Gender-Based ViolenceGBV-HA-RTNCT07851883
GBV Response Training for Health Assistant Students in Nepal
A study testing Six-Day GBV Response Training (WHO LIVES-based) in people with Gender-Based Violence and Intimate Partner Violence, run by Axon Infotech Research Academy Pvt. Ltd. at 1 site in Nepal.
Trial summary
This study evaluated a six-day Gender-Based Violence (GBV) response training for PCL General Medicine (Health Assistant) students in Nepal. Students at Kantipur College of Medical Sciences (intervention group, n=40) received a facilitator-led training based on the WHO LIVES framework (Listen, Inquire, Validate… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 15 to 25 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Gender-Based Violence, Intimate Partner Violence, Health Professions Education
- What is being tested?
- Six-Day GBV Response Training (WHO LIVES-based)
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 80 participants
- Where
- 1 siteNepal
- Study dates
- 16 Apr 2026to 30 Jul 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 15 to 25 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult
Who may be able to join
- Enrolled in the first or second year of the PCL General Medicine (Health Assistant) programme at Kantipur College of Medical Sciences or Lord Buddha College of Health Science.
- Voluntary written informed consent
Who cannot join
- Previous attendance at a formal GBV training.
- Absent at baseline assessment.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Nepal1 site
Kantipur College of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu, Bagmati, Nepal
Kathmandu, 44800
About this study
Official title: Effectiveness of Gender-Based Violence (GBV) Response Training on Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceived Self-Efficacy Among PCL General Medicine Students in Nepal: A Quasi-Experimental Study
This study evaluated a six-day Gender-Based Violence (GBV) response training for PCL General Medicine (Health Assistant) students in Nepal. Students at Kantipur College of Medical Sciences (intervention group, n=40) received a facilitator-led training based on the WHO LIVES framework (Listen, Inquire, Validate, Enhance safety, Support) and Nepal's national Health Response to GBV package. Students at Lord Buddha College of Health Science (control group, n=40) received no training during the study period and were offered the same training after data collection. Both groups completed a questionnaire measuring GBV knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy before the training (baseline) and after the training (Day 6). The main comparison is the difference between groups in score change from baseline to Day 6. The study was retrospectively registered.
Read the detailed description
This pretest/posttest quasi-experimental study used a non-equivalent control group to evaluate a six-day GBV response training for first- and second-year PCL General Medicine (Health Assistant) students at two CTEVT-affiliated colleges in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. The intervention group (Kantipur College of Medical Sciences, n=40) received a structured training based on the WHO LIVES framework and Nepal's national Health Response to GBV package, delivered through facilitated lectures, case-study discussions, role-play exercises, and reflective practice sessions. The control group (Lord Buddha College of Health Science, n=40) received no training before post-test data collection; for ethical reasons, the same training was offered to the control group afterwards (delayed-intervention design). Participants were stratified by academic year with proportional allocation.
A structured questionnaire administered through KoboToolbox measured three outcomes at baseline (T1) and Day 6 (T2): Knowledge (25 single-best-answer items, range 0-25), Attitudes (12 five-point Likert items, range 12-60, four reverse-scored), and Self-Efficacy (8 four-point Likert items, range 8-32). The three co-primary outcomes are between-group differences in gain scores (T2 - T1), analysed with Mann-Whitney U tests and Holm-Bonferroni correction across the three tests. Supporting analyses include Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, linear mixed-effects models (group × time), bias-corrected and accelerated (BCa) bootstrap effect sizes, MANCOVA adjusting for baseline, and sensitivity analyses (Welch t-test and permutation test).
The study was approved by the Institutional Review Committee of Madan Bhandari Academy of Health Sciences (IRC-169-083-084, 17 September 2026). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants [VERIFY: add "and from parents or guardians of participants under 18 years", if that is what happened]. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the ethical guidelines of the Nepal Health Research Council. The study was registered retrospectively.
- Being tested
- Six-Day GBV Response Training (WHO LIVES-based)
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Six-Day GBV Response Training (WHO LIVES-based)Behavioural
Six-day, facilitator-led pre-service training on the health-sector response to gender-based violence (GBV), based on the WHO LIVES framework (Listen, Inquire, Validate, Enhance safety, Support) and Nepal's national Health Response to GBV training package. Content covers GBV definitions and types, recognition of red flags, clinical management protocols (post-exposure prophylaxis and emergency contraception time windows), relevant Nepali legal frameworks, survivor-centred communication, and referral to One-Stop Crisis Management Centres (OCMCs). Delivery methods are facilitated lectures, case-study discussions, role-play exercises, and reflective practice sessions, delivered by trained facilitators over six days. No drug, device, biological product, or procedure is involved; this is a purely educational intervention.
If you know the hours per day or the total contact hours, add them after "over six days", for example "over six days (6 hours/day, 36 contact hours)". That still fits withi
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Intervention Group (Kantipur College of Medical Sciences) | Experimental | Arm description: PCL General Medicine (Health Assistant) students in first and second year (n=40) who received the six-day GBV response training.
Intervention: Behavioral: Six-Day GBV Response Training Intervention description: A six-day, facilitator-led training 5 hours per day] based on the WHO LIVES framework and Nepal's national Health Response to GBV package, covering GBV definitions and types, recognition of red flags, clinical protocols (post-exposure prophylaxis, emergency contraception), relevant Nepali legal frameworks, survivor-centred communication, and referral to One-Stop Crisis Management Centres. Delivery used facilitated lectures, case-study discussions, role-play, and reflective practice. No drug, device, biological product, or procedure was involved. Receives: Behavioral: Six-Day GBV Response Training (WHO LIVES-based) |
| No Intervention: Control Group (Lord Buddha College of Health Science) | No intervention | Arm description: PCL General Medicine (Health Assistant) students in first and second year (n=40) who received no GBV training during the study period and were offered the same training after post-test data collection. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in GBV Knowledge Score
Measured with a 25-item single-best-answer multiple-choice questionnaire. Scores range from 0 to 25; higher scores indicate better GBV knowledge. The primary comparison is the between-group difference in gain scores (T2 - T1), analysed with the Mann-Whitney U test, Holm-corrected across the three co-primary outcomes.
Measured: 6 Days Training
Secondary outcomes (1)
Change in GBV Attitude Score
Measured with 12 five-point Likert items, four of them reverse-scored. Scores range from 12 to 60; higher scores indicate more supportive, survivor-centred attitudes. Between-group difference in gain scores, analysed with the Mann-Whitney U test, Holm-corrected.
Measured: 6 Days Training
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted1 Oct 2026
- Study start16 Apr 2026
- Primary completion30 Jul 2026
- Study completion30 Jul 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Gender-Based ViolenceStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Two parallel groups at two colleges: an intervention group receiving six-day GBV response training and a non-equivalent control group receiving delayed training, each assessed at baseline and Day 6
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 80 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Axon Infotech Research Academy Pvt. Ltd.
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07851883
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- GBV-HA-KCMS-2026
- Other IDs
- IRC-169-083-084
- Acronym
- GBV-HA-RT
- Status last verified
- Sep 2026
- First submitted
- 25 Sep 2026
- Last updated
- 1 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: Plan Description: De-identified individual participant data underlying the published results will be available from the corresponding author on reasonable request, after publication, for non-commercial academic research, subject to a data-use agreement.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 1 Oct 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effectiveness of Gender-Based Violence (GBV) Response Training on Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceived Self-Efficacy Among PCL General Medicine Students in Nepal: A Quasi-Experimental Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07851883
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- GBV-HA-RT / GBV-HA-KCMS-2026
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 80 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Axon Infotech Research Academy Pvt. Ltd.University, hospital or other
- Study start
- 16 Apr 2026 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Jul 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Jul 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 1 Oct 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study evaluated a six-day Gender-Based Violence (GBV) response training for PCL General Medicine (Health Assistant) students in Nepal. Students at Kantipur College of Medical Sciences (intervention group, n=40) received a facilitator-led training based on the WHO LIVES framework (Listen, Inquire, Validate, Enhance safety, Support) and Nepal's national Health Response to GBV package. Students at Lord Buddha College of Health Science (control group, n=40) received no training during the study period and were offered the same training after data collection. Both groups completed a questionnaire measuring GBV knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy before the training (baseline) and after the training (Day 6). The main comparison is the difference between groups in score change from baseline to Day 6. The study was retrospectively registered.
Detailed description
This pretest/posttest quasi-experimental study used a non-equivalent control group to evaluate a six-day GBV response training for first- and second-year PCL General Medicine (Health Assistant) students at two CTEVT-affiliated colleges in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. The intervention group (Kantipur College of Medical Sciences, n=40) received a structured training based on the WHO LIVES framework and Nepal's national Health Response to GBV package, delivered through facilitated lectures, case-study discussions, role-play exercises, and reflective practice sessions. The control group (Lord Buddha College of Health Science, n=40) received no training before post-test data collection; for ethical reasons, the same training was offered to the control group afterwards (delayed-intervention design). Participants were stratified by academic year with proportional allocation.
A structured questionnaire administered through KoboToolbox measured three outcomes at baseline (T1) and Day 6 (T2): Knowledge (25 single-best-answer items, range 0-25), Attitudes (12 five-point Likert items, range 12-60, four reverse-scored), and Self-Efficacy (8 four-point Likert items, range 8-32). The three co-primary outcomes are between-group differences in gain scores (T2 - T1), analysed with Mann-Whitney U tests and Holm-Bonferroni correction across the three tests. Supporting analyses include Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, linear mixed-effects models (group × time), bias-corrected and accelerated (BCa) bootstrap effect sizes, MANCOVA adjusting for baseline, and sensitivity analyses (Welch t-test and permutation test).
The study was approved by the Institutional Review Committee of Madan Bhandari Academy of Health Sciences (IRC-169-083-084, 17 September 2026). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants [VERIFY: add "and from parents or guardians of participants under 18 years", if that is what happened]. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the ethical guidelines of the Nepal Health Research Council. The study was registered retrospectively.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Two parallel groups at two colleges: an intervention group receiving six-day GBV response training and a non-equivalent control group receiving delayed training, each assessed at baseline and Day 6
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Intervention Group (Kantipur College of Medical Sciences) | Experimental | Behavioral: Six-Day GBV Response Training (WHO LIVES-based)Arm description: PCL General Medicine (Health Assistant) students in first and second year (n=40) who received the six-day GBV response training. Intervention: Behavioral: Six-Day GBV Response Training Intervention description: A six-day, facilitator-led training 5 hours per day] based on the WHO LIVES framework and Nepal's national Health Response to GBV package, covering GBV definitions and types, recognition of red flags, clinical protocols (post-exposure prophylaxis, emergency contraception), relevant Nepali legal frameworks, survivor-centred communication, and referral to One-Stop Crisis Management Centres. Delivery used facilitated lectures, case-study discussions, role-play, and reflective practice. No drug, device, biological product, or procedure was involved. |
| No Intervention: Control Group (Lord Buddha College of Health Science) | No intervention | –Arm description: PCL General Medicine (Health Assistant) students in first and second year (n=40) who received no GBV training during the study period and were offered the same training after post-test data collection. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 15 to 25 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Enrolled in the first or second year of the PCL General Medicine (Health Assistant) programme at Kantipur College of Medical Sciences or Lord Buddha College of Health Science.
- Voluntary written informed consent
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Previous attendance at a formal GBV training.
- Absent at baseline assessment.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Six-Day GBV Response Training (WHO LIVES-based)Six-day, facilitator-led pre-service training on the health-sector response to gender-based violence (GBV), based on the WHO LIVES framework (Listen, Inquire, Validate, Enhance safety, Support) and Nepal's national Health Response to GBV training package. Content covers GBV definitions and types, recognition of red flags, clinical management protocols (post-exposure prophylaxis and emergency contraception time windows), relevant Nepali legal frameworks, survivor-centred communication, and referral to One-Stop Crisis Management Centres (OCMCs). Delivery methods are facilitated lectures, case-study discussions, role-play exercises, and reflective practice sessions, delivered by trained facilitators over six days. No drug, device, biological product, or procedure is involved; this is a purely educational intervention. If you know the hours per day or the total contact hours, add them after "over six days", for example "over six days (6 hours/day, 36 contact hours)". That still fits withi | Behavioural | Intervention Group (Kantipur College of Medical Sciences) |
Primary outcome
Change in GBV Knowledge Score
Time frame: 6 Days Training
Measured with a 25-item single-best-answer multiple-choice questionnaire. Scores range from 0 to 25; higher scores indicate better GBV knowledge. The primary comparison is the between-group difference in gain scores (T2 - T1), analysed with the Mann-Whitney U test, Holm-corrected across the three co-primary outcomes.
1 secondary outcome
Change in GBV Attitude Score
Time frame: 6 Days Training
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 1 Oct 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. Plan Description: De-identified individual participant data underlying the published results will be available from the corresponding author on reasonable request, after publication, for non-commercial academic research, subject to a data-use agreement.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Six-Day GBV Response Training (WHO LIVES-based) in people with Gender-Based Violence and Intimate Partner Violence, run by Axon Infotech Research Academy Pvt. Ltd. at 1 site in Nepal.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 1 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Nepal. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in GBV Knowledge Score (time frame: 6 Days Training). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 1 Oct 2026.