Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN)NCT07896382
Comparative Effects Of Sensory Reweighting And Proprioceptive Facilitation Training On Balance And Fall Risk In Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
A study testing Sensory Reweighting with conventional Physical Therapy and Mechanical Proprioceptive Facilitation Training with conventional Physical Therapy in people with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN), run by University of Management and Technology Lahore at 1 site in Pakistan.
Trial summary
This randomized controlled trial aims to compare the effects of Sensory Reweighting and Mechanical Proprioceptive Facilitation Training on static balance, functional mobility, and fall risk in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Study design will be a randomized clinical trial. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 40 to 75 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN)
- What is being tested?
- Sensory Reweighting with conventional Physical Therapy and Mechanical Proprioceptive Facilitation Training with conventional Physical Therapy
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 44 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePakistan
- Study dates
- 19 Oct 2026to 31 Dec 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 40 to 75 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Patients diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by a medical practioner and confirmed by using MNSI Questionnaire total score ranges from 0 to 13, with higher scores indicating greater neuropathic symptoms. A score of ≥4 indicates an abnormal/positive neuropathy screen. MNSI Physical Examination: Total score ranges from 0 to 10. A score of ≥2.5 indicates an abnormal/positive neuropathy screen.
- Both Male and Female
- Age between 40-75 years
- Duration of diabetes ≥ 5 years
- HbA1c >8%
- Able to walk independently without assistive devices Exclusion Criteria
Show all 12Show fewer
- History of lower limb fractures, severe deformities (Claw toes / hammer toes with functional limitation, Significant limb length discrepancy, or Musculoskeletal problems (Hip osteoarthritis affecting mobility, Recent ligament injuries in 6 months, Severe plantar fasciitis)
- Active foot ulcer, infection, or gangrene
- History of recent lower limb surgery or trauma (within 6 months), including fractures, dislocations, joint replacement, ligament or tendon repair/injury, or other injuries involving the hip, knee, ankle, or foot
- Amputation of lower limb
- History of deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
- History of severe vestibular and neurological disorders (e.g., stroke, Parkinson's disease), Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Nephropathy
Who cannot join
None listed.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Pakistan1 site
University of Management & Technology
Lahore, Punjab Province, 54000
About this study
Official title: Comparative Effects Of Sensory Reweighting And Mechanical Proprioceptive Facilitation Training On Static Balance, Functional Mobility And Fall Risk In Patients With Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
This randomized controlled trial aims to compare the effects of Sensory Reweighting and Mechanical Proprioceptive Facilitation Training on static balance, functional mobility, and fall risk in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Study design will be a randomized clinical trial. Non-probability convenient sampling will be used and the subjects will be allocated to two groups by random allocation. Group A will receive either sensory reweighting exercises and Group B will receive mechanical proprioceptive facilitation training using the Blueidea Deep Muscle Massage Fascial Gun BLD-888 in combination with conventional therapy for six weeks. Outcome measures will include Nintendo Wii Balance Board for Static Balance, Timed Up and Go Test for Functional Mobility, and Fall Efficacy Scale for Fall Risk. Both groups will receive 18 sessions for a period of 6 weeks. Measurements of all the outcome variables will be taken at baseline, and post treatment. Results will be analyzed by using SPSS 25.
- Conditions
- Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN)
- Being tested
- Sensory Reweighting with conventional Physical Therapy, Mechanical Proprioceptive Facilitation Training with conventional Physical Therapy
- Keywords
- Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy, Sensory Reweighting, Mechanical Proprioceptive Facilitation, Balance, Fall Risk, Functional Mobility
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Sensory Reweighting with conventional Physical TherapyOther
Sensory reweighting will be performed under four different sensory conditions including eyes closed on a firm surface, eyes open on a firm surface, eyes open on a foam surface and eyes closed on a foam surface. The exercise program will include double-leg stance, tandem stance, single leg stance, tandem walking/ forward and backward waling and sit to stand exercises without arm support. Only standing exercises will be performed on foam surface while eyes closed to ensure patient safety. Each exercise trial will be performed for 20-30 seconds under each condition with three repetitions per condition. Rest intervals of 30-60 seconds will be given between trials. The total duration of each session will be 15-20 minutes. Progression of exercise will be introduced gradually initially exercises with eyes open on firm surface during week 1-2, followed by eyes closed condition in 3-4 week and dual task activities will be introduced during week 5-6.
Mechanical Proprioceptive Facilitation Training with conventional Physical TherapyOther
Mechanical Proprioceptive Facilitation Training using Blueidea Deep Muscle Massage Fascial Gun BLD-888 percussion massage gun. Mechanical stimulation will be applied to the plantar surface of the foot, calf muscles, and anterior and posterior thigh muscles. The device will be applied perpendicular to the tissue at a moderate, patient-tolerable intensity level. Each treatment area will receive percussion stimulation for approximately 1-2 minutes with a total intervention duration of 8-10 minutes per session. The intervention program will be conducted for 6 weeks, with 3 sessions per week total 18 treatment sessions. Conventional treatment Range of motion exercises (ankle, knee, toes) included knee flexion and extension, ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion, ankle inversion and eversion, and toe flexion and extension, Alternate weight shifting (side-to-side) Seated calf raises Heel raises with support (standing) will be given to both groups.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Sensory Reweighting with conventional Physical Therapy | Experimental | Sensory reweighting will be performed under four different sensory conditions including eyes closed on a firm surface, eyes open on a firm surface, eyes open on a foam surface and eyes closed on a foam surface. The exercise program will include double-leg stance, tandem stance, single leg stance, tandem walking/ forward and backward waling and sit to stand exercises without arm support. Only standing exercises will be performed on foam surface while eyes closed to ensure patient safety. Each exercise trial will be performed for 20-30 seconds under each condition with three repetitions per condition. Rest intervals of 30-60 seconds will be given between trials. The total duration of each session will be 15-20 minutes. Progression of exercise will be introduced gradually initially exercises with eyes open on firm surface during week 1-2, followed by eyes closed condition in 3-4 week and dual task activities will be introduced during week 5-6. Receives: Other: Sensory Reweighting with conventional Physical Therapy |
| Mechanical Proprioceptive Facilitation training with conventional Physical Therapy | Active comparator | Mechanical Proprioceptive Facilitation Training using Blueidea Deep Muscle Massage Fascial Gun BLD-888 percussion massage gun. Mechanical stimulation will be applied to the plantar surface of the foot, calf muscles, and anterior and posterior thigh muscles. The device will be applied perpendicular to the tissue at a moderate, patient-tolerable intensity level. Each treatment area will receive percussion stimulation for approximately 1-2 minutes with a total intervention duration of 8-10 minutes per session(38, 39). The intervention program will be conducted for 6 weeks, with 3 sessions per week total 18 treatment sessions. Receives: Other: Mechanical Proprioceptive Facilitation Training with conventional Physical Therapy |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Functional mobility through time up go test
Timed Up and Go Test is a standardized test used for the assessment of functional mobility. Procedure of test includes the participant stands up from the chair, walks 03 meters, turns around, returns and sit down while the completion time is recorded in seconds. Lower completion time indicates better mobility while longer completion time indicates impaired functional mobility. Score less than 10 shows Freely Mobile, >10 indicate Mostly independent and score greater than 20 seconds is generally associated impaired mobility. The test has shown excellent intra-rater and inter-rater reliability with interclass correlation coefficient reported around 0.99, along with strong validity in older adults and patients with neurological impairments
Measured: baseline and after 6 weeks
Fall risk through Fall Efficacy Scale
Fall Efficacy Scale is a 16 item self-reported questionnaire tool which measures fear of fall and self-confidence when carrying out activities of daily life. Individuals will be asked to rate, on a four-point Likert scale, their concerns about the possibility of falling when performing 16 activities. High scores means more fear of falling and less balance self-confidence. 16-19 low concern, 20-27 moderate concern and 28-64 high concern. The tool has been shown to have very good internal consistency, as evidenced
Measured: baseline and after 6 weeks
static balance through
Nintendo Wii Balance Board was used to assess static balance. This device measured postural sway, weight-shifting ability and balance control through force-sensing technology) For the measurement of center of gravity (COG) a patient was asked to stand still on balance board and then the weight distribution over the left and right feet was evaluated (body center of gravity; BCG). As a result, the percentage of weight over each foot was recorded. The result of weight distribution was measured in the percentage on right and left and further analyzed as affected and normal side. The Basic Balance Test involved shifting weight Mediolaterally to direct the center of pressure to target areas on the display. The Wii instructions were "spread your feet apart; lean left and right to keep the red bar in blue area for three seconds". The test had five possible levels with a time limit of 30 seconds to complete all levels.
Measured: baseline and after 6 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted27 Oct 2026
- Study start19 Oct 2026
- Primary completion31 Dec 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion31 Dec 2026 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN)Studies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 44 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Management and Technology Lahore
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Zainab Hassan, University of Management and Technology Lahore
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07896382
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- RE-203-2026
- Status last verified
- Nov 2026
- First submitted
- 20 Oct 2026
- Last updated
- 5 Nov 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: The results data collected; de-identified individual participant data will be shared.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 5 Nov 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Comparative Effects Of Sensory Reweighting And Mechanical Proprioceptive Facilitation Training On Static Balance, Functional Mobility And Fall Risk In Patients With Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07896382
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- RE-203-2026
- Conditions
- Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN)
- Keywords
- Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy, Sensory Reweighting, Mechanical Proprioceptive Facilitation, Balance, Fall Risk, Functional Mobility
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Active, not recruiting
- Enrolment
- 44 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of Management and Technology LahoreUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 19 Oct 2026 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 Dec 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 31 Dec 2026 (estimated)
- First posted
- 27 Oct 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This randomized controlled trial aims to compare the effects of Sensory Reweighting and Mechanical Proprioceptive Facilitation Training on static balance, functional mobility, and fall risk in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Study design will be a randomized clinical trial. Non-probability convenient sampling will be used and the subjects will be allocated to two groups by random allocation. Group A will receive either sensory reweighting exercises and Group B will receive mechanical proprioceptive facilitation training using the Blueidea Deep Muscle Massage Fascial Gun BLD-888 in combination with conventional therapy for six weeks. Outcome measures will include Nintendo Wii Balance Board for Static Balance, Timed Up and Go Test for Functional Mobility, and Fall Efficacy Scale for Fall Risk. Both groups will receive 18 sessions for a period of 6 weeks. Measurements of all the outcome variables will be taken at baseline, and post treatment. Results will be analyzed by using SPSS 25.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Sensory Reweighting with conventional Physical Therapy | Experimental | Other: Sensory Reweighting with conventional Physical TherapySensory reweighting will be performed under four different sensory conditions including eyes closed on a firm surface, eyes open on a firm surface, eyes open on a foam surface and eyes closed on a foam surface. The exercise program will include double-leg stance, tandem stance, single leg stance, tandem walking/ forward and backward waling and sit to stand exercises without arm support. Only standing exercises will be performed on foam surface while eyes closed to ensure patient safety. Each exercise trial will be performed for 20-30 seconds under each condition with three repetitions per condition. Rest intervals of 30-60 seconds will be given between trials. The total duration of each session will be 15-20 minutes. Progression of exercise will be introduced gradually initially exercises with eyes open on firm surface during week 1-2, followed by eyes closed condition in 3-4 week and dual task activities will be introduced during week 5-6. |
| Mechanical Proprioceptive Facilitation training with conventional Physical Therapy | Active comparator | Other: Mechanical Proprioceptive Facilitation Training with conventional Physical TherapyMechanical Proprioceptive Facilitation Training using Blueidea Deep Muscle Massage Fascial Gun BLD-888 percussion massage gun. Mechanical stimulation will be applied to the plantar surface of the foot, calf muscles, and anterior and posterior thigh muscles. The device will be applied perpendicular to the tissue at a moderate, patient-tolerable intensity level. Each treatment area will receive percussion stimulation for approximately 1-2 minutes with a total intervention duration of 8-10 minutes per session(38, 39). The intervention program will be conducted for 6 weeks, with 3 sessions per week total 18 treatment sessions. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 40 to 75 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (12 listed)
- Patients diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by a medical practioner and confirmed by using MNSI Questionnaire total score ranges from 0 to 13, with higher scores indicating greater neuropathic symptoms. A score of ≥4 indicates an abnormal/positive neuropathy screen. MNSI Physical Examination: Total score ranges from 0 to 10. A score of ≥2.5 indicates an abnormal/positive neuropathy screen.
- Both Male and Female
- Age between 40-75 years
- Duration of diabetes ≥ 5 years
- HbA1c >8%
Key exclusion criteria (0 listed)
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Sensory Reweighting with conventional Physical TherapySensory reweighting will be performed under four different sensory conditions including eyes closed on a firm surface, eyes open on a firm surface, eyes open on a foam surface and eyes closed on a foam surface. The exercise program will include double-leg stance, tandem stance, single leg stance, tandem walking/ forward and backward waling and sit to stand exercises without arm support. Only standing exercises will be performed on foam surface while eyes closed to ensure patient safety. Each exercise trial will be performed for 20-30 seconds under each condition with three repetitions per condition. Rest intervals of 30-60 seconds will be given between trials. The total duration of each session will be 15-20 minutes. Progression of exercise will be introduced gradually initially exercises with eyes open on firm surface during week 1-2, followed by eyes closed condition in 3-4 week and dual task activities will be introduced during week 5-6. | Other | Sensory Reweighting with conventional Physical Therapy |
| Mechanical Proprioceptive Facilitation Training with conventional Physical TherapyMechanical Proprioceptive Facilitation Training using Blueidea Deep Muscle Massage Fascial Gun BLD-888 percussion massage gun. Mechanical stimulation will be applied to the plantar surface of the foot, calf muscles, and anterior and posterior thigh muscles. The device will be applied perpendicular to the tissue at a moderate, patient-tolerable intensity level. Each treatment area will receive percussion stimulation for approximately 1-2 minutes with a total intervention duration of 8-10 minutes per session. The intervention program will be conducted for 6 weeks, with 3 sessions per week total 18 treatment sessions. Conventional treatment Range of motion exercises (ankle, knee, toes) included knee flexion and extension, ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion, ankle inversion and eversion, and toe flexion and extension, Alternate weight shifting (side-to-side) Seated calf raises Heel raises with support (standing) will be given to both groups. | Other | Mechanical Proprioceptive Facilitation training with conventional Physical Therapy |
Primary outcome
Functional mobility through time up go test
Time frame: baseline and after 6 weeks
Timed Up and Go Test is a standardized test used for the assessment of functional mobility. Procedure of test includes the participant stands up from the chair, walks 03 meters, turns around, returns and sit down while the completion time is recorded in seconds. Lower completion time indicates better mobility while longer completion time indicates impaired functional mobility. Score less than 10 shows Freely Mobile, >10 indicate Mostly independent and score greater than 20 seconds is generally associated impaired mobility. The test has shown excellent intra-rater and inter-rater reliability with interclass correlation coefficient reported around 0.99, along with strong validity in older adults and patients with neurological impairments
Fall risk through Fall Efficacy Scale
Time frame: baseline and after 6 weeks
Fall Efficacy Scale is a 16 item self-reported questionnaire tool which measures fear of fall and self-confidence when carrying out activities of daily life. Individuals will be asked to rate, on a four-point Likert scale, their concerns about the possibility of falling when performing 16 activities. High scores means more fear of falling and less balance self-confidence. 16-19 low concern, 20-27 moderate concern and 28-64 high concern. The tool has been shown to have very good internal consistency, as evidenced
static balance through
Time frame: baseline and after 6 weeks
Nintendo Wii Balance Board was used to assess static balance. This device measured postural sway, weight-shifting ability and balance control through force-sensing technology) For the measurement of center of gravity (COG) a patient was asked to stand still on balance board and then the weight distribution over the left and right feet was evaluated (body center of gravity; BCG). As a result, the percentage of weight over each foot was recorded. The result of weight distribution was measured in the percentage on right and left and further analyzed as affected and normal side. The Basic Balance Test involved shifting weight Mediolaterally to direct the center of pressure to target areas on the display. The Wii instructions were "spread your feet apart; lean left and right to keep the red bar in blue area for three seconds". The test had five possible levels with a time limit of 30 seconds to complete all levels.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 5 Nov 2026.
- Sams L, Langdown BL, Simons J, Vseteckova J. The impact of protocol designs for using massage guns on lower body flexibility: A randomised cross-over design study. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies. 2025 Mar 1;41:85-93.Link provided by the sponsor.
- Naz S, Jamil A, Ashraf S, Tauqeer S, Akram S. Proprioceptive training and conventional physical therapy on balance and quality of life in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A randomized controlled trial. Asia Pacific Journal of Health ManagemeLink provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. The results data collected; de-identified individual participant data will be shared.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Sensory Reweighting with conventional Physical Therapy and Mechanical Proprioceptive Facilitation Training with conventional Physical Therapy in people with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN), run by University of Management and Technology Lahore at 1 site in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 12 inclusion and 0 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: under way, not looking for participants, as of the sponsor's last update on 5 Nov 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Functional mobility through time up go test (time frame: baseline and after 6 weeks). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 5 Nov 2026; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 7 Nov 2026.