Hypertension (HTN)NCT07904832
Under Pressure: Arugula Extract's Effect on Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Individuals
A study testing Arugula Extract and Psyllium Husk in people with Hypertension (HTN) and Hypertension, run by Baylor University at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The purpose of this randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study was to investigate the acute effects of arugula extract (AE) supplementation on blood pressure, endothelial function, and circulating nitric oxide (NO) metabolites in individuals with elevated to stage 1 hypertension. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 50 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Hypertension (HTN), Hypertension
- What is being tested?
- Arugula Extract and Psyllium Husk
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 16 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 11 Sep 2025to 14 Jul 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 50 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Males and females between the ages of 18 and 50
- No previously diagnosed or known cardiovascular diseases aside from hypertension
- Elevated or stage I hypertension in accordance to the AHA
- Not Not currently taking any medication that may affect blood pressure, heart rate, or mental state (e.g., stimulants, anti-depressants, anti-anxiety)
Who cannot join
- BMI >40 kg/m2
- A blood pressure reading on two separate occasions indicating stage II hypertension according to the AHA.
- Previously diagnosed with any cardiovascular or cardiometabolic disease (aside from hypertension)
- Currently taking any prescription stimulants or anti-depressants
- Taking any supplements with dietary nitrates (e.g., beet root juice, powder) or Nitric Oxide advertised supplements
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
The purpose of this randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study was to investigate the acute effects of arugula extract (AE) supplementation on blood pressure, endothelial function, and circulating nitric oxide (NO) metabolites in individuals with elevated to stage 1 hypertension. Hypertension is a major contributing factor to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is commonly associated with endothelial dysfunction and impaired NO bioavailability. Dietary nitrate supplementation has demonstrated beneficial effects on cardiovascular health through the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway. Although nitrate-rich supplements such as beetroot juice have been extensively investigated, limited research has examined the vascular effects of arugula extract in individuals with hypertension.
Sixteen adults between the ages of 18 and 50 years with elevated to stage 1 hypertension participated in the study. Participants completed two experimental conditions in randomized order: 4,000 mg of arugula extract, providing approximately 400 mg of dietary nitrate, and 4,000 mg of psyllium husk placebo. Each condition was separated by a minimum 72-hour washout period to minimize potential carryover effects.
Read more
During each experimental condition, participants underwent baseline cardiovascular and vascular assessments before consuming the assigned supplement. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and venous blood samples were collected at baseline and 1, 2, 3, and 24 hours following supplementation. Endothelial function was assessed through brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) at baseline, 3 hours, and 24 hours post-supplementation. Blood samples were analyzed to assess circulating nitrate, nitrite, and total NO metabolites.
The primary objective was to determine whether acute arugula extract supplementation improved endothelial function and reduced blood pressure compared with placebo. Secondary objectives included evaluating changes in circulating NO metabolites. This investigation sought to determine the potential of arugula extract as a dietary nitrate intervention for improving vascular health in individuals with elevated blood pressure.
- Conditions
- Hypertension (HTN), Hypertension
- Being tested
- Arugula Extract, Psyllium Husk
- Keywords
- Arugula, Hypertension, Vascular Health, Cardiovascular
- Medical subject headings
- Hypertension
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Arugula ExtractDietary supplement
Participants consume a single oral dose of 4,000 mg arugula extract (AE), providing approximately 400 mg of dietary nitrate (10% nitrate concentration). Arugula Extract is administered in capsule form following baseline cardiovascular and vascular assessments. Blood pressure, heart rate, and blood biomarkers are assessed at baseline, 1, 2, 3, and 24 hours following supplementation. Flow-mediated dilation is assessed at baseline, 3 hours, and 24 hours.
Psyllium HuskDietary supplement
Participants consume a single oral dose of 4,000 mg psyllium husk as the placebo condition. The placebo is administered in capsule form following baseline cardiovascular and vascular assessments. Blood pressure, heart rate, and blood biomarkers are assessed at baseline, 1, 2, 3, and 24 hours following supplementation. Flow-mediated dilation is assessed at baseline, 3 hours, and 24 hours.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Arugula Extract Followed by Placebo | Experimental | Participants in this arm will receive a single dose of 4,000 mg of arugula extract during the experimental condition, followed by a minimum 72-hour washout period. Participants subsequently receive a single oral dose of 4,000 mg psyllium husk (placebo) during the second experiential condition. Receives: Dietary Supplement: Arugula Extract |
| Placebo Followed by Arugula Extract | Experimental | Participants in this arm will receive a single dose of 4,000 mg of psyllium husk (placebo) during the experimental condition, followed by a minimum 72-hour washout period. Participants subsequently receive a single oral dose of 4,000 mg arugula extract during the second experiential condition. Receives: Dietary Supplement: Psyllium Husk |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Endothelial Function
Measured Via brachial artery flow-mediated dilation.
Measured: Baseline, 3-hours post supplementation, 24-hours post supplementation
Blood Pressure
Blood pressure will be measured using an automated oscillometric sphygmomanometer to determine systolic and diastolic blood pressure in mmHg.
Measured: Baseline, 1-hour post consumption , 2-hours post consumption, 3-hours post consumption, and 24-hours post consumption
Biomarker of Nitric Oxide
Nitrate and Nitrite are biomarkers of nitric oxide quantified through blood samples analysis. Measured with Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).
Measured: Baseline, 1-hour post consumption , 2-hours post consumption, 3-hours post consumption, and 24-hours post consumption
Heart Rate
Heart rate will be measured in conjunction with blood pressure using an automated oscillometric sphygmomanometer to determine beats per minute in bpm)
Measured: Baseline, 1-hour post consumption , 2-hours post consumption, 3-hours post consumption, and 24-hours post consumption
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted29 Oct 2026
- Study start11 Sep 2025
- Primary completion14 Jul 2026
- Study completion14 Jul 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Hypertension (HTN)Studies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 16 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Baylor University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07904832
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2274597
- Status last verified
- Oct 2026
- First submitted
- 23 Oct 2026
- Last updated
- 29 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 29 Oct 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Under Pressure: Arugula Extract's Effect on Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Individuals
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07904832
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2274597
- Conditions
- Hypertension (HTN), Hypertension
- Keywords
- Arugula, Hypertension, Vascular Health, Cardiovascular
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 16 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Baylor UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 11 Sep 2025 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 14 Jul 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 14 Jul 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 29 Oct 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of this randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study was to investigate the acute effects of arugula extract (AE) supplementation on blood pressure, endothelial function, and circulating nitric oxide (NO) metabolites in individuals with elevated to stage 1 hypertension. Hypertension is a major contributing factor to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is commonly associated with endothelial dysfunction and impaired NO bioavailability. Dietary nitrate supplementation has demonstrated beneficial effects on cardiovascular health through the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway. Although nitrate-rich supplements such as beetroot juice have been extensively investigated, limited research has examined the vascular effects of arugula extract in individuals with hypertension.
Sixteen adults between the ages of 18 and 50 years with elevated to stage 1 hypertension participated in the study. Participants completed two experimental conditions in randomized order: 4,000 mg of arugula extract, providing approximately 400 mg of dietary nitrate, and 4,000 mg of psyllium husk placebo. Each condition was separated by a minimum 72-hour washout period to minimize potential carryover effects.
During each experimental condition, participants underwent baseline cardiovascular and vascular assessments before consuming the assigned supplement. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and venous blood samples were collected at baseline and 1, 2, 3, and 24 hours following supplementation. Endothelial function was assessed through brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) at baseline, 3 hours, and 24 hours post-supplementation. Blood samples were analyzed to assess circulating nitrate, nitrite, and total NO metabolites.
The primary objective was to determine whether acute arugula extract supplementation improved endothelial function and reduced blood pressure compared with placebo. Secondary objectives included evaluating changes in circulating NO metabolites. This investigation sought to determine the potential of arugula extract as a dietary nitrate intervention for improving vascular health in individuals with elevated blood pressure.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Arugula Extract Followed by Placebo | Experimental | Dietary Supplement: Arugula ExtractParticipants in this arm will receive a single dose of 4,000 mg of arugula extract during the experimental condition, followed by a minimum 72-hour washout period. Participants subsequently receive a single oral dose of 4,000 mg psyllium husk (placebo) during the second experiential condition. |
| Placebo Followed by Arugula Extract | Experimental | Dietary Supplement: Psyllium HuskParticipants in this arm will receive a single dose of 4,000 mg of psyllium husk (placebo) during the experimental condition, followed by a minimum 72-hour washout period. Participants subsequently receive a single oral dose of 4,000 mg arugula extract during the second experiential condition. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 50 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Males and females between the ages of 18 and 50
- No previously diagnosed or known cardiovascular diseases aside from hypertension
- Elevated or stage I hypertension in accordance to the AHA
- Not Not currently taking any medication that may affect blood pressure, heart rate, or mental state (e.g., stimulants, anti-depressants, anti-anxiety)
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- BMI >40 kg/m2
- A blood pressure reading on two separate occasions indicating stage II hypertension according to the AHA.
- Previously diagnosed with any cardiovascular or cardiometabolic disease (aside from hypertension)
- Currently taking any prescription stimulants or anti-depressants
- Taking any supplements with dietary nitrates (e.g., beet root juice, powder) or Nitric Oxide advertised supplements
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Arugula ExtractParticipants consume a single oral dose of 4,000 mg arugula extract (AE), providing approximately 400 mg of dietary nitrate (10% nitrate concentration). Arugula Extract is administered in capsule form following baseline cardiovascular and vascular assessments. Blood pressure, heart rate, and blood biomarkers are assessed at baseline, 1, 2, 3, and 24 hours following supplementation. Flow-mediated dilation is assessed at baseline, 3 hours, and 24 hours. | Dietary supplement | Arugula Extract Followed by Placebo |
| Psyllium HuskParticipants consume a single oral dose of 4,000 mg psyllium husk as the placebo condition. The placebo is administered in capsule form following baseline cardiovascular and vascular assessments. Blood pressure, heart rate, and blood biomarkers are assessed at baseline, 1, 2, 3, and 24 hours following supplementation. Flow-mediated dilation is assessed at baseline, 3 hours, and 24 hours. | Dietary supplement | Placebo Followed by Arugula Extract |
Primary outcome
Endothelial Function
Time frame: Baseline, 3-hours post supplementation, 24-hours post supplementation
Measured Via brachial artery flow-mediated dilation.
Blood Pressure
Time frame: Baseline, 1-hour post consumption , 2-hours post consumption, 3-hours post consumption, and 24-hours post consumption
Blood pressure will be measured using an automated oscillometric sphygmomanometer to determine systolic and diastolic blood pressure in mmHg.
Biomarker of Nitric Oxide
Time frame: Baseline, 1-hour post consumption , 2-hours post consumption, 3-hours post consumption, and 24-hours post consumption
Nitrate and Nitrite are biomarkers of nitric oxide quantified through blood samples analysis. Measured with Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).
Heart Rate
Time frame: Baseline, 1-hour post consumption , 2-hours post consumption, 3-hours post consumption, and 24-hours post consumption
Heart rate will be measured in conjunction with blood pressure using an automated oscillometric sphygmomanometer to determine beats per minute in bpm)
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 29 Oct 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Arugula Extract and Psyllium Husk in people with Hypertension (HTN) and Hypertension, run by Baylor University at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 29 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Endothelial Function (time frame: Baseline, 3-hours post supplementation, 24-hours post supplementation). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 29 Oct 2026.