Aplastic AnemiaPhase 2NCT00065260
Rabbit Antithymocyte Globulin Versus Campath-1H for Treating Severe Aplastic Anemia
A Phase 2 study testing Campath-1H, r-ATG and CsA in people with Aplastic Anemia, run by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
Severe aplastic anemia, characterized by pancytopenia and a hypocellular bone marrow, is effectively treated by immunosuppressive therapy, usually a combination of antithymocyte globulin (ATG) and cyclosporine (CsA). Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 2 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Aplastic Anemia
- What is being tested?
- Campath-1H, r-ATG and CsA
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine, Injection or infusion
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 54 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 6 Nov 2003to 5 Feb 2016
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 2 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Severe aplastic anemia confirmed at NIH by:
- Bone marrow cellularity less than 30% (excluding lymphocytes)
- At least two of the following:
- Absolute neutrophil count less than 500/microL;
- Platelet count less than 20,000/ microL;
- Reticulocyte count less than 60,000/ microL.
Show all 10Show fewer
- Severe aplastic anemia refractory to prior course(s) of h-ATG/CsA defined after 3 months from treatment with less or equal to 4 years from receiving h-ATG.
- OR
- Suboptimal response to initial immunosuppression with h-ATG/CsA as defined by platelet and reticulocyte count less than 50,000 /microL at 3 months.
- Age greater than or equal to 2 years of age
Who cannot join
- Diagnosis of Fanconi anemia.
- Evidence of a clonal disorder on cytogenetics. Patients with super severe neutropenia (ANC less than 200/microL) will not be excluded initially if results of cytogenetics are not available or pending. If evidence of a clonal disorder is later identified, the subject will go off study.
- Prior treatment courses with rabbit ATG or high dose cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg or equivalent).
- Infection not adequately responding to appropriate therapy.
- Underlying immunodeficiency state including seropositivity for HIV.
- Failure to discontinue the herbal supplements Echinacea purpurea or Usnea barbata (Old Man's Beard) within two weeks of enrollment.
Show all 12Show fewer
- Previous hypersensitivity to Campath-1H or its components.
- Moribund status or concurrent hepatic, renal, cardiac, neurologic, pulmonary, infectious, or metabolic disease of such severity that it would preclude the patient s ability to tolerate protocol therapy or that death within 7-10 days is likely.
- Potential subjects with cancer who are on active chemotherapeutic treatment or who take drugs with hematological effects will not be eligible.
- Serum creatinine greater than 2.5 mg/dL.
- Current pregnancy or lactation or unwillingness to take contraceptives.
- Inability to understand the investigational nature of the study or give informed consent.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
About this study
Official title: A Randomized Trial of Immunosuppression in Aplastic Anemia Patients With Refractory Pancytopenia or Suboptimal Hematologic Response After h-ATG/CsA Treatment
Severe aplastic anemia, characterized by pancytopenia and a hypocellular bone marrow, is effectively treated by immunosuppressive therapy, usually a combination of antithymocyte globulin (ATG) and cyclosporine (CsA). Survival rates following this regimen are equivalent to those achieved with allogeneic stem cells transplantation. However, approximately 1/3 of patients will not show blood count improvement after ATG/CsA. General experience and small pilot studies have suggested that such patients may benefit from further immunosuppression. Furthermore, analysis of our own clinical data suggest that patients with poor blood count responses to a single course of ATG, even when transfusion-independence is achieved, have a markedly worse prognosis than patients with robust hematologic improvement. The management of such cases is uncertain.
This study will enroll patients who are either refractory to h-ATG (continued severe pancytopenia) or who have only modest improvement in blood counts (weak hematologic responders) to receive a further immunosuppressive therapy, delivered either as rabbit ATG (Thymoglobulin, r-ATG) or a humanized monoclonal antibody to T-cells, alemtuzumab (Campath-1H ). Primary endpoint will be response rate at 3 months defined as no longer meeting criteria for severe aplastic anemia. Relapse, robustness of hematopoietic recovery at 3 months, survival and clonal evolution to paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), myelodysplasia and acute leukemia will be the secondary endpoints.
Read the detailed description
Severe aplastic anemia, characterized by pancytopenia and a hypocellular bone marrow, is effectively treated by immunosuppressive therapy, usually a combination of antithymocyte globulin (ATG) and cyclosporine (CsA). Survival rates following this regimen are equivalent to those achieved with allogeneic stem cells transplantation. However, approximately 1/3 of patients will not show blood count improvement after ATG/CsA. General experience and small pilot studies have suggested that such patients may benefit from further immunosuppression. Furthermore, analysis of our own clinical data suggest that patients with poor blood count responses to a single course of ATG, even when transfusion-independence is achieved, have a markedly worse prognosis than patients with robust hematologic improvement. The management of such cases is uncertain.
This study will enroll patients who are either refractory to h-ATG (continued severe pancytopenia) or who have only modest improvement in blood counts (weak hematologic responders) to receive further immunosuppressive therapy, delivered either as rabbit ATG (Thymoglobulin , r-ATG) or a humanized monoclonal antibody to T-cells, alemtuzumab (Campath-1H ). Primary endpoint will be response rate at 6 months defined as no longer meeting criteria for severe aplastic anemia. Relapse, robustness of hematopoietic recovery at 6 months, survival and clonal evolution to paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), myelodysplasia and acute leukemia will be the secondary endpoints.
- Conditions
- Aplastic Anemia
- Being tested
- Campath-1H, r-ATG, CsA
- Keywords
- Alemtuzumab (Campath-1H), Rabbit ATG, Severe Aplastic Anemia, Cyclosporine, Thrombocytopenia, Leukopenia, Neutropenia, Autoimmunity, Relapse, Anemia
- Medical subject headings
- Anemia, Aplastic, Thrombocytopenia, Leukopenia, Neutropenia, Autoimmune Diseases, Recurrence, Anemia
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Campath-1HDrug
Also called Alemtuzumab
Campath-1H IV 10 days. Adults:10mg/day (children:0.2mg/kg/day).
r-ATGDrug
Also called Rabbit Anti-Thymoglobulin
Rabbit ATG 3.5mg/kg/day for consecutive 5 days
CsADrug
Also called Cyclosporine
CsA 10mg/kg/day orally twice daily for 6 months (15mg/kg/day for children under 12 yrs.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| r-ATG /cyclosporine | Experimental | A randomized trial of rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (r-ATG)/ cyclosporine (CsA) versus Campath-1H in aplastic anemia patients with refractory pancytopenia or suboptimal hematological response after horse ATG treatment. Subjects who receive rabbit ATG/ CsA will be given rabbit ATG 3.5mg/kg/day for 5 days and CsA 10mg/kg/day orally twice daily for 6 months (15mg/kg/day for children under 12 yrs. Subjects who receive Campath-1H will receive an intravenous infusion for 10 days. Adult subjects will receive 10mg/day (children:0.2mg/kg/day). Receives: Drug: r-ATG; Drug: CsA |
| Alemtuzumab (Campath-1H) | Experimental | A randomized trial of rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG)/ cyclosporine (CsA) versus Campath-1H in aplastic anemia patients with refractory pancytopenia or suboptimal hematological response after horse ATG treatment. Subjects who receive rabbit ATG/ CsA will be given rabbit ATG 3.5mg/kg/day for 5 days and CsA 10mg/kg/day orally twice daily for 6 months (15mg/kg/day for children under 12 yrs. Subjects who receive Campath-1H will receive an intravenous infusion for 10 days. Adult subjects will receive 10mg/day (children:0.2mg/kg/day). Receives: Drug: Campath-1H |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Participants no Longer Meeting Criteria for Severe Aplastic Anemia.
Number of participants no longer meeting the criteria for severe aplastic anemia as measured by response to treatment at 6 months
Measured: 6 months
Secondary outcomes (4)
Number of Participants With Robust Hematologic Recovery With Reticulocyte or Platelet Count
Number of participants with robust hematologic recovery with reticulocyte or platelet count ≥ 50,000/uL
Measured: 6 months
Percentage of Cumulative Incidence of Relapse in Participants
Percentage of cumulative incidence of relapse of disease in participants
Measured: 3 year
Percentage of Cumulative Incidence of Clonal Evolution in Participants
Percent of cumulative incidence of clonal evolution in participants to either paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), myelodysplasia or acute leukemia.
Measured: 3 years
Percentage of Participants no Longer Meeting Criteria for Severe Aplastic Anemia.
Percentage of participants no longer meeting the criteria for severe aplastic anemia as measured by response to treatment
Measured: 3 months and 6 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted21 Jul 2003 (estimated)
- Study start6 Nov 2003
- Primary completion29 Dec 2010
- Study completion5 Feb 2016
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (4)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Aplastic AnemiaStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)The sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 54 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Sponsor type
- US National Institutes of Health
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Danielle M Townsley, M.D., Principal investigator, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00065260
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 030249
- Other IDs
- 03-H-0249
- Status last verified
- Jun 2021
- First submitted
- 18 Jul 2003
- Last updated
- 21 Jul 2021
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
Publications
Young NS, Maciejewski J. The pathophysiology of acquired aplastic anemia. N Engl J Med. 1997 May 8;336(19):1365-72. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199705083361906. No abstract available.
PubMed 9134878Mathe G, Amiel JL, Schwarzenberg L, Choay J, Trolard P, Schneider M, Hayat M, Schlumberger JR, Jasmin C. Bone marrow graft in man after conditioning by antilymphocytic serum. Br Med J. 1970 Apr 18;2(5702):131-6. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.5702.131.
PubMed 4909449Stein RS, Means RT Jr, Krantz SB, Flexner JM, Greer JP. Treatment of aplastic anemia with an investigational antilymphocyte serum prepared in rabbits. Am J Med Sci. 1994 Dec;308(6):338-43. doi: 10.1097/00000441-199412000-00005.
PubMed 7985721Scheinberg P, Nunez O, Weinstein B, Scheinberg P, Wu CO, Young NS. Activity of alemtuzumab monotherapy in treatment-naive, relapsed, and refractory severe acquired aplastic anemia. Blood. 2012 Jan 12;119(2):345-54. doi: 10.1182/blood-2011-05-352328. Epub 2011 Nov 8.
PubMed 22067384
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 21 Jul 2021. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Randomized Trial of Immunosuppression in Aplastic Anemia Patients With Refractory Pancytopenia or Suboptimal Hematologic Response After h-ATG/CsA Treatment
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00065260
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 030249
- Conditions
- Aplastic Anemia
- Keywords
- Alemtuzumab (Campath-1H), Rabbit ATG, Severe Aplastic Anemia, Cyclosporine, Thrombocytopenia, Leukopenia, Neutropenia, Autoimmunity
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 54 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)US National Institutes of Health
- Study start
- 6 Nov 2003 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 29 Dec 2010 (actual)
- Study completion
- 5 Feb 2016 (actual)
- First posted
- 21 Jul 2003 (estimated)
- Results
- Posted 3 Mar 2016
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Severe aplastic anemia, characterized by pancytopenia and a hypocellular bone marrow, is effectively treated by immunosuppressive therapy, usually a combination of antithymocyte globulin (ATG) and cyclosporine (CsA). Survival rates following this regimen are equivalent to those achieved with allogeneic stem cells transplantation. However, approximately 1/3 of patients will not show blood count improvement after ATG/CsA. General experience and small pilot studies have suggested that such patients may benefit from further immunosuppression. Furthermore, analysis of our own clinical data suggest that patients with poor blood count responses to a single course of ATG, even when transfusion-independence is achieved, have a markedly worse prognosis than patients with robust hematologic improvement. The management of such cases is uncertain.
This study will enroll patients who are either refractory to h-ATG (continued severe pancytopenia) or who have only modest improvement in blood counts (weak hematologic responders) to receive a further immunosuppressive therapy, delivered either as rabbit ATG (Thymoglobulin, r-ATG) or a humanized monoclonal antibody to T-cells, alemtuzumab (Campath-1H ). Primary endpoint will be response rate at 3 months defined as no longer meeting criteria for severe aplastic anemia. Relapse, robustness of hematopoietic recovery at 3 months, survival and clonal evolution to paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), myelodysplasia and acute leukemia will be the secondary endpoints.
Detailed description
Severe aplastic anemia, characterized by pancytopenia and a hypocellular bone marrow, is effectively treated by immunosuppressive therapy, usually a combination of antithymocyte globulin (ATG) and cyclosporine (CsA). Survival rates following this regimen are equivalent to those achieved with allogeneic stem cells transplantation. However, approximately 1/3 of patients will not show blood count improvement after ATG/CsA. General experience and small pilot studies have suggested that such patients may benefit from further immunosuppression. Furthermore, analysis of our own clinical data suggest that patients with poor blood count responses to a single course of ATG, even when transfusion-independence is achieved, have a markedly worse prognosis than patients with robust hematologic improvement. The management of such cases is uncertain.
This study will enroll patients who are either refractory to h-ATG (continued severe pancytopenia) or who have only modest improvement in blood counts (weak hematologic responders) to receive further immunosuppressive therapy, delivered either as rabbit ATG (Thymoglobulin , r-ATG) or a humanized monoclonal antibody to T-cells, alemtuzumab (Campath-1H ). Primary endpoint will be response rate at 6 months defined as no longer meeting criteria for severe aplastic anemia. Relapse, robustness of hematopoietic recovery at 6 months, survival and clonal evolution to paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), myelodysplasia and acute leukemia will be the secondary endpoints.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| r-ATG /cyclosporine | Experimental | Drug: r-ATG, Drug: CsAA randomized trial of rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (r-ATG)/ cyclosporine (CsA) versus Campath-1H in aplastic anemia patients with refractory pancytopenia or suboptimal hematological response after horse ATG treatment. Subjects who receive rabbit ATG/ CsA will be given rabbit ATG 3.5mg/kg/day for 5 days and CsA 10mg/kg/day orally twice daily for 6 months (15mg/kg/day for children under 12 yrs. Subjects who receive Campath-1H will receive an intravenous infusion for 10 days. Adult subjects will receive 10mg/day (children:0.2mg/kg/day). |
| Alemtuzumab (Campath-1H) | Experimental | Drug: Campath-1HA randomized trial of rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG)/ cyclosporine (CsA) versus Campath-1H in aplastic anemia patients with refractory pancytopenia or suboptimal hematological response after horse ATG treatment. Subjects who receive rabbit ATG/ CsA will be given rabbit ATG 3.5mg/kg/day for 5 days and CsA 10mg/kg/day orally twice daily for 6 months (15mg/kg/day for children under 12 yrs. Subjects who receive Campath-1H will receive an intravenous infusion for 10 days. Adult subjects will receive 10mg/day (children:0.2mg/kg/day). |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 2 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (10 listed)
- Bone marrow cellularity less than 30% (excluding lymphocytes)
- Absolute neutrophil count less than 500/microL;
- Platelet count less than 20,000/ microL;
- Reticulocyte count less than 60,000/ microL.
- Severe aplastic anemia refractory to prior course(s) of h-ATG/CsA defined after 3 months from treatment with less or equal to 4 years from receiving h-ATG.
Key exclusion criteria (12 listed)
- Diagnosis of Fanconi anemia.
- Evidence of a clonal disorder on cytogenetics. Patients with super severe neutropenia (ANC less than 200/microL) will not be excluded initially if results of cytogenetics are not available or pending. If evidence of a clonal disorder is later identified, the subject will go off study.
- Prior treatment courses with rabbit ATG or high dose cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg or equivalent).
- Infection not adequately responding to appropriate therapy.
- Underlying immunodeficiency state including seropositivity for HIV.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Campath-1HAlso: AlemtuzumabCampath-1H IV 10 days. Adults:10mg/day (children:0.2mg/kg/day). | Drug | Alemtuzumab (Campath-1H) |
| r-ATGAlso: Rabbit Anti-ThymoglobulinRabbit ATG 3.5mg/kg/day for consecutive 5 days | Drug | r-ATG /cyclosporine |
| CsAAlso: CyclosporineCsA 10mg/kg/day orally twice daily for 6 months (15mg/kg/day for children under 12 yrs. | Drug | r-ATG /cyclosporine |
Primary outcome
Participants no Longer Meeting Criteria for Severe Aplastic Anemia.
Time frame: 6 months
Number of participants no longer meeting the criteria for severe aplastic anemia as measured by response to treatment at 6 months
4 secondary outcomes
Number of Participants With Robust Hematologic Recovery With Reticulocyte or Platelet Count
Time frame: 6 months
Percentage of Cumulative Incidence of Relapse in Participants
Time frame: 3 year
Percentage of Cumulative Incidence of Clonal Evolution in Participants
Time frame: 3 years
Percentage of Participants no Longer Meeting Criteria for Severe Aplastic Anemia.
Time frame: 3 months and 6 months
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 21 Jul 2021.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Background: PubMed 9134878Young NS, Maciejewski J. The pathophysiology of acquired aplastic anemia. N Engl J Med. 1997 May 8;336(19):1365-72. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199705083361906. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 4909449Mathe G, Amiel JL, Schwarzenberg L, Choay J, Trolard P, Schneider M, Hayat M, Schlumberger JR, Jasmin C. Bone marrow graft in man after conditioning by antilymphocytic serum. Br Med J. 1970 Apr 18;2(5702):131-6. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.5702.131.
- Background: PubMed 7985721Stein RS, Means RT Jr, Krantz SB, Flexner JM, Greer JP. Treatment of aplastic anemia with an investigational antilymphocyte serum prepared in rabbits. Am J Med Sci. 1994 Dec;308(6):338-43. doi: 10.1097/00000441-199412000-00005.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 22067384Scheinberg P, Nunez O, Weinstein B, Scheinberg P, Wu CO, Young NS. Activity of alemtuzumab monotherapy in treatment-naive, relapsed, and refractory severe acquired aplastic anemia. Blood. 2012 Jan 12;119(2):345-54. doi: 10.1182/blood-2011-05-352328. Epub 2011 Nov 8.
- NIH Clinical Center Detailed Web PageLink provided by the sponsor.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Danielle M Townsley, M.D. principal investigator
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 2 study testing Campath-1H, r-ATG and CsA in people with Aplastic Anemia, run by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 10 inclusion and 12 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 21 Jul 2021. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 3 Mar 2016). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Participants no Longer Meeting Criteria for Severe Aplastic Anemia. (time frame: 6 months). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT00065260, which also lists 4 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 21 Jul 2021; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 26 Oct 2026.