Health-Related Outcomes: Results from the Habit Study. Nutrients. 2021 May 22;13(6):1763. doi: 10.3390/nu13061763.
PubMed 34067248Saluja M, Pillai D. Exercise Prescription in Diabetes- S.M.A.R.T.: A Prospective Study. J Assoc Physicians India. 2021 Feb;69(2):22-24.
PubMed 33527806Cook HE, Garris LA, Gulum AH, Steber CJ. Impact of SMART Goals on Diabetes Management in a Pharmacist-Led Telehealth Clinic. J Pharm Pract. 2024 Feb;37(1):54-59. doi: 10.1177/08971900221125021. Epub 2022 Sep 2.
PubMed 36052449Kalyani RR, Neumiller JJ, Maruthur NM, Wexler DJ. Diagnosis and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes in Adults: A Review. JAMA. 2025 Sep 16;334(11):984-1002. doi: 10.1001/jama.2025.5956.
PubMed 40549398Alshalani A, AlAhmari N, Amin HA, Aljedai A, AlSudais H. Biochemical Profile Variations Among Type 2 Diabetic Patients Stratified by Hemoglobin A1c Levels in a Saudi Cohort: A Retrospective Study. J Clin Med. 2025 Jul 28;14(15):5324. doi: 10.3390/jcm14155324.
PubMed 40806947Bi Y, Li M, Liu Y, Li T, Lu J, Duan P, Xu F, Dong Q, Wang A, Wang T, Zheng R, Chen Y, Xu M, Wang X, Zhang X, Niu Y, Kang Z, Lu C, Wang J, Qiu X, Wang A, Wu S, Niu J, Wang J, Zhao Z, Pan H, Yang X, Niu X, Pang S, Zhang X, Dai Y, Wan Q, Chen S, Zheng Q, Dai S, Deng J, Liu L, Wang G, Zhu H, Tang W, Liu H, Guo Z, Ning G, He J, Xu Y, Wang W; BPROAD Research Group. Intensive Blood-Pressure Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2025 Mar 27;392(12):1155-1167. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2412006. Epub 2024 Nov 16.
PubMed 39555827Na-Ek N, Srithong J, Aonkhum A, Boonsom S, Charoen P, Demakakos P. Educational level as a cause of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Caution from triangulation of observational and genetic evidence. Acta Diabetol. 2022 Jan;59(1):127-135. doi: 10.1007/s00592-021-01795-7. Epub 2021 Sep 12.
PubMed 34514530Rognstad S, Brekke M, Fetveit A, Spigset O, Wyller TB, Straand J. The Norwegian General Practice (NORGEP) criteria for assessing potentially inappropriate prescriptions to elderly patients. A modified Delphi study. Scand J Prim Health Care. 2009;27(3):153-9. doi: 10.1080/02813430902992215.
PubMed 19462339Remelli F, Ceresini MG, Trevisan C, Noale M, Volpato S. Prevalence and impact of polypharmacy in older patients with type 2 diabetes. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2022 Sep;34(9):1969-1983. doi: 10.1007/s40520-022-02165-1. Epub 2022 Jun 20.
PubMed 35723858Lorig KR, Holman H. Self-management education: history, definition, outcomes, and mechanisms. Ann Behav Med. 2003 Aug;26(1):1-7. doi: 10.1207/S15324796ABM2601_01.
PubMed 12867348Hayakawa M, Uchimura Y, Omae K, Waki K, Fujita H, Ohe K. A smartphone-based medication self-management system with realtime medication monitoring. Appl Clin Inform. 2013 Jan 30;4(1):37-52. doi: 10.4338/ACI-2012-10-RA-0045. Print 2013.
PubMed 23650486Vermeire E, Hearnshaw H, Van Royen P, Denekens J. Patient adherence to treatment: three decades of research. A comprehensive review. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2001 Oct;26(5):331-42. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2710.2001.00363.x.
PubMed 11679023Burnier M, Egan BM. Adherence in Hypertension. Circ Res. 2019 Mar 29;124(7):1124-1140. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.313220.
PubMed 30920917Sun H, Saeedi P, Karuranga S, Pinkepank M, Ogurtsova K, Duncan BB, Stein C, Basit A, Chan JCN, Mbanya JC, Pavkov ME, Ramachandaran A, Wild SH, James S, Herman WH, Zhang P, Bommer C, Kuo S, Boyko EJ, Magliano DJ. IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2022 Jan;183:109119. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109119. Epub 2021 Dec 6.
PubMed 34879977
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 24 Sep 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- WhatsApp Messaging Versus SMART Goal-setting to Improve Therapeutic Adherence in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in Primary Care: a Quasi-experimental Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07837856
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- R-2024-1602-063
- Keywords
- treatment adherence, polypharmacy, SMART goals, glycemic control., Treatment adherence, polypharmacy, glucose
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 250 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialOther government
- Study start
- 30 Nov 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Dec 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Dec 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 24 Sep 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
A quasi-experimental, non-randomized, prospective, longitudinal study comparing the use of WhatsApp messaging versus the SMART technique in patients with type 2 diabetes to improve treatment adherence
Detailed description
The study included patients with type 2 diabetes who received training on diabetes, lifestyle, and self-management prior to the implementation of reinforcement messages or the use of the SMART technique at a primary care facility in Mexico.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- A prospective, longitudinal, a quasi-experimental study, included patients aged 35 to 70 years, with a diagnosis of T2D, were included. Exclusion criteria were oncological disease, psychiatric disorders, and communication limitations. Two groups, each with 52 patients, were included; all patients received training on general concepts related to type 2 diabetes, medical treatment, and healthy lifestyles. They were then divided into two groups: Group I received WhatsApp messages, and Group II underwent the SMART technique to improve treatment adherence.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Group I received WhatsApp messages | Experimental | Other: Group I (WhatsApp) motivational and educational messages delivered periodicallyGroup I: Participants received behavioral training and education on T2D, treatment adherence, and polypharmacy, along with the messages shown below via WhatsApp. Positive reinforcement messages were sent once every two days for two weeks, followed by one per week for three weeks. |
| Group II underwent the SMART S(Specific), M(Measurable, A(Achievable), R(Relevant), T(Timetechnique | Active comparator | Other: Group II: To implement the SMART methodGroup II: To implement the SMART method, the patient was first given an explanation of the concept of a goal or objective, as well as what each of the concepts of the SMART method entails. The participant was then asked to identify a goal that meets the SMART criteria and, above all, is measurable. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 65 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- • Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Key exclusion criteria (9 listed)
- • Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
- Patients who withdraw their consent.
- Patients who fail to attend laboratory tests, questionnaire administration, or regular medical appointments.
- Patient death.
- Changes in health insurance enrollment.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Group I (WhatsApp) motivational and educational messages delivered periodicallyPositive reinforcement messages were sent once every two days for two weeks, then once a week for three weeks | Other | Group I received WhatsApp messages |
| Group II: To implement the SMART methodGroup II: To implement the SMART method, the patient was first given an explanation of the concept of a goal or objective, as well as what each of the concepts of the SMART method entails. The participant was then asked to identify a goal that meets the SMART criteria and, above all, is measurable. | Other | Group II underwent the SMART S(Specific), M(Measurable, A(Achievable), R(Relevant), T(Timetechnique |
Primary outcome
Therapeutic adherence
Time frame: Assessments were conducted at the start of the study "Baseline" (November to December 2024) and "6 months" after the intervention (May to June 2025)
According to the Morisky-Green questionnaire: Good >8 points, Fair 6-7 points, Poor <6 points
2 secondary outcomes
multipharmacy
Time frame: Evaluations were conducted at the start of the study "Baseline" (November to December 2024).
Glucose
Time frame: Assessments were conducted at the start of the study "Baseline" (November to December 2024) and "6 months" after the intervention (May to June 2025).
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 24 Sep 2026.
- Background: PubMed 40829048Buntyn RW, Burtson KM, Grey K, Cox R, Nehzati A, Silverman ML, Mrozek RA, Wilson KR. Diabetes Self-Management Goals in an Internal Medicine Clinic: A Quality Improvement Initiative. Mil Med. 2026 May 1;191(5-6):e1327-e1332. doi: 10.1093/milmed/usaf407.
- Background: PubMed 34067248de Hoogh IM, Winters BL, Nieman KM, Bijlsma S, Krone T, van den Broek TJ, Anderson BD, Caspers MPM, Anthony JC, Wopereis S. A Novel Personalized Systems Nutrition Program Improves Dietary Patterns, Lifestyle Behaviors and Health-Related Outcomes: Results from the Habit Study. Nutrients. 2021 May 22;13(6):1763. doi: 10.3390/nu13061763.
- Background: PubMed 33527806Saluja M, Pillai D. Exercise Prescription in Diabetes- S.M.A.R.T.: A Prospective Study. J Assoc Physicians India. 2021 Feb;69(2):22-24.
- Background: PubMed 36052449Cook HE, Garris LA, Gulum AH, Steber CJ. Impact of SMART Goals on Diabetes Management in a Pharmacist-Led Telehealth Clinic. J Pharm Pract. 2024 Feb;37(1):54-59. doi: 10.1177/08971900221125021. Epub 2022 Sep 2.
- Background: PubMed 40549398Kalyani RR, Neumiller JJ, Maruthur NM, Wexler DJ. Diagnosis and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes in Adults: A Review. JAMA. 2025 Sep 16;334(11):984-1002. doi: 10.1001/jama.2025.5956.
- Background: PubMed 40806947Alshalani A, AlAhmari N, Amin HA, Aljedai A, AlSudais H. Biochemical Profile Variations Among Type 2 Diabetic Patients Stratified by Hemoglobin A1c Levels in a Saudi Cohort: A Retrospective Study. J Clin Med. 2025 Jul 28;14(15):5324. doi: 10.3390/jcm14155324.
- Background: PubMed 39555827Bi Y, Li M, Liu Y, Li T, Lu J, Duan P, Xu F, Dong Q, Wang A, Wang T, Zheng R, Chen Y, Xu M, Wang X, Zhang X, Niu Y, Kang Z, Lu C, Wang J, Qiu X, Wang A, Wu S, Niu J, Wang J, Zhao Z, Pan H, Yang X, Niu X, Pang S, Zhang X, Dai Y, Wan Q, Chen S, Zheng Q, Dai S, Deng J, Liu L, Wang G, Zhu H, Tang W, Liu H, Guo Z, Ning G, He J, Xu Y, Wang W; BPROAD Research Group. Intensive Blood-Pressure Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2025 Mar 27;392(12):1155-1167. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2412006. Epub 2024 Nov 16.
- Background: PubMed 34514530Na-Ek N, Srithong J, Aonkhum A, Boonsom S, Charoen P, Demakakos P. Educational level as a cause of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Caution from triangulation of observational and genetic evidence. Acta Diabetol. 2022 Jan;59(1):127-135. doi: 10.1007/s00592-021-01795-7. Epub 2021 Sep 12.
- Background: PubMed 19462339Rognstad S, Brekke M, Fetveit A, Spigset O, Wyller TB, Straand J. The Norwegian General Practice (NORGEP) criteria for assessing potentially inappropriate prescriptions to elderly patients. A modified Delphi study. Scand J Prim Health Care. 2009;27(3):153-9. doi: 10.1080/02813430902992215.
- Background: PubMed 35723858Remelli F, Ceresini MG, Trevisan C, Noale M, Volpato S. Prevalence and impact of polypharmacy in older patients with type 2 diabetes. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2022 Sep;34(9):1969-1983. doi: 10.1007/s40520-022-02165-1. Epub 2022 Jun 20.
- Background: PubMed 12867348Lorig KR, Holman H. Self-management education: history, definition, outcomes, and mechanisms. Ann Behav Med. 2003 Aug;26(1):1-7. doi: 10.1207/S15324796ABM2601_01.
- Background: PubMed 23650486Hayakawa M, Uchimura Y, Omae K, Waki K, Fujita H, Ohe K. A smartphone-based medication self-management system with realtime medication monitoring. Appl Clin Inform. 2013 Jan 30;4(1):37-52. doi: 10.4338/ACI-2012-10-RA-0045. Print 2013.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. The data was collected by Dr. Raúl Jaimes Salgado, who assigned a code to each patient. The data will be recorded on a data collection form and entered into an Excel spreadsheet with the assistance of Drs. María Magdalena Valencia Gutiérrez and María del Pilar Rodríguez. María Magdalena Valencia will then analyze the data.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
María del Pilar P Rodriguez-Correa, Master Degree study director
Mexican Social Security Institute
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Group I (WhatsApp) motivational and educational messages delivered periodically and Group II: To implement the SMART method in people with Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/Prevention & Control and Diabete Type 2, run by Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social at 1 site in Mexico.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 9 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 24 Sep 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Mexico. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Therapeutic adherence (time frame: Assessments were conducted at the start of the study "Baseline" (November to December 2024) and "6 months" after the intervention (May to June 2025)). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07837856, which also lists 15 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 24 Sep 2026.