Coronary AngiographyNCT07892456
Breathing Meditation and VR Nature Videos in Angiography Patients: Effects on Anxiety, Comfort, and Physiology
A study testing Breathing Meditation Combined with Virtual Reality-Enhanced Nature Videos in people with Coronary Angiography and Virtual Reality, run by University of Yalova at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This study was designed to evaluate the effects of breathing meditation, accompanied by virtual reality (VR)-enhanced nature videos, on anxiety, comfort, pain, and physiological parameters in patients undergoing angiography. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 65 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Coronary Angiography, Virtual Reality, Meditation
- What is being tested?
- Breathing Meditation Combined with Virtual Reality-Enhanced Nature Videos
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 123 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Oct 2026to 1 Dec 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- • Be between the ages of 18 and 65,
- Be scheduled to undergo elective coronary angiography,
- Be alert and able to communicate,
- Have vision and hearing functions suitable for using the virtual reality application,
- Cognitive functions must be at a level sufficient to respond to assessment scales,
- Be able to read and understand Turkish and complete the research questionnaires,
- Volunteer to participate in the study and sign the written Informed Consent Form.
Who cannot join
- • Scheduled to undergo emergency coronary angiography,
- History of epilepsy,
- Vertigo or severe balance disorder,
- History of severe claustrophobia,
- Use of anxiolytics or sedatives within the past 24 hours,
- Severe vision or hearing loss that would prevent participation in the virtual reality application,
- Being in a clinical condition that would prevent completion of the application during the study, or wishing to terminate the application during the session due to reasons such as dizziness or nausea.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Aybuke Gündengüne
Istanbul, İ̇stanbul, 34959
Aybuke Gündengüne, 05546198105
NİRAN ÇOBAN, 05301586912, nirancoban@gmail.com
About this study
Official title: The Effect of Breathing Meditation Combined With Virtual Reality-Enhanced Nature Videos on Anxiety, Comfort, and Physiological Parameters in Angiography Patients
This study was designed to evaluate the effects of breathing meditation, accompanied by virtual reality (VR)-enhanced nature videos, on anxiety, comfort, pain, and physiological parameters in patients undergoing angiography. Prior to the procedure, pain levels in patients in both groups will be assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS); the State Anxiety Inventory and the General Comfort Scale will be administered; and physiological parameters will be recorded. Patients in the intervention group will be fitted with VR headsets 5 minutes before the start of the angiography procedure and will undergo breathing meditation accompanied by nature videos. Patients in the control group, on the other hand, will receive routine standard nursing care and will not undergo the VR intervention. During the procedure, pain levels and physiological parameters will be assessed in patients from both groups. Following the angiography, the VAS, State Anxiety Inventory, and General Comfort Scale will be re-administered in both groups, and physiological parameters will be recorded again. By comparing the data obtained from both groups at the same measurement points, the effect of VR-supported nature video-guided breathing meditation on patients' anxiety, comfort, pain, and physiological parameters will be determined.
Read the detailed description
Angiography is an invasive diagnostic and interventional procedure that may cause pain, anxiety, and physiological stress responses in patients. These experiences can negatively affect patient comfort and increase psychological distress during the procedure. Non-pharmacological interventions, including breathing meditation and virtual reality (VR)-based applications, may help reduce anxiety and pain while promoting relaxation and comfort. This study is designed as a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of breathing meditation combined with VR-enhanced nature videos on anxiety, comfort, pain, and physiological parameters in patients undergoing angiography.
The study will be conducted between October 2026 and December 2026 in the Coronary Angiography Unit of Koşuyolu High Specialization Training and Research Hospital in Istanbul, Türkiye. A total of 126 patients scheduled for angiography and meeting the inclusion criteria will be enrolled in the study. Patients will be randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n = 63) or the control group (n = 63). Patients in the intervention group will wear virtual reality (VR) goggles and watch nature videos while practicing breathing meditation, beginning 5 minutes before the angiography procedure. Patients in the control group will receive standard nursing care without VR or breathing meditation interventions.
Research data will be collected at the same assessment stages in both groups. Before the procedure, patients' pain levels will be assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), anxiety levels will be evaluated using the State Anxiety Inventory, and comfort levels will be measured using the General Comfort Questionnaire. Physiological parameters will also be recorded. During the procedure, pain levels and physiological parameters will be assessed. Following angiography, the VAS, State Anxiety Inventory, and General Comfort Questionnaire will be administered again, and physiological parameters will be recorded to evaluate changes following the intervention.
The findings of this study are expected to provide evidence regarding the potential effects of breathing meditation combined with VR-enhanced nature videos on anxiety, comfort, pain, and physiological parameters in patients undergoing angiography. If effective, this non-invasive and potentially easy-to-implement intervention may be considered a complementary nursing approach to support patient comfort and reduce anxiety during angiography procedures.
- Conditions
- Coronary Angiography, Virtual Reality, Meditation
- Being tested
- Breathing Meditation Combined with Virtual Reality-Enhanced Nature Videos
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Breathing Meditation Combined with Virtual Reality-Enhanced Nature VideosOther
Breathing meditation and nature video experience with a virtual reality headset
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Breathing Meditation Combined with VR-Enhanced Nature Videos | Experimental | Before coronary angiography During coronary angiography After coronary angiography Receives: Other: Breathing Meditation Combined with Virtual Reality-Enhanced Nature Videos |
| Standard care | No intervention | Before coronary angiography During coronary angiography After coronary angiography |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
The Effect of Breathing Meditation and VR-Enhanced Nature Videos on Anxiety
State Anxiety Inventory: The State Anxiety Inventory (STAI-I) will be used to assess patients' state anxiety before and after angiography. The inventory measures how individuals feel at a particular moment and consists of 20 items, each scored on a 4-point scale ranging from 1 to 4. Some items are reverse scored. Total scores range from 20 to 80, with higher scores indicating greater state anxiety. The inventory will be administered to patients before and after angiography to evaluate changes in anxiety levels following the intervention.
Measured: 2 month
The Effect of Breathing Meditation and VR-Enhanced Nature Videos on Pain
Visual Analog Scale (VAS): The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) is a commonly used unidimensional tool for assessing pain intensity. It consists of a 10-cm (100-mm) line ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst imaginable pain). In this study, the VAS will be used to assess patients' pain levels before, during, and after angiography to evaluate the effect of breathing meditation combined with VR-enhanced nature videos on pain intensity.
Measured: 2 month
The Effect of Breathing Meditation and VR-Enhanced Nature Videos on Patient Comfort
General Comfort Questionnaire (GCQ): The General Comfort Questionnaire will be used to assess patients' overall comfort levels before and after angiography. The questionnaire evaluates comfort across physical, psychospiritual, sociocultural, and environmental dimensions. The Turkish short form consists of 28 items and includes three subscales: relief (9 items), ease (9 items), and transcendence (10 items). Items are rated on a 6-point Likert scale, and negatively worded items are reverse-scored. The total score is divided by the number of items to obtain a mean score ranging from 1 to 6, with higher scores indicating greater comfort. The Turkish version demonstrated good internal consistency, with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.82. In this study, the questionnaire will be administered before and after angiography to evaluate the effect of breathing meditation combined with VR-enhanced nature videos on patients' comfort levels.
Measured: 2 month
The Effect of Breathing Meditation and VR-Enhanced Nature Videos on Blood Pressure
Patients' blood pressure values will be recorded to evaluate the effect of breathing meditation combined with VR-enhanced nature videos on blood pressure during angiography. Blood pressure will be measured before, during, and after the angiography procedure in both the intervention and control groups.
Measured: 2 month
The Effect of Breathing Meditation and VR-Enhanced Nature Videos on Pulse Rate
Patients' pulse rates will be recorded to evaluate the effect of breathing meditation combined with VR-enhanced nature videos on pulse rate during angiography. Pulse rate will be measured before, during, and after the angiography procedure in both the intervention and control groups.
Measured: 2 month
The Effect of Breathing Meditation and VR-Enhanced Nature Videos on Oxygen Saturation
Patients' peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO₂) levels will be recorded to evaluate the effect of breathing meditation combined with VR-enhanced nature videos on oxygen saturation during angiography. Oxygen saturation will be measured before, during, and after the angiography procedure in both the intervention and control groups.
Measured: 2 month
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted23 Oct 2026
- Study start1 Oct 2026
- Primary completion1 Nov 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion1 Dec 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (5)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Coronary AngiographyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 123 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Yalova
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Niran Çoban, University of Yalova
- Investigators
- NİRAN ÇOBAN, Study director, University of Yalova
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07892456
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- AGNC
- Status last verified
- Nov 2026
- First submitted
- 16 Oct 2026
- Last updated
- 4 Nov 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Publications
Ferguson C, Davidson PM, Scott PJ, Jackson D, Hickman LD. Augmented reality, virtual reality and gaming: an integral part of nursing. Contemp Nurse. 2015;51(1):1-4. doi: 10.1080/10376178.2015.1130360. Epub 2016 Jan 14. No abstract available.
PubMed 26678947Hayter M. Nurses' experiences of the effects of mindfulness training: a qualitative systematic review and meta-synthesis. Prof Inferm. 2021 Oct-Dec;74(4):256. doi: 10.7429/pi.2021.744256a.
PubMed 35363964Plotzky C, Lindwedel U, Sorber M, Loessl B, Konig P, Kunze C, Kugler C, Meng M. Virtual reality simulations in nurse education: A systematic mapping review. Nurse Educ Today. 2021 Jun;101:104868. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2021.104868. Epub 2021 Mar 23.
PubMed 33798987van der Riet P, Levett-Jones T, Aquino-Russell C. The effectiveness of mindfulness meditation for nurses and nursing students: An integrated literature review. Nurse Educ Today. 2018 Jun;65:201-211. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2018.03.018. Epub 2018 Mar 24.
PubMed 29602138Soylu A, Soylu D. Comparison of Pain, Anxiety, and Comfort Level After Femoral or Transradial Angiography: A Descriptive Study. J Perianesth Nurs. 2025 Oct;40(5):1268-1274. doi: 10.1016/j.jopan.2025.01.018. Epub 2025 May 29.
PubMed 40445154
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 4 Nov 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Breathing Meditation Combined With Virtual Reality-Enhanced Nature Videos on Anxiety, Comfort, and Physiological Parameters in Angiography Patients
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07892456
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- AGNC
- Conditions
- Coronary Angiography, Virtual Reality, Meditation
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 123 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- University of YalovaUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Oct 2026 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Nov 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 1 Dec 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 23 Oct 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study was designed to evaluate the effects of breathing meditation, accompanied by virtual reality (VR)-enhanced nature videos, on anxiety, comfort, pain, and physiological parameters in patients undergoing angiography. Prior to the procedure, pain levels in patients in both groups will be assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS); the State Anxiety Inventory and the General Comfort Scale will be administered; and physiological parameters will be recorded. Patients in the intervention group will be fitted with VR headsets 5 minutes before the start of the angiography procedure and will undergo breathing meditation accompanied by nature videos. Patients in the control group, on the other hand, will receive routine standard nursing care and will not undergo the VR intervention. During the procedure, pain levels and physiological parameters will be assessed in patients from both groups. Following the angiography, the VAS, State Anxiety Inventory, and General Comfort Scale will be re-administered in both groups, and physiological parameters will be recorded again. By comparing the data obtained from both groups at the same measurement points, the effect of VR-supported nature video-guided breathing meditation on patients' anxiety, comfort, pain, and physiological parameters will be determined.
Detailed description
Angiography is an invasive diagnostic and interventional procedure that may cause pain, anxiety, and physiological stress responses in patients. These experiences can negatively affect patient comfort and increase psychological distress during the procedure. Non-pharmacological interventions, including breathing meditation and virtual reality (VR)-based applications, may help reduce anxiety and pain while promoting relaxation and comfort. This study is designed as a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of breathing meditation combined with VR-enhanced nature videos on anxiety, comfort, pain, and physiological parameters in patients undergoing angiography.
The study will be conducted between October 2026 and December 2026 in the Coronary Angiography Unit of Koşuyolu High Specialization Training and Research Hospital in Istanbul, Türkiye. A total of 126 patients scheduled for angiography and meeting the inclusion criteria will be enrolled in the study. Patients will be randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n = 63) or the control group (n = 63). Patients in the intervention group will wear virtual reality (VR) goggles and watch nature videos while practicing breathing meditation, beginning 5 minutes before the angiography procedure. Patients in the control group will receive standard nursing care without VR or breathing meditation interventions.
Research data will be collected at the same assessment stages in both groups. Before the procedure, patients' pain levels will be assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), anxiety levels will be evaluated using the State Anxiety Inventory, and comfort levels will be measured using the General Comfort Questionnaire. Physiological parameters will also be recorded. During the procedure, pain levels and physiological parameters will be assessed. Following angiography, the VAS, State Anxiety Inventory, and General Comfort Questionnaire will be administered again, and physiological parameters will be recorded to evaluate changes following the intervention.
The findings of this study are expected to provide evidence regarding the potential effects of breathing meditation combined with VR-enhanced nature videos on anxiety, comfort, pain, and physiological parameters in patients undergoing angiography. If effective, this non-invasive and potentially easy-to-implement intervention may be considered a complementary nursing approach to support patient comfort and reduce anxiety during angiography procedures.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Breathing Meditation Combined with VR-Enhanced Nature Videos | Experimental | Other: Breathing Meditation Combined with Virtual Reality-Enhanced Nature VideosBefore coronary angiography During coronary angiography After coronary angiography |
| Standard care | No intervention | –Before coronary angiography During coronary angiography After coronary angiography |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 65 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (7 listed)
- • Be between the ages of 18 and 65,
Key exclusion criteria (7 listed)
- • Scheduled to undergo emergency coronary angiography,
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Breathing Meditation Combined with Virtual Reality-Enhanced Nature VideosBreathing meditation and nature video experience with a virtual reality headset | Other | Breathing Meditation Combined with VR-Enhanced Nature Videos |
Primary outcome
The Effect of Breathing Meditation and VR-Enhanced Nature Videos on Anxiety
Time frame: 2 month
State Anxiety Inventory: The State Anxiety Inventory (STAI-I) will be used to assess patients' state anxiety before and after angiography. The inventory measures how individuals feel at a particular moment and consists of 20 items, each scored on a 4-point scale ranging from 1 to 4. Some items are reverse scored. Total scores range from 20 to 80, with higher scores indicating greater state anxiety. The inventory will be administered to patients before and after angiography to evaluate changes in anxiety levels following the intervention.
The Effect of Breathing Meditation and VR-Enhanced Nature Videos on Pain
Time frame: 2 month
Visual Analog Scale (VAS): The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) is a commonly used unidimensional tool for assessing pain intensity. It consists of a 10-cm (100-mm) line ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst imaginable pain). In this study, the VAS will be used to assess patients' pain levels before, during, and after angiography to evaluate the effect of breathing meditation combined with VR-enhanced nature videos on pain intensity.
The Effect of Breathing Meditation and VR-Enhanced Nature Videos on Patient Comfort
Time frame: 2 month
General Comfort Questionnaire (GCQ): The General Comfort Questionnaire will be used to assess patients' overall comfort levels before and after angiography. The questionnaire evaluates comfort across physical, psychospiritual, sociocultural, and environmental dimensions. The Turkish short form consists of 28 items and includes three subscales: relief (9 items), ease (9 items), and transcendence (10 items). Items are rated on a 6-point Likert scale, and negatively worded items are reverse-scored. The total score is divided by the number of items to obtain a mean score ranging from 1 to 6, with higher scores indicating greater comfort. The Turkish version demonstrated good internal consistency, with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.82. In this study, the questionnaire will be administered before and after angiography to evaluate the effect of breathing meditation combined with VR-enhanced nature videos on patients' comfort levels.
The Effect of Breathing Meditation and VR-Enhanced Nature Videos on Blood Pressure
Time frame: 2 month
Patients' blood pressure values will be recorded to evaluate the effect of breathing meditation combined with VR-enhanced nature videos on blood pressure during angiography. Blood pressure will be measured before, during, and after the angiography procedure in both the intervention and control groups.
The Effect of Breathing Meditation and VR-Enhanced Nature Videos on Pulse Rate
Time frame: 2 month
Patients' pulse rates will be recorded to evaluate the effect of breathing meditation combined with VR-enhanced nature videos on pulse rate during angiography. Pulse rate will be measured before, during, and after the angiography procedure in both the intervention and control groups.
The Effect of Breathing Meditation and VR-Enhanced Nature Videos on Oxygen Saturation
Time frame: 2 month
Patients' peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO₂) levels will be recorded to evaluate the effect of breathing meditation combined with VR-enhanced nature videos on oxygen saturation during angiography. Oxygen saturation will be measured before, during, and after the angiography procedure in both the intervention and control groups.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 4 Nov 2026.
- Background: PubMed 26678947Ferguson C, Davidson PM, Scott PJ, Jackson D, Hickman LD. Augmented reality, virtual reality and gaming: an integral part of nursing. Contemp Nurse. 2015;51(1):1-4. doi: 10.1080/10376178.2015.1130360. Epub 2016 Jan 14. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 35363964Hayter M. Nurses' experiences of the effects of mindfulness training: a qualitative systematic review and meta-synthesis. Prof Inferm. 2021 Oct-Dec;74(4):256. doi: 10.7429/pi.2021.744256a.
- Background: PubMed 33798987Plotzky C, Lindwedel U, Sorber M, Loessl B, Konig P, Kunze C, Kugler C, Meng M. Virtual reality simulations in nurse education: A systematic mapping review. Nurse Educ Today. 2021 Jun;101:104868. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2021.104868. Epub 2021 Mar 23.
- Background: PubMed 29602138van der Riet P, Levett-Jones T, Aquino-Russell C. The effectiveness of mindfulness meditation for nurses and nursing students: An integrated literature review. Nurse Educ Today. 2018 Jun;65:201-211. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2018.03.018. Epub 2018 Mar 24.
- Background: PubMed 40445154Soylu A, Soylu D. Comparison of Pain, Anxiety, and Comfort Level After Femoral or Transradial Angiography: A Descriptive Study. J Perianesth Nurs. 2025 Oct;40(5):1268-1274. doi: 10.1016/j.jopan.2025.01.018. Epub 2025 May 29.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
NİRAN ÇOBAN study director
University of Yalova
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Breathing Meditation Combined with Virtual Reality-Enhanced Nature Videos in people with Coronary Angiography and Virtual Reality, run by University of Yalova at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 7 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 4 Nov 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact NİRAN ÇOBAN (05301586912, nirancoban@gmail.com), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
The Effect of Breathing Meditation and VR-Enhanced Nature Videos on Anxiety (time frame: 2 month). The study lists 6 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07892456, which also lists 5 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 4 Nov 2026.