Peripheral Venous CatheterizationNCT07914374
Video- and Game-Based Interventions During Pediatric Peripheral Venous Catheterization
A study testing Researcher-Developed Educational Video and Developed Educational Card Game in people with Peripheral Venous Catheterization, run by Selcuk University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the effects of video- and card game-based interventions administered to children during peripheral venous catheter placement on their physiological parameters, pain, anxiety, and fear of materials used in hospitals. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 5 to 10 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Peripheral Venous Catheterization
- What is being tested?
- Researcher-Developed Educational Video and Developed Educational Card Game
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 120 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Feb 2026to 31 May 2026
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 5 to 10 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child
Who may be able to join
- Children aged 5-10 years.
- Children undergoing peripheral venous catheter placement in the pediatric emergency department.
- Children whose parents or legal guardians provide informed consent for participation in the study.
- Children who meet the study requirements and agree to participate in accordance with the approved consent procedures.
Who cannot join
- Children who received sedative or narcotic medication within the previous 24 hours.
- Children who received analgesic medication within the previous 6 hours.
- Children with sensory impairment in the limb intended for peripheral venous catheter placement or a cast on that limb.
- Children with significant medical or psychiatric conditions that may affect the study assessments, including needle phobia or a history of fainting during blood collection.
- Children with visual or hearing impairments that prevent participation in the interventions.
- Children who exhibit reactions to the images or sounds used in the interventions that prevent participation.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Evaluation of Video- and Game-Based Interventions Applied to Children During Peripheral Venous Catheter Placement on Their Physiological Parameters, Pain, Anxiety, and Fear of Hospital Materials: A Randomized Controlled Trial
The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the effects of video- and card game-based interventions administered to children during peripheral venous catheter placement on their physiological parameters, pain, anxiety, and fear of materials used in hospitals. The study was conducted between February 2026 and May 2026 in the Pediatric Emergency Department of Selçuk University. A total of 120 children aged 5-10 years were included. We divided the children into three groups: video, card game, and control. Children in the video group received a video-based intervention before the procedure, while those in the card game group received a card game-based intervention. The control group received routine care. Data were collected using the Information Form, Physiological Parameters Assessment Form, Wong-Baker Faces Rating Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the scale measuring children's fear of nursing interventions and instruments used in hospitals.
Read the detailed description
Peripheral venous catheter placement is an invasive nursing procedure that may cause adverse responses in children, including pain, fear, and anxiety. Providing children with information before the procedure and supporting them with developmentally appropriate methods may help reduce these responses. Video- and game-based interventions are non-pharmacological approaches that can distract children during the procedure and support their cooperation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of video- and card game-based interventions administered to children during peripheral venous catheter placement on their physiological parameters, pain, anxiety, and fear of materials used in hospitals. The study was designed as a randomized controlled trial with three parallel groups and was conducted between February 2026 and May 2026 in the Pediatric Emergency Department of Selçuk University. A total of 120 children aged 5-10 years were included. The children were assigned to a video group, a card game group, or a control group. Children in the video group received a video-based intervention before peripheral venous catheter placement, while children in the card game group received a card game-based intervention. The control group received routine care without any additional intervention. Physiological parameters were assessed in terms of pulse rate, oxygen saturation, and respiratory rate. The data collection instruments included the Information Form, Physiological Parameters Assessment Form, Wong-Baker Faces Rating Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the scale measuring children's fear of nursing interventions and instruments used in hospitals. Data were analyzed using measurements obtained before and after the procedure. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.
- Conditions
- Peripheral Venous Catheterization
- Being tested
- Researcher-Developed Educational Video, Developed Educational Card Game
- Keywords
- Pain, Anxiety, Child Fear, Peripheral venous catheterization, Game, Video
- Medical subject headings
- Pain, Anxiety Disorders
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Researcher-Developed Educational VideoOther
The researcher-developed educational video was created using Canva and lasted approximately 3.5 minutes. It consisted of four sections introducing the nurse, the emergency department, medical materials, and the peripheral venous catheterization procedure. The video was reviewed by three academic experts in pediatric nursing, and the final version was prepared based on their feedback. The video was administered to children before peripheral venous catheter placement.
Developed Educational Card GameOther
The researcher-developed educational card game consisted of cards with laminated outer surfaces, stored in a cardboard box. The game included four sections: introduction of the nurse, the emergency department, medical materials, and the peripheral venous catheterization procedure. During each section, the researcher first introduced the cards and then asked the child questions about the person or material shown. For the medical materials, the child was asked about their purpose. In the final section, cards illustrating peripheral venous catheterization were used to explain the procedure and the materials involved in age-appropriate language. The child was then asked questions about the procedural steps and materials used. The game was reviewed by three academic experts in pediatric nursing, and the final version was prepared based on their feedback. The intervention was administered before peripheral venous catheter placement.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Video Group | Experimental | The researcher developed an educational video using Canva that lasted approximately 3.5 minutes. It consisted of four sections: an introduction to the nurse, the emergency department, medical materials, and the peripheral venous catheterization procedure. Three academic experts in pediatric nursing reviewed the video, and the final version was revised based on their feedback. The video was administered to children before peripheral venous catheter placement Receives: Other: Researcher-Developed Educational Video |
| Card Game Group | Experimental | The researcher-developed educational card game consisted of cards with laminated outer surfaces, stored in a cardboard box. The game included four sections: introduction of the nurse, the emergency department, medical materials, and the peripheral venous catheterization procedure. In each section, the researcher first introduced the cards, then asked the child questions about the person or material shown. For the medical materials, the researcher asked the child about their purpose. In the final section, the researcher used cards illustrating peripheral venous catheterization to explain the procedure and materials in age-appropriate language. The child was then asked questions about the procedural steps and materials used. Three academic experts in pediatric nursing reviewed the game, and the final version was revised based on their feedback. The intervention was administered before peripheral venous catheter placement. Receives: Other: Developed Educational Card Game |
| Control group | No intervention | Children in the control group received routine care during peripheral venous catheter placement without the additional educational video or card game intervention. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Physiological Parameters During Peripheral Venous Catheter Placement: Heart Rate
Children's heart rates were assessed using the Physiological Parameters Assessment Form. Measurements were compared among the video group, card game group, and control group to evaluate the effects of the interventions on physiological parameters during peripheral venous catheter placement.
Measured: Before the randomized allocation of groups and three minutes after peripheral venous catheter placement
Physiological Parameters During Peripheral Venous Catheter Placement: Respiratory rate
Children's respiratory rate was assessed using the Physiological Parameters Assessment Form. Measurements were compared among the video group, card game group, and control group to evaluate the effects of the interventions on physiological parameters during peripheral venous catheter placement.
Measured: Before the randomized allocation of groups and three minutes after peripheral venous catheter placement
Physiological Parameters During Peripheral Venous Catheter Placement: Oxygen saturation
Children's oxygen saturation was assessed using the Physiological Parameters Assessment Form. Measurements were compared among the video group, card game group, and control group to evaluate the effects of the interventions on physiological parameters during peripheral venous catheter placement.
Measured: Before the randomized allocation of groups and three minutes after peripheral venous catheter placement
Procedural Pain During Peripheral Venous Catheter Placement
Children's procedural pain was assessed using the Wong-Baker Faces Rating Scale. The scale is completed by the child and includes five different facial expressions, each with a score between 0 and 10. An increase in the score indicates an increase in the child's pain level. Pain scores were compared among the video group, card game group, and control group to evaluate the effects of video- and card game-based interventions on pain during peripheral venous catheter placement.
Measured: Before the randomized allocation of groups and three minutes after peripheral venous catheter placement
Anxiety During Peripheral Venous Catheter Placement
Children's anxiety levels were assessed using the anxiety assessment instrument specified in the study protocol. The scale uses phrases like, "Imagine all your anxious or nervous feelings are at the bottom of the thermometer," "If you're a little anxious or tense, the feelings might go a little higher on the thermometer," and "If you're very, very anxious or tense, the feelings might go all the way to the top." The child is asked to draw a line on the thermometer to indicate how anxious they are "right now." The scale is scored on a scale of 0-10, with an increasing score indicating increased anxiety. Anxiety scores were compared among the video group, card game group, and control group to evaluate the effects of the interventions on children's anxiety levels.
Measured: Before the randomized allocation of groups and three minutes after peripheral venous catheter placement
Fear of Nursing Interventions and Materials Used in Hospitals
Children's fear of nursing interventions and materials used in hospitals was assessed using the scale for measuring children's fear of nursing interventions and instruments used in hospitals. The scale consists of 18 items, a five-point Likert scale, and two sub-dimensions; the items include images of the materials used. The sub-dimension of fear towards frequently encountered materials includes items 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16, while the sub-dimension of fear towards infrequently encountered materials includes items 1, 2, 6, 9, 10, 11, 17, and 18. In scoring the scale, the child is expected to respond to the image in the relevant item with one of the following options: "(1) I am not afraid, (2) I am slightly afraid, (3) I am afraid, (4) I am very afraid, (5) I am extremely afraid." The scale has no cutoff point, and as tFear scores were compared among the video group, card game group, and control group to evaluate the effects of the interventions on children's fear levels.
Measured: Before the randomized allocation of groups and three minutes after peripheral venous catheter placement
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted3 Nov 2026
- Study start1 Feb 2026
- Primary completion1 Mar 2026
- Study completion31 May 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (3)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Peripheral Venous CatheterizationStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Selcuk UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 120 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Selcuk University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Sevil Özkan, Selcuk University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07914374
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2025/146
- Status last verified
- Oct 2026
- First submitted
- 27 Oct 2026
- Last updated
- 3 Nov 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Birnie KA, Noel M, Parker JA, Chambers CT, Uman LS, Kisely SR, McGrath PJ. Systematic review and meta-analysis of distraction and hypnosis for needle-related pain and distress in children and adolescents. J Pediatr Psychol. 2014 Sep;39(8):783-808. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsu029. Epub 2014 Jun 2.
PubMed 24891439Bice AA, Gunther M, Wyatt T. Increasing nursing treatment for pediatric procedural pain. Pain Manag Nurs. 2014 Mar;15(1):365-79. doi: 10.1016/j.pmn.2012.06.004. Epub 2012 Aug 18.
PubMed 24602440Uysal DA, Polat OG, Ugucu G, Karakul A, Olcay AZ, Tuzun O, Yigit R. A comparison of watching cartoons versus playing games as a distraction method on pain and fear of pain during peripheral intravenous cannula placement in children aged 6-9 years: A randomized experimental study. J Pediatr Nurs. 2025 Jan-Feb;80:161-166. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2024.11.023. Epub 2024 Nov 30.
PubMed 39616818
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 3 Nov 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Evaluation of Video- and Game-Based Interventions Applied to Children During Peripheral Venous Catheter Placement on Their Physiological Parameters, Pain, Anxiety, and Fear of Hospital Materials: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT07914374
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2025/146
- Conditions
- Peripheral Venous Catheterization
- Keywords
- Pain, Anxiety, Child Fear, Peripheral venous catheterization, Game, Video
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 120 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Selcuk UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Feb 2026 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Mar 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 31 May 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 3 Nov 2026 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the effects of video- and card game-based interventions administered to children during peripheral venous catheter placement on their physiological parameters, pain, anxiety, and fear of materials used in hospitals. The study was conducted between February 2026 and May 2026 in the Pediatric Emergency Department of Selçuk University. A total of 120 children aged 5-10 years were included. We divided the children into three groups: video, card game, and control. Children in the video group received a video-based intervention before the procedure, while those in the card game group received a card game-based intervention. The control group received routine care. Data were collected using the Information Form, Physiological Parameters Assessment Form, Wong-Baker Faces Rating Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the scale measuring children's fear of nursing interventions and instruments used in hospitals.
Detailed description
Peripheral venous catheter placement is an invasive nursing procedure that may cause adverse responses in children, including pain, fear, and anxiety. Providing children with information before the procedure and supporting them with developmentally appropriate methods may help reduce these responses. Video- and game-based interventions are non-pharmacological approaches that can distract children during the procedure and support their cooperation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of video- and card game-based interventions administered to children during peripheral venous catheter placement on their physiological parameters, pain, anxiety, and fear of materials used in hospitals. The study was designed as a randomized controlled trial with three parallel groups and was conducted between February 2026 and May 2026 in the Pediatric Emergency Department of Selçuk University. A total of 120 children aged 5-10 years were included. The children were assigned to a video group, a card game group, or a control group. Children in the video group received a video-based intervention before peripheral venous catheter placement, while children in the card game group received a card game-based intervention. The control group received routine care without any additional intervention. Physiological parameters were assessed in terms of pulse rate, oxygen saturation, and respiratory rate. The data collection instruments included the Information Form, Physiological Parameters Assessment Form, Wong-Baker Faces Rating Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the scale measuring children's fear of nursing interventions and instruments used in hospitals. Data were analyzed using measurements obtained before and after the procedure. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Video Group | Experimental | Other: Researcher-Developed Educational VideoThe researcher developed an educational video using Canva that lasted approximately 3.5 minutes. It consisted of four sections: an introduction to the nurse, the emergency department, medical materials, and the peripheral venous catheterization procedure. Three academic experts in pediatric nursing reviewed the video, and the final version was revised based on their feedback. The video was administered to children before peripheral venous catheter placement |
| Card Game Group | Experimental | Other: Developed Educational Card GameThe researcher-developed educational card game consisted of cards with laminated outer surfaces, stored in a cardboard box. The game included four sections: introduction of the nurse, the emergency department, medical materials, and the peripheral venous catheterization procedure. In each section, the researcher first introduced the cards, then asked the child questions about the person or material shown. For the medical materials, the researcher asked the child about their purpose. In the final section, the researcher used cards illustrating peripheral venous catheterization to explain the procedure and materials in age-appropriate language. The child was then asked questions about the procedural steps and materials used. Three academic experts in pediatric nursing reviewed the game, and the final version was revised based on their feedback. The intervention was administered before peripheral venous catheter placement. |
| Control group | No intervention | –Children in the control group received routine care during peripheral venous catheter placement without the additional educational video or card game intervention. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 5 to 10 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Children aged 5-10 years.
- Children undergoing peripheral venous catheter placement in the pediatric emergency department.
- Children whose parents or legal guardians provide informed consent for participation in the study.
- Children who meet the study requirements and agree to participate in accordance with the approved consent procedures.
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Children who received sedative or narcotic medication within the previous 24 hours.
- Children who received analgesic medication within the previous 6 hours.
- Children with sensory impairment in the limb intended for peripheral venous catheter placement or a cast on that limb.
- Children with significant medical or psychiatric conditions that may affect the study assessments, including needle phobia or a history of fainting during blood collection.
- Children with visual or hearing impairments that prevent participation in the interventions.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Researcher-Developed Educational VideoThe researcher-developed educational video was created using Canva and lasted approximately 3.5 minutes. It consisted of four sections introducing the nurse, the emergency department, medical materials, and the peripheral venous catheterization procedure. The video was reviewed by three academic experts in pediatric nursing, and the final version was prepared based on their feedback. The video was administered to children before peripheral venous catheter placement. | Other | Video Group |
| Developed Educational Card GameThe researcher-developed educational card game consisted of cards with laminated outer surfaces, stored in a cardboard box. The game included four sections: introduction of the nurse, the emergency department, medical materials, and the peripheral venous catheterization procedure. During each section, the researcher first introduced the cards and then asked the child questions about the person or material shown. For the medical materials, the child was asked about their purpose. In the final section, cards illustrating peripheral venous catheterization were used to explain the procedure and the materials involved in age-appropriate language. The child was then asked questions about the procedural steps and materials used. The game was reviewed by three academic experts in pediatric nursing, and the final version was prepared based on their feedback. The intervention was administered before peripheral venous catheter placement. | Other | Card Game Group |
Primary outcome
Physiological Parameters During Peripheral Venous Catheter Placement: Heart Rate
Time frame: Before the randomized allocation of groups and three minutes after peripheral venous catheter placement
Children's heart rates were assessed using the Physiological Parameters Assessment Form. Measurements were compared among the video group, card game group, and control group to evaluate the effects of the interventions on physiological parameters during peripheral venous catheter placement.
Physiological Parameters During Peripheral Venous Catheter Placement: Respiratory rate
Time frame: Before the randomized allocation of groups and three minutes after peripheral venous catheter placement
Children's respiratory rate was assessed using the Physiological Parameters Assessment Form. Measurements were compared among the video group, card game group, and control group to evaluate the effects of the interventions on physiological parameters during peripheral venous catheter placement.
Physiological Parameters During Peripheral Venous Catheter Placement: Oxygen saturation
Time frame: Before the randomized allocation of groups and three minutes after peripheral venous catheter placement
Children's oxygen saturation was assessed using the Physiological Parameters Assessment Form. Measurements were compared among the video group, card game group, and control group to evaluate the effects of the interventions on physiological parameters during peripheral venous catheter placement.
Procedural Pain During Peripheral Venous Catheter Placement
Time frame: Before the randomized allocation of groups and three minutes after peripheral venous catheter placement
Children's procedural pain was assessed using the Wong-Baker Faces Rating Scale. The scale is completed by the child and includes five different facial expressions, each with a score between 0 and 10. An increase in the score indicates an increase in the child's pain level. Pain scores were compared among the video group, card game group, and control group to evaluate the effects of video- and card game-based interventions on pain during peripheral venous catheter placement.
Anxiety During Peripheral Venous Catheter Placement
Time frame: Before the randomized allocation of groups and three minutes after peripheral venous catheter placement
Children's anxiety levels were assessed using the anxiety assessment instrument specified in the study protocol. The scale uses phrases like, "Imagine all your anxious or nervous feelings are at the bottom of the thermometer," "If you're a little anxious or tense, the feelings might go a little higher on the thermometer," and "If you're very, very anxious or tense, the feelings might go all the way to the top." The child is asked to draw a line on the thermometer to indicate how anxious they are "right now." The scale is scored on a scale of 0-10, with an increasing score indicating increased anxiety. Anxiety scores were compared among the video group, card game group, and control group to evaluate the effects of the interventions on children's anxiety levels.
Fear of Nursing Interventions and Materials Used in Hospitals
Time frame: Before the randomized allocation of groups and three minutes after peripheral venous catheter placement
Children's fear of nursing interventions and materials used in hospitals was assessed using the scale for measuring children's fear of nursing interventions and instruments used in hospitals. The scale consists of 18 items, a five-point Likert scale, and two sub-dimensions; the items include images of the materials used. The sub-dimension of fear towards frequently encountered materials includes items 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16, while the sub-dimension of fear towards infrequently encountered materials includes items 1, 2, 6, 9, 10, 11, 17, and 18. In scoring the scale, the child is expected to respond to the image in the relevant item with one of the following options: "(1) I am not afraid, (2) I am slightly afraid, (3) I am afraid, (4) I am very afraid, (5) I am extremely afraid." The scale has no cutoff point, and as tFear scores were compared among the video group, card game group, and control group to evaluate the effects of the interventions on children's fear levels.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 3 Nov 2026.
- Background: PubMed 24891439Birnie KA, Noel M, Parker JA, Chambers CT, Uman LS, Kisely SR, McGrath PJ. Systematic review and meta-analysis of distraction and hypnosis for needle-related pain and distress in children and adolescents. J Pediatr Psychol. 2014 Sep;39(8):783-808. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsu029. Epub 2014 Jun 2.
- Background: PubMed 24602440Bice AA, Gunther M, Wyatt T. Increasing nursing treatment for pediatric procedural pain. Pain Manag Nurs. 2014 Mar;15(1):365-79. doi: 10.1016/j.pmn.2012.06.004. Epub 2012 Aug 18.
- Background: PubMed 39616818Uysal DA, Polat OG, Ugucu G, Karakul A, Olcay AZ, Tuzun O, Yigit R. A comparison of watching cartoons versus playing games as a distraction method on pain and fear of pain during peripheral intravenous cannula placement in children aged 6-9 years: A randomized experimental study. J Pediatr Nurs. 2025 Jan-Feb;80:161-166. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2024.11.023. Epub 2024 Nov 30.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Researcher-Developed Educational Video and Developed Educational Card Game in people with Peripheral Venous Catheterization, run by Selcuk University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 3 Nov 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Physiological Parameters During Peripheral Venous Catheter Placement: Heart Rate (time frame: Before the randomized allocation of groups and three minutes after peripheral venous catheter placement). The study lists 6 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT07914374, which also lists 3 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 3 Nov 2026.