Nursing Education ResearchHMD-VRNCT07881978
HMD-Based Virtual Reality Simulation in Nursing Skills Education
A study testing Intervention 1 - Experimental Intervention in people with Nursing Education Research and Nursing Education, run by Giresun University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Objective: This study aims to investigate the effects of head-mounted display (HMD)-based interactive virtual reality simulation, an innovative educational technology in nursing education, on nursing students' skill performance, anxiety levels, satisfaction, and self-confidence during ice pack application. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Nursing Education Research, Nursing Education, Nursing Students
- What is being tested?
- Intervention 1 - Experimental Intervention
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 90 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 2 Nov 2026to 15 Sep 2027
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Being 18 years of age or older.
- Being a first-year undergraduate nursing student enrolled in the Fundamentals and Concepts of Nursing course.
- Having no previous theoretical or practical training or experience in ice pack application.
- Voluntarily agreeing to participate in the study and providing written informed consent.
- Being willing to participate in the standardized theoretical education, demonstration, and assigned practical training sessions.
Who cannot join
- Being younger than 18 years of age.
- Having previously received theoretical or practical training in ice pack application.
- Declining to participate in the study or refusing to provide written informed consent.
- Not attending the standardized theoretical education or demonstration required before the intervention.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Giresun University Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Fundamental of Nursing, Giresun, Turkey.
Giresun, Piraziz, 28340
Asuman Çobanoğlu, PhD, +9004543613788, asuman.cobanoglu@giresun.edu.tr
Tarık İçten, PhD
About this study
Official title: The Effect of Head-Mounted Display-Based Interactive Virtual Reality Simulation on Nursing Skill Acquisition: A Multi-Parameter Assessment of Ice Pack Application
Objective: This study aims to investigate the effects of head-mounted display (HMD)-based interactive virtual reality simulation, an innovative educational technology in nursing education, on nursing students' skill performance, anxiety levels, satisfaction, and self-confidence during ice pack application.
Methods: This study is designed as a randomized controlled trial. The study population will consist of undergraduate nursing students enrolled at a public university in northeastern Türkiye during the 2026-2027 academic year. Based on a statistical power analysis, a total of 90 nursing students will be recruited and randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n = 45) or the control group (n = 45). Students in the experimental group will perform ice pack application using an HMD-based interactive virtual reality simulation, whereas students in the control group will perform the same procedure using a low-fidelity training mannequin. Data will be collected using the Student Information Form, Ice Pack Application Skills Checklist, Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning Scale (SCLS), and Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Statistical analyses will be performed using SPSS version 25.0. Ethical approval (15.04.2026/07) institutional permission have been obtained. Both verbal and written informed consent will be obtained from all participants before their inclusion in the study.
Read the detailed description
This study is designed to evaluate the effectiveness of head-mounted display (HMD)-based interactive virtual reality (VR) simulation in teaching ice pack application skills to undergraduate nursing students. The study aims to investigate whether immersive VR-based training provides educational benefits compared with conventional mannequin-based practical training.
The study will employ a prospective, two-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled design. Participants will be randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to either an HMD-based interactive VR simulation group or a conventional low-fidelity mannequin-based training group.
All participants will receive standardized theoretical instruction and an instructor-led demonstration of ice pack application before practical training. Students in the experimental group will individually practice the procedure using an interactive HMD-based VR simulation, which provides a virtual patient environment and allows active participation through hand-tracking technology. Students in the control group will practice the same procedure using a low-fidelity mannequin under standardized laboratory conditions. Both groups will receive equivalent practical training durations.
Following the educational interventions, participants in both groups will undergo a standardized practical skill assessment using the same mannequin-based evaluation procedure. The study will also examine students' anxiety, learning satisfaction, and self-confidence in relation to the educational approaches.
By comparing immersive VR simulation with conventional mannequin-based training, this study seeks to provide evidence regarding the educational value of interactive VR technologies in undergraduate nursing skills education.
- Conditions
- Nursing Education Research, Nursing Education, Nursing Students, Virtual Reality (VR) Technology
- Being tested
- Intervention 1 - Experimental Intervention, Intervention 2 - Control Intervention
- Keywords
- nursing education, nursing student, virtual reality technology, simulation
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Intervention 1 - Experimental InterventionOther
An interactive educational intervention delivered through a head-mounted display-based virtual reality simulation designed to teach ice pack application skills. Participants will perform the procedure individually for 10 minutes in an immersive virtual environment. The system provides real-time hand movement tracking, interactive procedural guidance, and immediate feedback during the simulation.
Intervention 2 - Control InterventionOther
A conventional simulation-based educational intervention using a low-fidelity training mannequin to teach ice pack application skills. Participants will independently perform the procedure on the mannequin for 10 minutes, following the same standardized procedural steps taught to the experimental group.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| HMD-Based Interactive Virtual Reality Training | Experimental | Participants assigned to the experimental group (n=45) will receive practical training in ice pack application using an HMD-based interactive virtual reality simulation. Following standardized theoretical education and demonstration, each participant will complete a 10-minute individual VR simulation session. The system enables interaction with a virtual patient, real-time hand movement recognition, step-by-step procedural guidance, and immediate feedback. Following the intervention, skill performance will be assessed using a standardized low-fidelity training mannequin. Receives: Other: Intervention 1 - Experimental Intervention |
| Low-Fidelity Mannequin-Based Training | Active comparator | Participants assigned to the control group (n=45) will receive conventional practical training in ice pack application using a low-fidelity training mannequin. Following the same standardized theoretical education and demonstration provided to the experimental group, each participant will complete a 10-minute individual practical training session. Following the intervention, skill performance will be assessed using the same standardized low-fidelity training mannequin and assessment criteria used for the experimental group. Receives: Other: Intervention 2 - Control Intervention |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Ice Pack Application Skill Performance Score
Nursing students' ice pack application skills will be assessed using the 45-item Ice Pack Application Skills Checklist developed by the researchers based on the relevant nursing literature and reviewed by three experts in Fundamentals of Nursing. Each correctly performed procedural step will be scored as 1, while incorrectly performed or omitted steps will be scored as 0. Total scores range from 0 to 45, with higher scores indicating better skill performance. Participants in both groups will be evaluated using the same low-fidelity training mannequin under standardized laboratory conditions following the educational intervention.
Measured: Immediately after the intervention, during the standardized skill performance assessment.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted20 Oct 2026
- Study start2 Nov 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion31 Dec 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion15 Sep 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Nursing Education ResearchStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 90 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Giresun University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, AsumanCobanoglu, Giresun University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07881978
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- GU-NUR-HMDVR-ICE-2026-01
- Acronym
- HMD-VR
- Status last verified
- Oct 2026
- First submitted
- 11 Oct 2026
- Last updated
- 23 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Individual participant data (IPD) will not be publicly shared to protect participant confidentiality and privacy. The data will be used exclusively by the research team for the purposes of the present study, in accordance with the approved research protocol and ethical requirements.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 23 Oct 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Head-Mounted Display-Based Interactive Virtual Reality Simulation on Nursing Skill Acquisition: A Multi-Parameter Assessment of Ice Pack Application
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07881978
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- HMD-VR / GU-NUR-HMDVR-ICE-2026-01
- Conditions
- Nursing Education Research, Nursing Education, Nursing Students, Virtual Reality (VR) Technology
- Keywords
- nursing education, nursing student, virtual reality technology, simulation
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Not yet recruiting
- Enrolment
- 90 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Giresun UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 2 Nov 2026 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 31 Dec 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 15 Sep 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 20 Oct 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Objective: This study aims to investigate the effects of head-mounted display (HMD)-based interactive virtual reality simulation, an innovative educational technology in nursing education, on nursing students' skill performance, anxiety levels, satisfaction, and self-confidence during ice pack application.
Methods: This study is designed as a randomized controlled trial. The study population will consist of undergraduate nursing students enrolled at a public university in northeastern Türkiye during the 2026-2027 academic year. Based on a statistical power analysis, a total of 90 nursing students will be recruited and randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n = 45) or the control group (n = 45). Students in the experimental group will perform ice pack application using an HMD-based interactive virtual reality simulation, whereas students in the control group will perform the same procedure using a low-fidelity training mannequin. Data will be collected using the Student Information Form, Ice Pack Application Skills Checklist, Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning Scale (SCLS), and Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Statistical analyses will be performed using SPSS version 25.0. Ethical approval (15.04.2026/07) institutional permission have been obtained. Both verbal and written informed consent will be obtained from all participants before their inclusion in the study.
Detailed description
This study is designed to evaluate the effectiveness of head-mounted display (HMD)-based interactive virtual reality (VR) simulation in teaching ice pack application skills to undergraduate nursing students. The study aims to investigate whether immersive VR-based training provides educational benefits compared with conventional mannequin-based practical training.
The study will employ a prospective, two-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled design. Participants will be randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to either an HMD-based interactive VR simulation group or a conventional low-fidelity mannequin-based training group.
All participants will receive standardized theoretical instruction and an instructor-led demonstration of ice pack application before practical training. Students in the experimental group will individually practice the procedure using an interactive HMD-based VR simulation, which provides a virtual patient environment and allows active participation through hand-tracking technology. Students in the control group will practice the same procedure using a low-fidelity mannequin under standardized laboratory conditions. Both groups will receive equivalent practical training durations.
Following the educational interventions, participants in both groups will undergo a standardized practical skill assessment using the same mannequin-based evaluation procedure. The study will also examine students' anxiety, learning satisfaction, and self-confidence in relation to the educational approaches.
By comparing immersive VR simulation with conventional mannequin-based training, this study seeks to provide evidence regarding the educational value of interactive VR technologies in undergraduate nursing skills education.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| HMD-Based Interactive Virtual Reality Training | Experimental | Other: Intervention 1 - Experimental InterventionParticipants assigned to the experimental group (n=45) will receive practical training in ice pack application using an HMD-based interactive virtual reality simulation. Following standardized theoretical education and demonstration, each participant will complete a 10-minute individual VR simulation session. The system enables interaction with a virtual patient, real-time hand movement recognition, step-by-step procedural guidance, and immediate feedback. Following the intervention, skill performance will be assessed using a standardized low-fidelity training mannequin. |
| Low-Fidelity Mannequin-Based Training | Active comparator | Other: Intervention 2 - Control InterventionParticipants assigned to the control group (n=45) will receive conventional practical training in ice pack application using a low-fidelity training mannequin. Following the same standardized theoretical education and demonstration provided to the experimental group, each participant will complete a 10-minute individual practical training session. Following the intervention, skill performance will be assessed using the same standardized low-fidelity training mannequin and assessment criteria used for the experimental group. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Being 18 years of age or older.
- Being a first-year undergraduate nursing student enrolled in the Fundamentals and Concepts of Nursing course.
- Having no previous theoretical or practical training or experience in ice pack application.
- Voluntarily agreeing to participate in the study and providing written informed consent.
- Being willing to participate in the standardized theoretical education, demonstration, and assigned practical training sessions.
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Being younger than 18 years of age.
- Having previously received theoretical or practical training in ice pack application.
- Declining to participate in the study or refusing to provide written informed consent.
- Not attending the standardized theoretical education or demonstration required before the intervention.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Intervention 1 - Experimental InterventionAn interactive educational intervention delivered through a head-mounted display-based virtual reality simulation designed to teach ice pack application skills. Participants will perform the procedure individually for 10 minutes in an immersive virtual environment. The system provides real-time hand movement tracking, interactive procedural guidance, and immediate feedback during the simulation. | Other | HMD-Based Interactive Virtual Reality Training |
| Intervention 2 - Control InterventionA conventional simulation-based educational intervention using a low-fidelity training mannequin to teach ice pack application skills. Participants will independently perform the procedure on the mannequin for 10 minutes, following the same standardized procedural steps taught to the experimental group. | Other | Low-Fidelity Mannequin-Based Training |
Primary outcome
Ice Pack Application Skill Performance Score
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention, during the standardized skill performance assessment.
Nursing students' ice pack application skills will be assessed using the 45-item Ice Pack Application Skills Checklist developed by the researchers based on the relevant nursing literature and reviewed by three experts in Fundamentals of Nursing. Each correctly performed procedural step will be scored as 1, while incorrectly performed or omitted steps will be scored as 0. Total scores range from 0 to 45, with higher scores indicating better skill performance. Participants in both groups will be evaluated using the same low-fidelity training mannequin under standardized laboratory conditions following the educational intervention.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 23 Oct 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Individual participant data (IPD) will not be publicly shared to protect participant confidentiality and privacy. The data will be used exclusively by the research team for the purposes of the present study, in accordance with the approved research protocol and ethical requirements.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Intervention 1 - Experimental Intervention in people with Nursing Education Research and Nursing Education, run by Giresun University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: opening soon, as of the sponsor's last update on 23 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Asuman Çobanoğlu, PhD (+9004543613788, asuman.cobanoglu@giresun.edu.tr), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Ice Pack Application Skill Performance Score (time frame: Immediately after the intervention, during the standardized skill performance assessment.). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 23 Oct 2026.