Oral Proprioceptive Sensitivity and Upper Limb Kinesthetic AcuityNCT07854314
Oral Proprioceptive Sensitivity and Upper Limb Kinesthetic Acuity: A Pilot Study
An observational study of Oral Proprioceptive Sensitivity and Upper Limb Kinesthetic Acuity, run by Sophie Román Richon at 1 site in Spain.
Trial summary
The goal of this observational study is to investigate whether differences in oral proprioceptive sensitivity are associated with differences in kinesthetic acuity of the upper limbs in children. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages Up to 15 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Oral Proprioceptive Sensitivity and Upper Limb Kinesthetic Acuity
- What is being tested?
- Upper-Limb Kinesthetic Acuity Assessment, Effect of Auditory Stimulation on Visual Perception and Oral Proprioceptive Sensitivity Assessment
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine
- How many people
- 33 participants
- Where
- 1 siteSpain
- Study dates
- 14 Jan 2024to 14 Dec 2024
- How long will I take part?
- 1 Day
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages Up to 15 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child
Study population: The study population consists of children younger than 15 years who have all eight permanent incisors and who meet the study eligibility criteria. Participants are recruited among patients of the Hospital Odontològic Universitat de Barcelona (HOUB) and children accompanying their parents or relatives attending the HOUB. The study includes children without neurological, sensory, motor, auditory, visual, or dental conditions that could interfere with the study procedures or the interpretation of the results.
Who may be able to join
- Children younger than 15 years.
- Presence of all eight permanent incisors.
- Voluntary agreement to participate in the study.
Who cannot join
- Neurological, sensory, or motor conditions that could interfere with the performance or interpretation of the study procedures.
- Treatment with psychotropic medication.
- Hearing loss in one or both ears.
- Visual acuity below 20/20 in either eye.
- Stereoacuity below 120 arc seconds.
- Vertical phoria greater than 0.75 prism diopters.
Show all 10Show fewer
- Strabismus, whether previously operated or not.
- Ongoing optometric rehabilitation.
- History of amblyopia.
- Absence of one or more permanent incisors.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Possible Correlation Between Variability in Oral Proprioceptive Sensitivity and Variability in Upper Limb Kinesthetic Acuity
The goal of this observational study is to investigate whether differences in oral proprioceptive sensitivity are associated with differences in kinesthetic acuity of the upper limbs in children.
The study examines two aspects of proprioception: oral proprioceptive sensitivity, which refers to the sensory response to proprioceptive stimulation of structures in the mouth, and upper-limb kinesthetic acuity, which refers to the ability to perceive the position or movement of the arms without relying on vision.
Read more
The study will also explore whether oral and auditory sensory stimuli can produce small, transient visual losses, referred to as visual pseudoscotomas, during a perceptual test based on the Maddox rod. Participants will complete standardized experimental tasks designed to assess upper-limb kinesthetic acuity and oral proprioceptive sensitivity.
The study is intended to contribute to the understanding of possible relationships between oral proprioception and proprioception of the upper limbs in children, and of how oral and auditory sensory information may interact with visual perception.
Read the detailed description
This observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study investigates the possible relationship between oral proprioceptive sensitivity and kinesthetic acuity of the upper limbs in children younger than 15 years.
The study consists of two main assessments:
Upper-Limb Kinesthetic Acuity
Upper-limb kinesthetic acuity is assessed using a matching task based on the method described by Proske and Gandevia. With their eyes covered, participants reproduce the position of one forearm with the other. The angular position of both forearms is measured using digital inclinometers, and the difference between the reference and indicator arms is recorded across repeated trials. The procedure is performed five times for forearm flexion and five times for extension.
Oral Proprioceptive Sensitivity and Visual Perception
The effect of oral proprioceptive stimulation on visual perception is assessed using the Perceptive Maddox Test. Participants lie on a rigid examination table, with the head position maintained by the examiner. The test produces binocular dissociation, allowing the participant to perceive a horizontal red line and a point of light as separate visual images.
The assessment is performed in three phases. First, participants are exposed to auditory stimulation alone, consisting of five 10-second sequences of simultaneous 500-Hz whistles presented to both ears at approximately 50 dB. The occurrence and characteristics of transient visual losses (visual pseudoscotomas) are recorded.
Second, auditory stimulation is combined with different oral proprioceptive stimuli involving the incisors, including tongue contact and examiner-applied pressure. The effect of these stimuli on the visual perception of the red line is recorded.
Third, calibrated pressure or traction stimuli are applied to the incisors using a dynamometer, according to the oral stimulus that produced a visual effect in the previous phase. The temporal and spatial characteristics of the response, as well as the variability in the pressure or traction required, are recorded.
The study is exploratory and aims to characterize the possible relationship between oral proprioceptive responses and upper-limb kinesthetic acuity, as well as the interaction between oral and auditory sensory stimulation and visual perception.
- Being tested
- Upper-Limb Kinesthetic Acuity Assessment, Effect of Auditory Stimulation on Visual Perception, Oral Proprioceptive Sensitivity Assessment
- Keywords
- Oral proprioceptive sensitivity, Proprioception, Kinesthetic acuity, Transient visual loss, Multisensory integration
- Medical subject headings
- Blindness
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Upper-Limb Kinesthetic Acuity AssessmentOther
Also called Phase 1, Kinesthetic Matching Task
Participants performed a matching task with both forearms while their eyes were covered. One forearm was positioned by the examiner at a predetermined angle, and the participant moved the other forearm to match its perceived position. The angular position of both forearms was measured using digital inclinometers. The procedure was repeated five times for forearm flexion and five times for extension to assess the variability of upper-limb kinesthetic acuity.
Effect of Auditory Stimulation on Visual PerceptionOther
Also called Phase 2, Perceptive Maddox Test and Auditory Stimulation
Participants underwent the Perceptive Maddox Test while receiving bilateral auditory stimulation consisting of simultaneous 500-Hz whistles presented through wireless headphones at approximately 50 dB. Five 10-second sequences were presented. Participants reported whether the red line disappeared completely or partially and, when applicable, indicated the location and changes in location of the visual loss. The occurrence and temporal and spatial characteristics of transient visual losses (visual pseudoscotomas) were recorded.
Oral Proprioceptive Sensitivity AssessmentOther
Also called Phase 3, Perceptive Maddox Test and Oral Proprioceptive Stimulation
The effect of oral proprioceptive stimulation on visual perception was assessed using the Perceptive Maddox Test in combination with auditory stimulation. Oral stimuli consisted of examiner-applied pressure to the vestibular surfaces of the incisors. When an oral stimulus produced a visual effect, calibrated pressure or traction was applied to the incisors using a dynamometer. The temporal and spatial characteristics of the visual response and the variability in the pressure or traction required were recorded.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Children younger than 15 years | Children younger than 15 years who participate in the study and undergo assessments of upper-limb kinesthetic acuity and the effect of oral proprioceptive stimulation on visual perception. Receives: Other: Upper-Limb Kinesthetic Acuity Assessment; Other: Effect of Auditory Stimulation on Visual Perception; Other: Oral Proprioceptive Sensitivity Assessment |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Correlation between upper-limb kinesthetic acuity and oral proprioceptive sensitivity
Correlation between variability in upper-limb kinesthetic acuity, assessed by the matching task, and variability in the visual response to oral proprioceptive stimulation during the Perceptive Maddox Test.
Measured: Day 1
Secondary outcomes (3)
Occurrence of auditory-induced visual pseudoscotomas
Proportion of participants who experience transient visual losses (visual pseudoscotomas) during bilateral auditory stimulation in the Perceptive Maddox Test.
Measured: Day 1
Effect of oral proprioceptive stimulation on auditory-induced visual pseudoscotomas
Proportion of participants in whom oral proprioceptive stimulation suppresses auditory-induced visual pseudoscotomas, and characterization of the oral stimuli producing this effect.
Measured: Day 1
Lability of the visual response to oral proprioceptive stimulation
Temporal and spatial lability of the visual response to oral proprioceptive stimulation and variability in the pressure or traction intensity required to suppress visual pseudoscotomas.
Measured: Day 1
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted2 Oct 2026
- Study start14 Jan 2024
- Primary completion14 Dec 2024
- Study completion14 Dec 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Oral Proprioceptive Sensitivity and Upper Limb Kinesthetic AcuityStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Enrolment
- 33 participants (actual)
- Target duration
- 1 Day
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Sophie Román Richon
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Hospital Odontològic UB
- Responsible party
- Sponsor-investigator, Sophie Román Richon, University of Barcelona
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07854314
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- CEIm HOUB 27/2023
- Status last verified
- Sep 2026
- First submitted
- 22 Sep 2026
- Last updated
- 2 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 2 Oct 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Possible Correlation Between Variability in Oral Proprioceptive Sensitivity and Variability in Upper Limb Kinesthetic Acuity
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07854314
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- CEIm HOUB 27/2023
- Keywords
- Oral proprioceptive sensitivity, Proprioception, Kinesthetic acuity, Transient visual loss, Multisensory integration
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 33 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Sophie Román RichonUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Hospital Odontològic UB
- Study start
- 14 Jan 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 14 Dec 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 14 Dec 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 2 Oct 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The goal of this observational study is to investigate whether differences in oral proprioceptive sensitivity are associated with differences in kinesthetic acuity of the upper limbs in children.
The study examines two aspects of proprioception: oral proprioceptive sensitivity, which refers to the sensory response to proprioceptive stimulation of structures in the mouth, and upper-limb kinesthetic acuity, which refers to the ability to perceive the position or movement of the arms without relying on vision.
The study will also explore whether oral and auditory sensory stimuli can produce small, transient visual losses, referred to as visual pseudoscotomas, during a perceptual test based on the Maddox rod. Participants will complete standardized experimental tasks designed to assess upper-limb kinesthetic acuity and oral proprioceptive sensitivity.
The study is intended to contribute to the understanding of possible relationships between oral proprioception and proprioception of the upper limbs in children, and of how oral and auditory sensory information may interact with visual perception.
Detailed description
This observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study investigates the possible relationship between oral proprioceptive sensitivity and kinesthetic acuity of the upper limbs in children younger than 15 years.
The study consists of two main assessments:
Upper-Limb Kinesthetic Acuity
Upper-limb kinesthetic acuity is assessed using a matching task based on the method described by Proske and Gandevia. With their eyes covered, participants reproduce the position of one forearm with the other. The angular position of both forearms is measured using digital inclinometers, and the difference between the reference and indicator arms is recorded across repeated trials. The procedure is performed five times for forearm flexion and five times for extension.
Oral Proprioceptive Sensitivity and Visual Perception
The effect of oral proprioceptive stimulation on visual perception is assessed using the Perceptive Maddox Test. Participants lie on a rigid examination table, with the head position maintained by the examiner. The test produces binocular dissociation, allowing the participant to perceive a horizontal red line and a point of light as separate visual images.
The assessment is performed in three phases. First, participants are exposed to auditory stimulation alone, consisting of five 10-second sequences of simultaneous 500-Hz whistles presented to both ears at approximately 50 dB. The occurrence and characteristics of transient visual losses (visual pseudoscotomas) are recorded.
Second, auditory stimulation is combined with different oral proprioceptive stimuli involving the incisors, including tongue contact and examiner-applied pressure. The effect of these stimuli on the visual perception of the red line is recorded.
Third, calibrated pressure or traction stimuli are applied to the incisors using a dynamometer, according to the oral stimulus that produced a visual effect in the previous phase. The temporal and spatial characteristics of the response, as well as the variability in the pressure or traction required, are recorded.
The study is exploratory and aims to characterize the possible relationship between oral proprioceptive responses and upper-limb kinesthetic acuity, as well as the interaction between oral and auditory sensory stimulation and visual perception.
Study design
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Target follow-up
- 1 Day
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Children younger than 15 years | – | Other: Upper-Limb Kinesthetic Acuity Assessment, Other: Effect of Auditory Stimulation on Visual Perception, Other: Oral Proprioceptive Sensitivity AssessmentChildren younger than 15 years who participate in the study and undergo assessments of upper-limb kinesthetic acuity and the effect of oral proprioceptive stimulation on visual perception. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- Up to 15 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child
- Study population
- The study population consists of children younger than 15 years who have all eight permanent incisors and who meet the study eligibility criteria. Participants are recruited among patients of the Hospital Odontològic Universitat de Barcelona (HOUB) and children accompanying their parents or relatives attending the HOUB. The study includes children without neurological, sensory, motor, auditory, visual, or dental conditions that could interfere with the study procedures or the interpretation of the results.
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Children younger than 15 years.
- Presence of all eight permanent incisors.
- Voluntary agreement to participate in the study.
Key exclusion criteria (10 listed)
- Neurological, sensory, or motor conditions that could interfere with the performance or interpretation of the study procedures.
- Treatment with psychotropic medication.
- Hearing loss in one or both ears.
- Visual acuity below 20/20 in either eye.
- Stereoacuity below 120 arc seconds.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Upper-Limb Kinesthetic Acuity AssessmentAlso: Phase 1, Kinesthetic Matching TaskParticipants performed a matching task with both forearms while their eyes were covered. One forearm was positioned by the examiner at a predetermined angle, and the participant moved the other forearm to match its perceived position. The angular position of both forearms was measured using digital inclinometers. The procedure was repeated five times for forearm flexion and five times for extension to assess the variability of upper-limb kinesthetic acuity. | Other | Children younger than 15 years |
| Effect of Auditory Stimulation on Visual PerceptionAlso: Phase 2, Perceptive Maddox Test and Auditory StimulationParticipants underwent the Perceptive Maddox Test while receiving bilateral auditory stimulation consisting of simultaneous 500-Hz whistles presented through wireless headphones at approximately 50 dB. Five 10-second sequences were presented. Participants reported whether the red line disappeared completely or partially and, when applicable, indicated the location and changes in location of the visual loss. The occurrence and temporal and spatial characteristics of transient visual losses (visual pseudoscotomas) were recorded. | Other | Children younger than 15 years |
| Oral Proprioceptive Sensitivity AssessmentAlso: Phase 3, Perceptive Maddox Test and Oral Proprioceptive StimulationThe effect of oral proprioceptive stimulation on visual perception was assessed using the Perceptive Maddox Test in combination with auditory stimulation. Oral stimuli consisted of examiner-applied pressure to the vestibular surfaces of the incisors. When an oral stimulus produced a visual effect, calibrated pressure or traction was applied to the incisors using a dynamometer. The temporal and spatial characteristics of the visual response and the variability in the pressure or traction required were recorded. | Other | Children younger than 15 years |
Primary outcome
Correlation between upper-limb kinesthetic acuity and oral proprioceptive sensitivity
Time frame: Day 1
Correlation between variability in upper-limb kinesthetic acuity, assessed by the matching task, and variability in the visual response to oral proprioceptive stimulation during the Perceptive Maddox Test.
3 secondary outcomes
Occurrence of auditory-induced visual pseudoscotomas
Time frame: Day 1
Effect of oral proprioceptive stimulation on auditory-induced visual pseudoscotomas
Time frame: Day 1
Lability of the visual response to oral proprioceptive stimulation
Time frame: Day 1
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 2 Oct 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Oral Proprioceptive Sensitivity and Upper Limb Kinesthetic Acuity, run by Sophie Román Richon at 1 site in Spain.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 10 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 2 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Spain. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Correlation between upper-limb kinesthetic acuity and oral proprioceptive sensitivity (time frame: Day 1). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 2 Oct 2026.