Breastfeeding Avoidance and Breastfeeding Self-efficacyNCT07899593
Effect of Solution-Focused Approach Education on Breastfeeding Avoidance and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy in Primiparous Mothers
A study testing Solution-Focused Approach Education in people with Breastfeeding Avoidance and Breastfeeding Self-efficacy, run by Karadeniz Technical University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Breastfeeding provides important short- and long-term benefits for maternal and infant health. However, many women, particularly primiparous mothers, experience psychological, social, and physiological difficulties during lactation and may show breastfeeding avoidance behavior. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Breastfeeding Avoidance and Breastfeeding Self-efficacy
- What is being tested?
- Solution-Focused Approach Education
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 80 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 15 Sep 2026to 30 Jan 2027
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- Women only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Being 18 years of age or older.
- Having given birth for the first time (primiparous).
- Having delivered a single, live, healthy infant.
- At least 6 weeks having elapsed since childbirth (completion of the postpartum period).
- Currently breastfeeding or intending to continue breastfeeding.
- Being able to read, write, and communicate in Turkish.
- Voluntarily agreeing to participate in the study and providing written informed consent.
- Having access to a smartphone, computer, or the internet.
Who cannot join
- Having a serious health condition in the mother or infant that contraindicates breastfeeding.
- Being multiparous.
- Prolonged mother-infant separation due to the infant's need for neonatal intensive care.
- Having a diagnosis of a serious psychiatric disorder.
- Reporting an inability to participate regularly in the study procedures.
- Incomplete completion of the data collection forms.
- Voluntarily withdrawing from the study at any stage.
- Not having access to a smartphone, computer, or the internet.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Gümüşhane Devlet Hastanesi
Gümüşhane, Gümüşhane Province
Özge Palancı Ay, Assistant Professor, +905428933629, ozge.plnci@gmail.com
About this study
Official title: The Effect of Solution-Focused Approach Education Given to Primiparous Mothers on Breastfeeding Avoidance Level and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Breastfeeding provides important short- and long-term benefits for maternal and infant health. However, many women, particularly primiparous mothers, experience psychological, social, and physiological difficulties during lactation and may show breastfeeding avoidance behavior. Breastfeeding self-efficacy, defined as a mother's belief in her ability to initiate and maintain breastfeeding, is a key determinant of breastfeeding success. This randomized controlled trial is currently evaluating the effect of a solution-focused approach (SFA) training program on breastfeeding avoidance and breastfeeding self-efficacy in primiparous mothers. Eligible participants are randomly assigned (1:1) to an intervention group, which receives four weekly, 45-minute online group sessions based on solution-focused techniques (e.g., scaling questions, reframing, EARS, miracle question, and exception-seeking questions), or a control group, which receives routine standard postpartum care. Breastfeeding avoidance and breastfeeding self-efficacy are measured before and after the intervention using validated scales. The study aims to determine whether SFA-based training reduces breastfeeding avoidance and increases breastfeeding self-efficacy in primiparous mothers.
- Being tested
- Solution-Focused Approach Education
- Keywords
- miwifery, nursing, breastfeeding avoidance, breastfeeding self-efficacy, solution focused approach
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Solution-Focused Approach EducationBehavioural
A solution-focused approach education program will be provided to primiparous mothers in the intervention group in addition to routine postpartum care. The intervention aims to reduce breastfeeding avoidance and improve breastfeeding self-efficacy.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Solution-Focused Approach Education Group | Experimental | Participants receive four weekly, 45-minute online group sessions based on the solution-focused approach, delivered by a trained researcher via video conference. Techniques include exploration, scaling, exception-seeking and miracle questions, reframing, compliments, and EARS. Each session includes a homework assignment. Participants also receive routine standard postpartum care. Receives: Behavioral: Solution-Focused Approach Education |
| Control: Routine Postpartum Care | No intervention | Participants receive routine standard postpartum care only and no solution-focused training during the study period. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Breastfeeding Avoidance Level
Breastfeeding avoidance level will be assessed using the Breastfeeding Avoidance Scale before and after the intervention. Changes in scores will be compared between the intervention and control groups.
Measured: At baseline before the intervention and immediately after completion of the intervention.
Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy
Breastfeeding self-efficacy will be assessed using a validated breastfeeding self-efficacy scale before and after the intervention. Changes in scores will be compared between the intervention and control groups.
Measured: At baseline before the intervention and immediately after completion of the intervention.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted27 Oct 2026
- Study start15 Sep 2026
- Primary completion31 Dec 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion30 Jan 2027 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Breastfeeding Avoidance and Breastfeeding Self-efficacyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Health services research
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- This study is designed as a two-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled trial involving primiparous mothers. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups: (1) an intervention group receiving solution-focused approach education in addition to routine postpartum care, or (2) a control group receiving routine postpartum care alone. Breastfeeding avoidance level and breastfeeding self-efficacy will be assessed and compared between the two groups at the prespecified assessment time points.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 80 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Karadeniz Technical University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Tugba Yazıcı Topcu, Karadeniz Technical University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07899593
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- KTU-SBF-53
- Status last verified
- Oct 2026
- First submitted
- 12 Oct 2026
- Last updated
- 27 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 27 Oct 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Solution-Focused Approach Education Given to Primiparous Mothers on Breastfeeding Avoidance Level and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07899593
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- KTU-SBF-53
- Keywords
- miwifery, nursing, breastfeeding avoidance, breastfeeding self-efficacy, solution focused approach
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 80 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Karadeniz Technical UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 15 Sep 2026 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 Dec 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 30 Jan 2027 (estimated)
- First posted
- 27 Oct 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Breastfeeding provides important short- and long-term benefits for maternal and infant health. However, many women, particularly primiparous mothers, experience psychological, social, and physiological difficulties during lactation and may show breastfeeding avoidance behavior. Breastfeeding self-efficacy, defined as a mother's belief in her ability to initiate and maintain breastfeeding, is a key determinant of breastfeeding success. This randomized controlled trial is currently evaluating the effect of a solution-focused approach (SFA) training program on breastfeeding avoidance and breastfeeding self-efficacy in primiparous mothers. Eligible participants are randomly assigned (1:1) to an intervention group, which receives four weekly, 45-minute online group sessions based on solution-focused techniques (e.g., scaling questions, reframing, EARS, miracle question, and exception-seeking questions), or a control group, which receives routine standard postpartum care. Breastfeeding avoidance and breastfeeding self-efficacy are measured before and after the intervention using validated scales. The study aims to determine whether SFA-based training reduces breastfeeding avoidance and increases breastfeeding self-efficacy in primiparous mothers.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Health services research
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- This study is designed as a two-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled trial involving primiparous mothers. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups: (1) an intervention group receiving solution-focused approach education in addition to routine postpartum care, or (2) a control group receiving routine postpartum care alone. Breastfeeding avoidance level and breastfeeding self-efficacy will be assessed and compared between the two groups at the prespecified assessment time points.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Solution-Focused Approach Education Group | Experimental | Behavioral: Solution-Focused Approach EducationParticipants receive four weekly, 45-minute online group sessions based on the solution-focused approach, delivered by a trained researcher via video conference. Techniques include exploration, scaling, exception-seeking and miracle questions, reframing, compliments, and EARS. Each session includes a homework assignment. Participants also receive routine standard postpartum care. |
| Control: Routine Postpartum Care | No intervention | –Participants receive routine standard postpartum care only and no solution-focused training during the study period. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (8 listed)
- Being 18 years of age or older.
- Having given birth for the first time (primiparous).
- Having delivered a single, live, healthy infant.
- At least 6 weeks having elapsed since childbirth (completion of the postpartum period).
- Currently breastfeeding or intending to continue breastfeeding.
Key exclusion criteria (8 listed)
- Having a serious health condition in the mother or infant that contraindicates breastfeeding.
- Being multiparous.
- Prolonged mother-infant separation due to the infant's need for neonatal intensive care.
- Having a diagnosis of a serious psychiatric disorder.
- Reporting an inability to participate regularly in the study procedures.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Solution-Focused Approach EducationA solution-focused approach education program will be provided to primiparous mothers in the intervention group in addition to routine postpartum care. The intervention aims to reduce breastfeeding avoidance and improve breastfeeding self-efficacy. | Behavioural | Solution-Focused Approach Education Group |
Primary outcome
Breastfeeding Avoidance Level
Time frame: At baseline before the intervention and immediately after completion of the intervention.
Breastfeeding avoidance level will be assessed using the Breastfeeding Avoidance Scale before and after the intervention. Changes in scores will be compared between the intervention and control groups.
Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy
Time frame: At baseline before the intervention and immediately after completion of the intervention.
Breastfeeding self-efficacy will be assessed using a validated breastfeeding self-efficacy scale before and after the intervention. Changes in scores will be compared between the intervention and control groups.
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 27 Oct 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Solution-Focused Approach Education in people with Breastfeeding Avoidance and Breastfeeding Self-efficacy, run by Karadeniz Technical University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 8 inclusion and 8 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 27 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Tuğba Yazıcı Topçu, Assistant Professor (+905535718551, tugba.yazici@ktu.edu.tr), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Breastfeeding Avoidance Level (time frame: At baseline before the intervention and immediately after completion of the intervention.). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 27 Oct 2026.