A Descriptive Analysis of the Physiological and Behavioral Profiles of Elite Female Athletes

cm

kg

Survey aims to collect participant symptoms in and around a menstrual cycle (i.e. mood, energy, overall feeling, etc.)

mg/dL

ng/mL

mmol/L

mmol/L

mg/dL

Ratio of % to g/dL, deviation from a ratio of 3.0 is abnormal

ng/dL

ng/mL

ng/mL

lean soft tissue vs fat mass measured by either BodPod or DXA

After 15 minute rest interval, participants will lie on table and remain as still as possible while breathing into a mask. The mask will collect expired gas for ~15-30 minutes to give a measure or baseline energy requirements for day-to-day activity.

Incremental exercise test (on treadmill or cycle ergometer) in which exercise intensity is progressively increased until participant chooses to stop. Participant will be encouraged to go as long as possible. During the test, participants will continuously breathe into a mask while exhaled gas is collected and measured and used to display subjective substrate metabolism markers (carb vs fat burn)

Incremental exercise test in which exercise intensity is progressively increased until participants reach volitional fatigue. are no longer able to continue exercising. During the test, participants will continuously breathe into a mask while exhaled air is collected and measured to determine the maximal rate of oxygen used during exercise bout.

Collected every stage during a fuel profile/Vo2max test

participants will perform either a countermovement jump (CMJ) or an Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull (IMTP) as measure of power or strength output respectively. For CMJ, participants will stand with legs shoulder width apart on plates then will jump upward with max force to display power output. For IMTP, participants will stand with legs shoulder width apart on plates and will pull a stationary barbell upward as a measure of how much strength can be exerted on the bar. These maximal pulls will last 3-5 seconds.

Researchers will use a computer-controlled device to carry out flexion, extension, and rotation movements across the shoulder, elbow, hip, knee, and/or ankle joints to analyze muscle control, fatigue, and muscle strength. Participants will be asked to carry out contractions at a set pace, at maximal force, or as quickly as possible. Participants will be given 30 seconds rests between movement tests

Participants will attach neck to strength device and testing will take place in the plane of interest (flexion, extension, lateral flexion, retraction/protraction). No visible movement will occur. Participants will old steady against resistance in order to generate force.

Participants will used a computer-controlled handgrip device to analyze handgrip fatigue and grip strength. Participants will perform 3 maximal handgrip contractions with 30 seconds separating each contraction. Participants may also perform maximal handgrip contraction and be timed to determine how long it takes to reach 70% of maximal force. Finally, participants may perform a series of submaximal contractions, squeezing for 3 seconds then resting for 3 seconds.

Participants will stand in front of D2 and complete preset protocol to measure cognition and reaction time. Participants will be required to press buttons as they light up and recite numbers as they appear on a screen, and score is recorded.

Participants complete preset protocols to measure cognition and reaction time. Protocols vary from sport specific drills to testing hand-eye coordination, peripheral vision, reaction time, hand speed, etc

Measured via DXA scan

Documented changes in health and symptoms as a safety measurement