Athletic PerformanceNCT07862192
Individualized Physical Conditioning Based on Heart Rate Variability and Workload Monitoring in Table Tennis Players
A study testing Individualized conditioning program and Standardized conditioning program in people with Athletic Performance, run by The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice at 1 site in Poland.
Trial summary
This study compares two 12-week conditioning programs in 48 competitive table tennis players. Players were randomly assigned to an experimental group or a control group. The experimental group followed an individualized conditioning program in which training intensity, volume, and content were adjusted weekly… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Any ageHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Athletic Performance
- What is being tested?
- Individualized conditioning program and Standardized conditioning program
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 48 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePoland
- Study dates
- 2 Jun 2025to 20 May 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages Any age
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Minimum of 6 years of systematic, organized table tennis training
- Minimum weekly training volume of 10 hours per week at the time of recruitment
- Active competitive status, confirmed by current ranking points in the national federation system (minimum 1,000 ranking points)
- No musculoskeletal injury or illness in the three months preceding the study
- No participation in any additional structured neuromuscular or perceptual motor training program during the study period
Who cannot join
- Current or recent (<3 months) injury affecting lower limb function
- Use of performance altering pharmacological agents
- Failure to complete at least 85% of prescribed training sessions
- The study enrolled both junior and senior competitive players (observed age range 16.5-30.6 years); no additional age limits were applied. Participants were licensed members of sports clubs active in the national ranking system. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants, with additional parental or guardian consent for participants under 18 years of age.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Individualized Physical Conditioning Based on Training Monitoring in Table Tennis Players: Effects on Neuromuscular, Sensorimotor, and Competitive Performance Indicators in a 12-Week Controlled Trial
This study compares two 12-week conditioning programs in 48 competitive table tennis players. Players were randomly assigned to an experimental group or a control group. The experimental group followed an individualized conditioning program in which training intensity, volume, and content were adjusted weekly according to each athlete's morning heart-rate variability (HRV, 5-minute supine rMSSD) and acute:chronic workload ratio (ACWR) computed from session-RPE training load. On days when HRV fell more than one standard deviation below the athlete's rolling 7-day average, high-intensity components were replaced with low-intensity work. The control group followed a standardized conditioning program matched for session frequency (three integrated sessions per week for 12 weeks, no individualized monitoring feedback). The program progressed through eight phases (foundation, accumulation, deload, intensification, transition, taper I-II, peak/post-test). Both groups were assessed before and after the intervention on 24 measures of neuromuscular performance (jump height, reactive strength index, rate of force development, force asymmetry, EMG onset latency and peak amplitude), sensorimotor performance (simple and saccadic reaction time, movement time, balance), cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max, heart-rate recovery, blood lactate), and competitive match performance (win rate, stroke accuracy, placement accuracy, rally efficiency, ball speed, national ranking points). The primary outcome is simple reaction time. The study tests whether readiness-guided individualization improves performance more than standardized conditioning. The study protocol, dataset, and analysis code are openly available in the Zenodo repository (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21343993).
- Conditions
- Athletic Performance
- Being tested
- Individualized conditioning program, Standardized conditioning program
- Keywords
- table tennis, heart rate variability, individualized training, reaction time, post-activation potentiation, athlete monitoring
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Individualized conditioning programBehavioural
Twelve week progressive conditioning intervention in which training intensity, volume, and content were adjusted weekly according to each athlete's morning heart rate variability (5 minute supine rMSSD) and acute: chronic workload ratio (ACWR) computed from session RPE training load. Components included reactive strength and plyometric training, post-activation potentiation protocols (back squat at 80-87% 1RM followed by countermovement jumps), lateral change of direction drills with progressive cognitive loading (verbal, visual, and ball feed stimuli), and perceptual motor circuits. On days when HRV fell more than one standard deviation below the rolling 7 day average, high intensity components were replaced with low intensity footwork or mobility work. Delivered as three integrated sessions per week (30-100 minutes, group mean 69 minutes).
Standardized conditioning programBehavioural
Standard table tennis training consistent with the athletes' pre study routine, delivered as three sessions per week (approximately 80-85 minutes each), incorporating multi ball technical drills, match play, and general fitness conditioning (aerobic endurance and strength endurance circuits). No individualized load monitoring feedback was provided, no reactive, post-activation potentiation, or perceptual decision protocols were prescribed, and no systematic phase based overload or taper structure was applied. Content remained uniform across all 12 weeks, matched to the experimental group in session frequency.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| HRV-/ACWR-Guided Individualized Conditioning | Experimental | A 12 week progressive conditioning program in eight phases (foundation, accumulation, deload, intensification, transition, taper I-II, peak), delivered as three integrated sessions per week (30-100 min, mean 69 min), combining reactive strength and plyometrics, post-activation potentiation protocols (back squat 80-87% 1RM followed by countermovement jumps), lateral change of direction drills with progressive cognitive loading, and perceptual motor circuits. Load was individualized weekly using acute:chronic workload ratio targets per phase; morning heart rate variability (5 min supine rMSSD) modulated daily intensity, with high intensity work replaced by low intensity work when HRV fell more than 1 SD below the rolling 7 day average. Wellness was recorded daily with a 5 item questionnaire. Receives: Behavioral: Individualized conditioning program |
| Control: Standardized Conditioning | Active comparator | Standard table tennis training consistent with the athletes' pre-study routine: three sessions per week (approximately 80-85 min each), including multi ball technical drills, match play, and general fitness conditioning (aerobic and strength endurance circuits). No individualized load monitoring feedback, no reactive, post-activation potentiation, or perceptual decision protocols, and no phased overload taper structure; content remained uniform across all 12 weeks, matched to the experimental group for session frequency. Receives: Behavioral: Standardized conditioning program |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Simple Reaction Time
Simple reaction time in milliseconds, measured with a validated computerized reaction time device (stimulus to response latency). Reported as the change from baseline to week 12; a decrease denotes improvement.
Measured: Baseline (Pre) and week 12 (Post)
Secondary outcomes (23)
Saccadic Reaction Time
Saccadic reaction time in milliseconds, assessed with a standardized oculomotor task requiring rapid gaze shifts toward a peripheral visual target. Change from baseline to week 12; a decrease denotes improvement
Measured: Baseline (Pre) and week 12 (Post)
Lateral Movement Time
Lateral movement time in milliseconds derived from force-plate recordings. Change from baseline to week 12; a decrease denotes improvement.
Measured: Baseline (Pre) and week 12 (Post)
Time to Stabilization
Postural stability quantified as the time to stabilization score in milliseconds from force-plate recordings. Change from baseline to week 12; a decrease denotes improvement.
Measured: Baseline (Pre) and week 12 (Post)
Y-Balance Test Composite Score
Dynamic postural control evaluated with the Y-Balance Test, composite score as percent of limb length. Change from baseline to week 12; an increase denotes improvement.
Measured: Baseline (Pre) and week 12 (Post)
CMJ Potentiation Percentage
Countermovement-jump potentiation percentage quantifying the acute post-activation potentiation response. Change from baseline to week 12.
Measured: Baseline (Pre) and week 12 (Post)
PAP Response Score
Post-activation potentiation response score derived from heavy back squat (80-87% 1RM) followed by countermovement jumps. Change from baseline to week 12.
Measured: Baseline (Pre) and week 12 (Post)
Neuromuscular Readiness Index
Composite index derived from heart rate variability, wellness questionnaire, and session RPE values. Change from baseline to week 12.
Measured: Baseline (Pre) and week 12 (Post)
EMG Onset Latency
Electromyographic onset latency in milliseconds during lateral change of direction tasks, surface EMG over the vastus lateralis per SENIAM guidelines. Change from baseline to week 12; a decrease denotes improvement.
Measured: Baseline (Pre) and week 12 (Post)
Quadriceps EMG Peak Amplitude
Peak EMG amplitude of the quadriceps in microvolts during lateral change of direction tasks. Change from baseline to week 12
Measured: Baseline (Pre) and week 12 (Post)
Lateral Countermovement Jump Height
Lateral countermovement jump height in centimeters on a calibrated force plate. Change from baseline to week 12
Measured: Baseline (Pre) and week 12 (Post)
Single-Leg Countermovement Jump Height (Right Limb)
Single-leg countermovement jump height of the right limb in centimeters on a calibrated force plate. Change from baseline to week 12.
Measured: Baseline (Pre) and week 12 (Post)
Reactive Strength Index (Drop Jump)
Reactive Strength Index derived from drop jump performance (flight time divided by contact time). Change from baseline to week 12.
Measured: Baseline (Pre) and week 12 (Post)
Lateral Rate of Force Development
Rate of force development in the lateral plane in n/s from bilateral force plate recordings. Change from baseline to week 12
Measured: Baseline (Pre) and week 12 (Post)
Lower Limb Force Asymmetry Index
Lower limb force asymmetry index in percent from bilateral force plate recordings. Change from baseline to week 12; a decrease denotes improvement.
Measured: Baseline (Pre) and week 12 (Post)
Heart Rate Recovery at 1 Minute
Heart rate in bpm recorded 1 minute after a standardized maximal shuttle effort; a lower value denotes faster parasympathetic reactivation. Change from baseline to week 12; a decrease denotes improvement
Measured: Baseline (Pre) and week 12 (Post)
Maximal Oxygen Uptake (VO2max)
Maximal oxygen uptake in ml/kg/min, incremental treadmill test to volitional exhaustion with breath by breath gas analysis. Change from baseline to week 12.
Measured: Baseline (Pre) and week 12 (Post)
Post-Drill Blood Lactate Concentration
Capillary blood lactate in mmol/L from the fingertip 5 minutes after a standardized high intensity technical drill sequence. Change from baseline to week 12.
Measured: Baseline (Pre) and week 12 (Post)
Match Win Rate
Percentage of matches won, calculated from official competitive match results recorded during the 12 week period. Time Frame: Baseline (Pre) and week 12 (Post), from official competition records.
Measured: Baseline (Pre) and week 12 (Post)
Stroke Accuracy
Stroke accuracy in percent, measured with a standardized multi ball target drill (30 trials). Change from baseline to week 12.
Measured: Baseline (Pre) and week 12 (Post)
Backhand Placement Accuracy
Placement accuracy on the backhand in percent, determined with a 6-zone target protocol. Change from baseline to week 12.
Measured: Baseline (Pre) and week 12 (Post)
Rally Efficiency Index
- Ratio of winning rallies to total rallies during match simulation. Change from baseline to week 12.
Measured: Baseline (Pre) and week 12 (Post)
Ball Speed
Ball speed in km/h, assessed with a calibrated radar gun during a standardized serve and forehand topspin sequence (5 repetitions). Change from baseline to week 12.
Measured: Baseline (Pre) and week 12 (Post)
National Ranking Points
National ranking points recorded from the official database of the Polish Table Tennis Federation (PZTS). Time Frame: Baseline (Pre) and week 12 (Post), from the official PZTS database
Measured: Baseline (Pre) and week 12 (Post)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted7 Oct 2026
- Study start2 Jun 2025
- Primary completion23 Dec 2025
- Study completion20 May 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Athletic PerformanceStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 48 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Kinga Łosińska, dr, Principal investigator, Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Poland
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07862192
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- KB/06/2025
- Other IDs
- Zenodo
- Status last verified
- Oct 2026
- First submitted
- 1 Oct 2026
- Last updated
- 7 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: Deidentified individual participant data for all 24 primary and secondary outcome measures at baseline and week 12, weekly monitoring data (576 athlete weeks), and session level training data (1,728 logged sessions), together with the study protocol, data dictionary, and complete statistical analysis code.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 7 Oct 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Individualized Physical Conditioning Based on Training Monitoring in Table Tennis Players: Effects on Neuromuscular, Sensorimotor, and Competitive Performance Indicators in a 12-Week Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07862192
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- KB/06/2025
- Conditions
- Athletic Performance
- Keywords
- table tennis, heart rate variability, individualized training, reaction time, post-activation potentiation, athlete monitoring
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 48 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in KatowiceUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 2 Jun 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 23 Dec 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 20 May 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 7 Oct 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study compares two 12-week conditioning programs in 48 competitive table tennis players. Players were randomly assigned to an experimental group or a control group. The experimental group followed an individualized conditioning program in which training intensity, volume, and content were adjusted weekly according to each athlete's morning heart-rate variability (HRV, 5-minute supine rMSSD) and acute:chronic workload ratio (ACWR) computed from session-RPE training load. On days when HRV fell more than one standard deviation below the athlete's rolling 7-day average, high-intensity components were replaced with low-intensity work. The control group followed a standardized conditioning program matched for session frequency (three integrated sessions per week for 12 weeks, no individualized monitoring feedback). The program progressed through eight phases (foundation, accumulation, deload, intensification, transition, taper I-II, peak/post-test). Both groups were assessed before and after the intervention on 24 measures of neuromuscular performance (jump height, reactive strength index, rate of force development, force asymmetry, EMG onset latency and peak amplitude), sensorimotor performance (simple and saccadic reaction time, movement time, balance), cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max, heart-rate recovery, blood lactate), and competitive match performance (win rate, stroke accuracy, placement accuracy, rally efficiency, ball speed, national ranking points). The primary outcome is simple reaction time. The study tests whether readiness-guided individualization improves performance more than standardized conditioning. The study protocol, dataset, and analysis code are openly available in the Zenodo repository (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21343993).
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| HRV-/ACWR-Guided Individualized Conditioning | Experimental | Behavioral: Individualized conditioning programA 12 week progressive conditioning program in eight phases (foundation, accumulation, deload, intensification, transition, taper I-II, peak), delivered as three integrated sessions per week (30-100 min, mean 69 min), combining reactive strength and plyometrics, post-activation potentiation protocols (back squat 80-87% 1RM followed by countermovement jumps), lateral change of direction drills with progressive cognitive loading, and perceptual motor circuits. Load was individualized weekly using acute:chronic workload ratio targets per phase; morning heart rate variability (5 min supine rMSSD) modulated daily intensity, with high intensity work replaced by low intensity work when HRV fell more than 1 SD below the rolling 7 day average. Wellness was recorded daily with a 5 item questionnaire. |
| Control: Standardized Conditioning | Active comparator | Behavioral: Standardized conditioning programStandard table tennis training consistent with the athletes' pre-study routine: three sessions per week (approximately 80-85 min each), including multi ball technical drills, match play, and general fitness conditioning (aerobic and strength endurance circuits). No individualized load monitoring feedback, no reactive, post-activation potentiation, or perceptual decision protocols, and no phased overload taper structure; content remained uniform across all 12 weeks, matched to the experimental group for session frequency. |
Who may qualify
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Minimum of 6 years of systematic, organized table tennis training
- Minimum weekly training volume of 10 hours per week at the time of recruitment
- Active competitive status, confirmed by current ranking points in the national federation system (minimum 1,000 ranking points)
- No musculoskeletal injury or illness in the three months preceding the study
- No participation in any additional structured neuromuscular or perceptual motor training program during the study period
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Current or recent (<3 months) injury affecting lower limb function
- Use of performance altering pharmacological agents
- Failure to complete at least 85% of prescribed training sessions
- The study enrolled both junior and senior competitive players (observed age range 16.5-30.6 years); no additional age limits were applied. Participants were licensed members of sports clubs active in the national ranking system. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants, with additional parental or guardian consent for participants under 18 years of age.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Individualized conditioning programTwelve week progressive conditioning intervention in which training intensity, volume, and content were adjusted weekly according to each athlete's morning heart rate variability (5 minute supine rMSSD) and acute: chronic workload ratio (ACWR) computed from session RPE training load. Components included reactive strength and plyometric training, post-activation potentiation protocols (back squat at 80-87% 1RM followed by countermovement jumps), lateral change of direction drills with progressive cognitive loading (verbal, visual, and ball feed stimuli), and perceptual motor circuits. On days when HRV fell more than one standard deviation below the rolling 7 day average, high intensity components were replaced with low intensity footwork or mobility work. Delivered as three integrated sessions per week (30-100 minutes, group mean 69 minutes). | Behavioural | HRV-/ACWR-Guided Individualized Conditioning |
| Standardized conditioning programStandard table tennis training consistent with the athletes' pre study routine, delivered as three sessions per week (approximately 80-85 minutes each), incorporating multi ball technical drills, match play, and general fitness conditioning (aerobic endurance and strength endurance circuits). No individualized load monitoring feedback was provided, no reactive, post-activation potentiation, or perceptual decision protocols were prescribed, and no systematic phase based overload or taper structure was applied. Content remained uniform across all 12 weeks, matched to the experimental group in session frequency. | Behavioural | Control: Standardized Conditioning |
Primary outcome
Simple Reaction Time
Time frame: Baseline (Pre) and week 12 (Post)
Simple reaction time in milliseconds, measured with a validated computerized reaction time device (stimulus to response latency). Reported as the change from baseline to week 12; a decrease denotes improvement.
23 secondary outcomes
Saccadic Reaction Time
Time frame: Baseline (Pre) and week 12 (Post)
Lateral Movement Time
Time frame: Baseline (Pre) and week 12 (Post)
Time to Stabilization
Time frame: Baseline (Pre) and week 12 (Post)
Y-Balance Test Composite Score
Time frame: Baseline (Pre) and week 12 (Post)
CMJ Potentiation Percentage
Time frame: Baseline (Pre) and week 12 (Post)
PAP Response Score
Time frame: Baseline (Pre) and week 12 (Post)
Neuromuscular Readiness Index
Time frame: Baseline (Pre) and week 12 (Post)
EMG Onset Latency
Time frame: Baseline (Pre) and week 12 (Post)
Quadriceps EMG Peak Amplitude
Time frame: Baseline (Pre) and week 12 (Post)
Lateral Countermovement Jump Height
Time frame: Baseline (Pre) and week 12 (Post)
Single-Leg Countermovement Jump Height (Right Limb)
Time frame: Baseline (Pre) and week 12 (Post)
Reactive Strength Index (Drop Jump)
Time frame: Baseline (Pre) and week 12 (Post)
Lateral Rate of Force Development
Time frame: Baseline (Pre) and week 12 (Post)
Lower Limb Force Asymmetry Index
Time frame: Baseline (Pre) and week 12 (Post)
Heart Rate Recovery at 1 Minute
Time frame: Baseline (Pre) and week 12 (Post)
Maximal Oxygen Uptake (VO2max)
Time frame: Baseline (Pre) and week 12 (Post)
Post-Drill Blood Lactate Concentration
Time frame: Baseline (Pre) and week 12 (Post)
Match Win Rate
Time frame: Baseline (Pre) and week 12 (Post)
Stroke Accuracy
Time frame: Baseline (Pre) and week 12 (Post)
Backhand Placement Accuracy
Time frame: Baseline (Pre) and week 12 (Post)
Rally Efficiency Index
Time frame: Baseline (Pre) and week 12 (Post)
Ball Speed
Time frame: Baseline (Pre) and week 12 (Post)
National Ranking Points
Time frame: Baseline (Pre) and week 12 (Post)
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 7 Oct 2026.
- Study protocol, dataset, and analysis code (Zenodo repository)Link provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. Deidentified individual participant data for all 24 primary and secondary outcome measures at baseline and week 12, weekly monitoring data (576 athlete weeks), and session level training data (1,728 logged sessions), together with the study protocol, data dictionary, and complete statistical analysis code.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Kinga Łosińska, dr principal investigator
Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Poland
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Individualized conditioning program and Standardized conditioning program in people with Athletic Performance, run by The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice at 1 site in Poland.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 7 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Poland. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Simple Reaction Time (time frame: Baseline (Pre) and week 12 (Post)). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 7 Oct 2026.