MobilizationNCT07846150
Mulligan Techniques for Gait and Pelvic Motion in Short Hamstrings
A study testing Mulligan Bent Leg Raise (BLR) Technique and Mulligan Traction Straight Leg Raise (TSLR) Technique in people with Mobilization and Hamstring Muscle Tightness, run by Gazi University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Various stretching methods have been developed to reduce hamstring tightness and improve flexibility. Static stretching is one of the safest and most common methods used to increase muscle length; however, its effect is temporary and diminishes rapidly. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 35 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Mobilization, Hamstring Muscle Tightness, Gait Analysis
- What is being tested?
- Mulligan Bent Leg Raise (BLR) Technique and Mulligan Traction Straight Leg Raise (TSLR) Technique
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 34 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 20 Jun 2025to 10 Jan 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 35 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Individuals between the ages of 18 and 35
- Individuals who bilateral hamstring shortness
Who cannot join
- A passive knee extension angle of 20° or less
- A history of lower extremity pain or injury within the last 6 months
- Previous lower extremity surgery
- Neurological, rheumatological, or systemic diseases
- Poor cooperation for activities
- Regular participation in sports.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: The Effect of Two Different Mulligan Techniques on Spatiotemporal Parameters and Pelvic Oscillation in Individuals With Hamstring Tightness: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Various stretching methods have been developed to reduce hamstring tightness and improve flexibility. Static stretching is one of the safest and most common methods used to increase muscle length; however, its effect is temporary and diminishes rapidly. Additionally, such conventional methods can be uncomfortable and require longer periods to yield visible results. Unlike other mobilization procedures, the Mulligan concept is performed while patients execute a resisted muscle contraction or move actively or passively. Distinct from many other manual therapy approaches, this technique is applied within a symptom-free range of motion, which likely enhances its safety. Traction Straight Leg Raise (TSLR) and Bent Leg Raise (BLR) techniques are specific interventions defined by Mulligan. There are limited studies in the literature investigating the effects of these two techniques on hamstring flexibility. However, no study has compared these two techniques in terms of spatiotemporal gait parameters and pelvic oscillations. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to compare the effects of BLR and TSLR techniques applied to individuals with hamstring tightness on hamstring flexibility, spatiotemporal parameters of gait, and pelvic oscillations.
Read the detailed description
Flexibility holds a significant place among health-related physical fitness parameters and is defined as the normal range of motion achievable by a joint and/or joint complexes. Muscle flexibility is crucial for maintaining optimal muscle functionality and proper biomechanics. Limited flexibility leads to various musculoskeletal symptoms, postural deformities, and gait limitations. Reduced flexibility is commonly observed in fast-twitch and biarticular muscles, with the hamstring muscles being a prime example. The length of the hamstring muscles plays an essential role in human movement, including gait. Hamstring tightness reduces the ability to absorb shocks applied to the lower extremity and knee extension during walking, thereby decreasing step length. Individuals with hamstring tightness do not exhibit a normal gait pattern, particularly during the mid-swing and terminal swing phases. Furthermore, hamstring tightness results in reduced pelvic mobility. Decreased hamstring flexibility is a frequently observed finding in numerous musculoskeletal problems of the knee, hip, and lumbar regions. By disrupting the muscle length-tension relationship in the posterior kinetic chain, it has been specifically associated with clinical conditions such as low back pain, patellofemoral pain syndrome, and posterior pelvic tilt. Therefore, addressing this tightness stands out as a major goal in rehabilitation and exercise programs. Traction Straight Leg Raise (TSLR) and Bent Leg Raise (BLR) techniques are specific interventions. Only a limited number of studies have compared these two methods in individuals with hamstring tightness. Kapadia and Meshram reported that both of Mulligan's TSLR and BLR techniques are effective in improving hamstring muscle flexibility in healthy individuals; however, they noted that the TSLR technique was superior in enhancing flexibility. Priyanka et al. applied TSLR and BLR interventions to collegiate cricket players for a duration of two weeks and concluded that the BLR technique was more effective in increasing hamstring muscle flexibility compared to the TSLR technique. Furthermore, Bhosle and Rizvi investigated the treatment of sewing machine operators with hamstring tightness and low back pain, finding that both Mulligan BLR and TSLR techniques were effective in increasing hamstring flexibility and reducing low back pain-related disability, with no significant superiority of one technique over the other.
A review of the current literature reveals conflicting results regarding the efficacy of these techniques on hamstring flexibility. Furthermore, no study to date has compared these two techniques in terms of spatiotemporal gait parameters and pelvic oscillations. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to compare the effects of Mulligan TSLR and BLR techniques on hamstring flexibility, spatiotemporal gait parameters, and pelvic oscillations in individuals with hamstring tightness.
- Conditions
- Mobilization, Hamstring Muscle Tightness, Gait Analysis
- Being tested
- Mulligan Bent Leg Raise (BLR) Technique, Mulligan Traction Straight Leg Raise (TSLR) Technique
- Keywords
- Hamstring Muscles, Muscle Stretching Exercises, Joint Flexibility, Gait Analysis
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Mulligan Bent Leg Raise (BLR) TechniqueOther
The participant's flexed knee was supported on the therapist's shoulder. Following a resisted leg push and relaxation, the therapist passively moved the knee toward the ipsilateral shoulder to the maximum pain-free range. If pain occurred, the leg was shifted medially or laterally to find a pain-free pathway.
Mulligan Traction Straight Leg Raise (TSLR) TechniqueOther
In a supine position with the knee extended and hip neutral, maximum longitudinal traction was applied to the lower extremity. The limb was passively raised (SLR) until the onset of discomfort and immediately returned to the resting position. If pain was indicated, the movement direction was modified by adding abduction and/or rotation to ensure a pain-free pathway.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Mulligan Bent Leg Raise (BLR) Technique | Experimental | 17 individuals in this group, after evaluations, mobilization with movement technique applied by clinians and after that same evaluations will be applied. Receives: Other: Mulligan Bent Leg Raise (BLR) Technique |
| Mulligan Traction Straight Leg Raise (TSLR) Technique | Experimental | 17 individuals in this group, after evaluations, mobilization with movement technique applied by clinians and after that same evaluations will be applied. Receives: Other: Mulligan Traction Straight Leg Raise (TSLR) Technique |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Passive knee extension test
the participant was supine with the tested hip flexed to 90° and the femur stabilized. The contralateral leg remained flat on the table. A goniometer was placed with its axis on the lateral femoral epicondyle, the stationary arm aligned with the greater trochanter, and the moving arm with the lateral malleolus. The knee was passively extended until a stretch was felt or hip flexion was compromised, marking the test endpoint.
Measured: Measurements were taken at three time points: before the intervention, immediately following the intervention, and 24 hours later.
Secondary outcomes (9)
Cadence (step / min) during gait
"Cadence" (steps/min) is the number of steps in a minute. Cadence during gait was assessed using a BTS G-Walk accelerometer secured at the L4-L5 level. Participants walked at a normal pace along a 10-meter marked track and returned. Data were transmitted via Bluetooth to G-Studio software for analysis.
Measured: Measurements were taken at three time points: before the intervention, immediately following the intervention, and 24 hours later.
Speed (m / s) during gait
Speed (m/s) parameters is average walking speed. Speed during gait was assessed using a BTS G-Walk accelerometer secured at the L4-L5 level. Participants walked at a normal pace along a 10-meter marked track and returned. Data were transmitted via Bluetooth to G-Studio software for analysis.
Measured: Measurements were taken at three time points: before the intervention, immediately following the intervention, and 24 hours later
Gait cycle duration (s) during gait
Gait cycle duration (s) parameter is average value of the time interval between two consecutive heel strikes of the same foot. Gait cycle duration were assessed using a BTS G-Walk accelerometer secured at the L4-L5 level. Participants walked at a normal pace along a 10-meter marked track and returned. Data were transmitted via Bluetooth to G-Studio software for analysis.
Measured: Measurements were taken at three time points: before the intervention, immediately following the intervention, and 24 hours later
Stride length (m) during gait
Stride length (m) is the average value of distances between each initial contact and the next one of the same side. Stride length during gait was assessed using a BTS G-Walk accelerometer secured at the L4-L5 level. Participants walked at a normal pace along a 10-meter marked track and returned. Data were transmitted via Bluetooth to G-Studio software for analysis.
Measured: Measurements were taken at three time points: before the intervention, immediately following the intervention, and 24 hours later.
Stance phase (% cycle) during gait
Stance phase (% cycle) is the average value of the duration of the right and left foot support phase as percentage of the gait cycle. Stance phase during gait was assessed using a BTS G-Walk accelerometer secured at the L4-L5 level. Participants walked at a normal pace along a 10-meter marked track and returned. Data were transmitted via Bluetooth to G-Studio software for analysis.
Measured: Measurements were taken at three time points: before the intervention, immediately following the intervention, and 24 hours later.
Swing phase (% cycle) during gait
Swing phase (% cycle) is average value of the duration of the right and left swing phase as percentage of the gait cycle. Swing phase during gait was assessed using a BTS G-Walk accelerometer secured at the L4-L5 level. Participants walked at a normal pace along a 10-meter marked track and returned. Data were transmitted via Bluetooth to G-Studio software for analysis.
Measured: Measurements were taken at three time points: before the intervention, immediately following the intervention, and 24 hours later.
Pelvic tilt range (degrees) during gait
The angles average value described by the pelvis in the 3 main body planes (sagittal, frontal and transversal), are represented in three graphs: The sagittal plane component describes the pelvic tilt. Pelvic tilt range during gait were assessed using a BTS G-Walk accelerometer secured at the L4-L5 level. Participants walked at a normal pace along a 10-meter marked track and returned. Data were transmitted via Bluetooth to G-Studio software for analysis.
Measured: Measurements were taken at three time points: before the intervention, immediately following the intervention, and 24 hours later.
Pelvic obliquity range (degrees) during gait
The angles average value described by the pelvis in the 3 main body planes (sagittal, frontal and transversal), are represented in three graphs: the frontal plane component describes the pelvic obliquity. Pelvic obliquity range during gait analysis was assessed using a BTS G-Walk accelerometer secured at the L4-L5 level. Participants walked at a normal pace along a 10-meter marked track and returned. Data were transmitted via Bluetooth to G-Studio software for analysis.
Measured: Measurements were taken at three time points: before the intervention, immediately following the intervention, and 24 hours later.
Pelvic rotation range (degrees) during gait
The angles average value described by the pelvis in the 3 main body planes (sagittal, frontal and transversal), are represented in three graphs: the transversal plane component describes the pelvic rotation. Pelvic rotation range during gait were assessed using a BTS G-Walk accelerometer secured at the L4-L5 level. Participants walked at a normal pace along a 10-meter marked track and returned. Data were transmitted via Bluetooth to G-Studio software for analysis.
Measured: Measurements were taken at three time points: before the intervention, immediately following the intervention, and 24 hours later.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted29 Sep 2026
- Study start20 Jun 2025
- Primary completion1 Sep 2025
- Study completion10 Jan 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for MobilizationStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Gazi UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- There will be two separate groups in the study. The individuals in the group will be completely different individuals. Each group will receive a different intervention.
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Investigator
- Enrolment
- 34 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Gazi University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Cukurova University, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Gamze COBANOGLU, Gazi University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07846150
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2025 - 977
- Status last verified
- Sep 2026
- First submitted
- 14 Sep 2026
- Last updated
- 29 Sep 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 29 Sep 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Two Different Mulligan Techniques on Spatiotemporal Parameters and Pelvic Oscillation in Individuals With Hamstring Tightness: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07846150
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2025 - 977
- Conditions
- Mobilization, Hamstring Muscle Tightness, Gait Analysis
- Keywords
- Hamstring Muscles, Muscle Stretching Exercises, Joint Flexibility, Gait Analysis
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 34 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Gazi UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Cukurova University, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University
- Study start
- 20 Jun 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Sep 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 10 Jan 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 29 Sep 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Various stretching methods have been developed to reduce hamstring tightness and improve flexibility. Static stretching is one of the safest and most common methods used to increase muscle length; however, its effect is temporary and diminishes rapidly. Additionally, such conventional methods can be uncomfortable and require longer periods to yield visible results. Unlike other mobilization procedures, the Mulligan concept is performed while patients execute a resisted muscle contraction or move actively or passively. Distinct from many other manual therapy approaches, this technique is applied within a symptom-free range of motion, which likely enhances its safety. Traction Straight Leg Raise (TSLR) and Bent Leg Raise (BLR) techniques are specific interventions defined by Mulligan. There are limited studies in the literature investigating the effects of these two techniques on hamstring flexibility. However, no study has compared these two techniques in terms of spatiotemporal gait parameters and pelvic oscillations. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to compare the effects of BLR and TSLR techniques applied to individuals with hamstring tightness on hamstring flexibility, spatiotemporal parameters of gait, and pelvic oscillations.
Detailed description
Flexibility holds a significant place among health-related physical fitness parameters and is defined as the normal range of motion achievable by a joint and/or joint complexes. Muscle flexibility is crucial for maintaining optimal muscle functionality and proper biomechanics. Limited flexibility leads to various musculoskeletal symptoms, postural deformities, and gait limitations. Reduced flexibility is commonly observed in fast-twitch and biarticular muscles, with the hamstring muscles being a prime example. The length of the hamstring muscles plays an essential role in human movement, including gait. Hamstring tightness reduces the ability to absorb shocks applied to the lower extremity and knee extension during walking, thereby decreasing step length. Individuals with hamstring tightness do not exhibit a normal gait pattern, particularly during the mid-swing and terminal swing phases. Furthermore, hamstring tightness results in reduced pelvic mobility. Decreased hamstring flexibility is a frequently observed finding in numerous musculoskeletal problems of the knee, hip, and lumbar regions. By disrupting the muscle length-tension relationship in the posterior kinetic chain, it has been specifically associated with clinical conditions such as low back pain, patellofemoral pain syndrome, and posterior pelvic tilt. Therefore, addressing this tightness stands out as a major goal in rehabilitation and exercise programs. Traction Straight Leg Raise (TSLR) and Bent Leg Raise (BLR) techniques are specific interventions. Only a limited number of studies have compared these two methods in individuals with hamstring tightness. Kapadia and Meshram reported that both of Mulligan's TSLR and BLR techniques are effective in improving hamstring muscle flexibility in healthy individuals; however, they noted that the TSLR technique was superior in enhancing flexibility. Priyanka et al. applied TSLR and BLR interventions to collegiate cricket players for a duration of two weeks and concluded that the BLR technique was more effective in increasing hamstring muscle flexibility compared to the TSLR technique. Furthermore, Bhosle and Rizvi investigated the treatment of sewing machine operators with hamstring tightness and low back pain, finding that both Mulligan BLR and TSLR techniques were effective in increasing hamstring flexibility and reducing low back pain-related disability, with no significant superiority of one technique over the other.
A review of the current literature reveals conflicting results regarding the efficacy of these techniques on hamstring flexibility. Furthermore, no study to date has compared these two techniques in terms of spatiotemporal gait parameters and pelvic oscillations. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to compare the effects of Mulligan TSLR and BLR techniques on hamstring flexibility, spatiotemporal gait parameters, and pelvic oscillations in individuals with hamstring tightness.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (investigator)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- There will be two separate groups in the study. The individuals in the group will be completely different individuals. Each group will receive a different intervention.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Mulligan Bent Leg Raise (BLR) Technique | Experimental | Other: Mulligan Bent Leg Raise (BLR) Technique17 individuals in this group, after evaluations, mobilization with movement technique applied by clinians and after that same evaluations will be applied. |
| Mulligan Traction Straight Leg Raise (TSLR) Technique | Experimental | Other: Mulligan Traction Straight Leg Raise (TSLR) Technique17 individuals in this group, after evaluations, mobilization with movement technique applied by clinians and after that same evaluations will be applied. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 35 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Individuals between the ages of 18 and 35
- Individuals who bilateral hamstring shortness
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- A passive knee extension angle of 20° or less
- A history of lower extremity pain or injury within the last 6 months
- Previous lower extremity surgery
- Neurological, rheumatological, or systemic diseases
- Poor cooperation for activities
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Mulligan Bent Leg Raise (BLR) TechniqueThe participant's flexed knee was supported on the therapist's shoulder. Following a resisted leg push and relaxation, the therapist passively moved the knee toward the ipsilateral shoulder to the maximum pain-free range. If pain occurred, the leg was shifted medially or laterally to find a pain-free pathway. | Other | Mulligan Bent Leg Raise (BLR) Technique |
| Mulligan Traction Straight Leg Raise (TSLR) TechniqueIn a supine position with the knee extended and hip neutral, maximum longitudinal traction was applied to the lower extremity. The limb was passively raised (SLR) until the onset of discomfort and immediately returned to the resting position. If pain was indicated, the movement direction was modified by adding abduction and/or rotation to ensure a pain-free pathway. | Other | Mulligan Traction Straight Leg Raise (TSLR) Technique |
Primary outcome
Passive knee extension test
Time frame: Measurements were taken at three time points: before the intervention, immediately following the intervention, and 24 hours later.
the participant was supine with the tested hip flexed to 90° and the femur stabilized. The contralateral leg remained flat on the table. A goniometer was placed with its axis on the lateral femoral epicondyle, the stationary arm aligned with the greater trochanter, and the moving arm with the lateral malleolus. The knee was passively extended until a stretch was felt or hip flexion was compromised, marking the test endpoint.
9 secondary outcomes
Cadence (step / min) during gait
Time frame: Measurements were taken at three time points: before the intervention, immediately following the intervention, and 24 hours later.
Speed (m / s) during gait
Time frame: Measurements were taken at three time points: before the intervention, immediately following the intervention, and 24 hours later
Gait cycle duration (s) during gait
Time frame: Measurements were taken at three time points: before the intervention, immediately following the intervention, and 24 hours later
Stride length (m) during gait
Time frame: Measurements were taken at three time points: before the intervention, immediately following the intervention, and 24 hours later.
Stance phase (% cycle) during gait
Time frame: Measurements were taken at three time points: before the intervention, immediately following the intervention, and 24 hours later.
Swing phase (% cycle) during gait
Time frame: Measurements were taken at three time points: before the intervention, immediately following the intervention, and 24 hours later.
Pelvic tilt range (degrees) during gait
Time frame: Measurements were taken at three time points: before the intervention, immediately following the intervention, and 24 hours later.
Pelvic obliquity range (degrees) during gait
Time frame: Measurements were taken at three time points: before the intervention, immediately following the intervention, and 24 hours later.
Pelvic rotation range (degrees) during gait
Time frame: Measurements were taken at three time points: before the intervention, immediately following the intervention, and 24 hours later.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 29 Sep 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
Related trials for Mobilization
Not yet recruiting
Effects of Cervical SNAGs With and Without Thoracic Manipulation on Neck Pain and Disability in Smartphone Users
Non Specific Neck Pain
Active, not recruiting
PICU Up!: A Pilot Stepped-wedge Trial of a Multicomponent Early Mobility Intervention for Critically Ill Children
Critical Illness
Not yet recruiting
Effects of Mobilization With and Without Suboccipital Muscle Release on Pain, Range of Motion, and Disability in Mechanical Neck Pain
Mechanical Neck Pain
Active, not recruiting
Comparing Instrument-Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization and Muscle Energy Technique for Myofascial Pain Syndrome in Women
Myofascial Pain Syndrome
RecruitingPhase 2
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Severe Aplastic Anemia and Other Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes Using G-CSF Mobilized CD34+ Selected Hematopoietic Precursor Cells Co-Infused With a Reduced Dose of Non-Mobilized Donor T-cells
Severe Aplastic Anemia, MDS (Myelodysplastic Syndrome)
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Mulligan Bent Leg Raise (BLR) Technique and Mulligan Traction Straight Leg Raise (TSLR) Technique in people with Mobilization and Hamstring Muscle Tightness, run by Gazi University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 29 Sep 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Passive knee extension test (time frame: Measurements were taken at three time points: before the intervention, immediately following the intervention, and 24 hours later.). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 29 Sep 2026.