Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)NCT07858812
Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Revised Bath CRPS Body Perception Disturbance Scale
An observational study of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS), run by Izmir Democracy University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This study aims to perform the cross-cultural adaptation of the Revised Bath Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Body Perception Disturbance Scale (r-B-CRPS-BPDS) into Turkish and to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version in adults with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS). Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)
- How many people
- 42 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 15 Nov 2026to 15 Nov 2027
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: This study will include patients aged 18 years and older who have been diagnosed with complex regional pain syndrome based on Budapest clinical diagnosis criteria and who have applied to the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Outpatient Clinic at İzmir Democracy University Buca Seyfi Demirsoy Education and Research Hospital.
Who may be able to join
- Meet the criteria for a diagnosis of CRPS based on the Budapest clinical diagnostic criteria following clinical evaluation
- Have complex regional pain syndrome affecting the upper or lower extremity
- Be able to provide written informed consent to participate in the study
- Have the cognitive ability to understand the forms and scales in Turkish
Who cannot join
- The presence of cognitive impairment or communication difficulties severe enough to prevent understanding of the scales or providing reliable responses
- The presence of a central neurological disorder that could significantly affect body perception, somatosensory function, or limb function (e.g., stroke, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury)
- The presence of a serious additional neurological or musculoskeletal disorder in the evaluated extremity, other than CRPS, that could significantly affect body perception and function
- The presence of a severe psychiatric disorder severe enough to prevent reliable clinical evaluation and administration of the scales
- Inability to complete the scales or demonstrate sufficient cooperation during the data collection process.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Izmir Democracy University
Cordaleo, İzmir, 35570
Kadir Songür, +905054529231, kadir.93@gmail.com
About this study
Official title: Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Evaluation of the Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Revised Bath CRPS Body Perception Disturbance Scale
This study aims to perform the cross-cultural adaptation of the Revised Bath Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Body Perception Disturbance Scale (r-B-CRPS-BPDS) into Turkish and to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version in adults with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS). Adult participants diagnosed with CRPS according to the Budapest clinical diagnostic criteria will be included. Participants will complete the Turkish r-B-CRPS-BPDS together with measures of kinesiophobia, health-related quality of life, and pain intensity. CRPS clinical severity will also be assessed. Construct validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, measurement error, and floor and ceiling effects of the Turkish r-B-CRPS-BPDS will be evaluated. For test-retest reliability, clinically stable participants will complete the r-B-CRPS-BPDS again after 7-10 days. The study is intended to provide a culturally adapted, valid, and reliable Turkish version of the r-B-CRPS-BPDS for assessing body perception disturbance in individuals with CRPS.
- Conditions
- Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)
- Keywords
- complex regional pain syndrome, body image, psychometrics, validation study
- Medical subject headings
- Complex Regional Pain Syndromes
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Group 1 | complex regional pain syndrome |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Construct Validity of the Turkish Revised Bath Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Body Perception Disturbance Scale
The construct validity of the Turkish version of the Revised Bath Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Body Perception Disturbance Scale (r-B-CRPS-BPDS) will be evaluated in adults with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. The r-B-CRPS-BPDS assesses disturbances in body perception related to the affected limb, including feelings of ownership, awareness of limb position, emotional feelings toward the limb, perceived differences in size, temperature, pressure, and weight, desire for amputation, and mental representation of the affected limb. The total score ranges from 0 to 47, with higher scores indicating greater body perception disturbance. Construct validity will primarily be examined by assessing the association between the r-B-CRPS-BPDS total score and the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia total score. Associations with pain intensity, health-related quality of life, and clinical CRPS severity will also be examined.
Measured: Day 1
Internal Consistency of the Turkish r-B-CRPS-BPDS
The internal consistency of the Turkish r-B-CRPS-BPDS will be evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and corrected item-total correlations. The analysis will determine the degree to which the items of the Turkish version consistently assess the construct of body perception disturbance in individuals with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome.
Measured: Day 1
Test-Retest Reliability of the Turkish r-B-CRPS-BPDS
Test-retest reliability will be evaluated in clinically stable participants by administering the Turkish r-B-CRPS-BPDS twice, with an interval of 7-10 days. Reliability will be assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), based on a two-way random-effects model, single measurement, and absolute agreement [ICC(2,1)]. Measurement error will additionally be evaluated using the standard error of measurement (SEM) and smallest detectable change (SDC).
Measured: Baseline and 7-10 days after baseline
Secondary outcomes (4)
Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia
The Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) is a 17-item self-report questionnaire used to assess fear of movement and reinjury. Each item is rated on a 4-point Likert scale. Higher total scores indicate greater levels of kinesiophobia. The Turkish version of the scale has demonstrated validity and reliability. The TSK total score will be used primarily to examine the construct validity of the Turkish r-B-CRPS-BPDS.
Measured: Day 1
EQ-5D-5L
The EQ-5D-5L will be used to assess health-related quality of life. It evaluates five dimensions of health: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression, with five response levels for each dimension. Participants will also rate their current overall health using the EQ Visual Analogue Scale (EQ VAS), ranging from 0 to 100, with higher scores representing better self-rated health. EQ-5D-5L outcomes will be examined in relation to body perception disturbance.
Measured: Day 1
Numeric Rating Scale for Pain
Pain intensity will be assessed using an 11-point Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) ranging from 0 to 10. A score of 0 represents no pain, whereas a score of 10 represents the worst imaginable pain. Higher scores indicate greater pain intensity. The NRS score will be examined in relation to the r-B-CRPS-BPDS total score.
Measured: Day 1
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Severity Score
Clinical severity of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome will be assessed using the Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Severity Score (CSS). The 17-item score incorporates patient-reported symptoms and signs identified during clinical examination across sensory, vasomotor, sudomotor/edema, motor, and trophic domains. Each item is scored as absent or present, producing a total score ranging from 0 to 17. Higher scores indicate greater clinical severity of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome.
Measured: Day 1
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted5 Oct 2026
- Study start15 Nov 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion15 Oct 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion15 Nov 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)Studies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Case only
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Enrolment
- 42 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Izmir Democracy University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Kadir Songur, Izmir Democracy University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07858812
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2026/27
- Status last verified
- Sep 2026
- First submitted
- 29 Sep 2026
- Last updated
- 6 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Individual participant data (IPD) will not be shared because the data contain potentially identifiable sensitive clinical information, and sharing was not covered in the original informed consent provided to participants. Additionally, institutional and national data protection regulations limit the transfer of raw, de-identified individual-level data outside the research team.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 6 Oct 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Evaluation of the Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Revised Bath CRPS Body Perception Disturbance Scale
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07858812
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2026/27
- Conditions
- Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)
- Keywords
- complex regional pain syndrome, body image, psychometrics, validation study
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Not yet recruiting
- Enrolment
- 42 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Izmir Democracy UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 15 Nov 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 15 Oct 2027 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 15 Nov 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 5 Oct 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study aims to perform the cross-cultural adaptation of the Revised Bath Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Body Perception Disturbance Scale (r-B-CRPS-BPDS) into Turkish and to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version in adults with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS). Adult participants diagnosed with CRPS according to the Budapest clinical diagnostic criteria will be included. Participants will complete the Turkish r-B-CRPS-BPDS together with measures of kinesiophobia, health-related quality of life, and pain intensity. CRPS clinical severity will also be assessed. Construct validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, measurement error, and floor and ceiling effects of the Turkish r-B-CRPS-BPDS will be evaluated. For test-retest reliability, clinically stable participants will complete the r-B-CRPS-BPDS again after 7-10 days. The study is intended to provide a culturally adapted, valid, and reliable Turkish version of the r-B-CRPS-BPDS for assessing body perception disturbance in individuals with CRPS.
Study design
- Observational model
- Case only
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Group 1 | – | –complex regional pain syndrome |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- This study will include patients aged 18 years and older who have been diagnosed with complex regional pain syndrome based on Budapest clinical diagnosis criteria and who have applied to the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Outpatient Clinic at İzmir Democracy University Buca Seyfi Demirsoy Education and Research Hospital.
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Meet the criteria for a diagnosis of CRPS based on the Budapest clinical diagnostic criteria following clinical evaluation
- Have complex regional pain syndrome affecting the upper or lower extremity
- Be able to provide written informed consent to participate in the study
- Have the cognitive ability to understand the forms and scales in Turkish
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- The presence of cognitive impairment or communication difficulties severe enough to prevent understanding of the scales or providing reliable responses
- The presence of a central neurological disorder that could significantly affect body perception, somatosensory function, or limb function (e.g., stroke, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury)
- The presence of a serious additional neurological or musculoskeletal disorder in the evaluated extremity, other than CRPS, that could significantly affect body perception and function
- The presence of a severe psychiatric disorder severe enough to prevent reliable clinical evaluation and administration of the scales
- Inability to complete the scales or demonstrate sufficient cooperation during the data collection process.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Primary outcome
Construct Validity of the Turkish Revised Bath Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Body Perception Disturbance Scale
Time frame: Day 1
The construct validity of the Turkish version of the Revised Bath Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Body Perception Disturbance Scale (r-B-CRPS-BPDS) will be evaluated in adults with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. The r-B-CRPS-BPDS assesses disturbances in body perception related to the affected limb, including feelings of ownership, awareness of limb position, emotional feelings toward the limb, perceived differences in size, temperature, pressure, and weight, desire for amputation, and mental representation of the affected limb. The total score ranges from 0 to 47, with higher scores indicating greater body perception disturbance. Construct validity will primarily be examined by assessing the association between the r-B-CRPS-BPDS total score and the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia total score. Associations with pain intensity, health-related quality of life, and clinical CRPS severity will also be examined.
Internal Consistency of the Turkish r-B-CRPS-BPDS
Time frame: Day 1
The internal consistency of the Turkish r-B-CRPS-BPDS will be evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and corrected item-total correlations. The analysis will determine the degree to which the items of the Turkish version consistently assess the construct of body perception disturbance in individuals with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome.
Test-Retest Reliability of the Turkish r-B-CRPS-BPDS
Time frame: Baseline and 7-10 days after baseline
Test-retest reliability will be evaluated in clinically stable participants by administering the Turkish r-B-CRPS-BPDS twice, with an interval of 7-10 days. Reliability will be assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), based on a two-way random-effects model, single measurement, and absolute agreement [ICC(2,1)]. Measurement error will additionally be evaluated using the standard error of measurement (SEM) and smallest detectable change (SDC).
4 secondary outcomes
Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia
Time frame: Day 1
EQ-5D-5L
Time frame: Day 1
Numeric Rating Scale for Pain
Time frame: Day 1
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Severity Score
Time frame: Day 1
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 6 Oct 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Individual participant data (IPD) will not be shared because the data contain potentially identifiable sensitive clinical information, and sharing was not covered in the original informed consent provided to participants. Additionally, institutional and national data protection regulations limit the transfer of raw, de-identified individual-level data outside the research team.
Related trials for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)
Enrolling by invitationPhase 4
Low Dose Naltrexone Therapy for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, Chronic Pain
RecruitingPhase 3
Evaluation of IV AMBTX-01 (Neridronate) for Treatment of CRPS Type 1 (CRPS-RISE)
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I
Recruiting
The Effectiveness of Conservative Treatment in Patients With Complex Regional Pain Syndrome.
CRPS (Complex Regional Pain Syndromes)
RecruitingPhase 3
Phase 3, Open-Label Extension Study of AMBTX-01 (Neridronate) for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I
Active, not recruiting
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Chronic Neuropathic Pain
Chronic Neuropathic Pain, Post-Stroke Pain
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS), run by Izmir Democracy University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: opening soon, as of the sponsor's last update on 6 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Kadir Songür, Assoc. Prof. (+905054529231, kadir.93@gmail.com), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Construct Validity of the Turkish Revised Bath Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Body Perception Disturbance Scale (time frame: Day 1). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 6 Oct 2026.