Lung CancerPhase 2NCT00410059
BATTLE Program: Erlotinib in Previously Treated Subjects With Advanced NSCLC
A Phase 2 study testing Erlotinib in people with Lung Cancer, run by M.D. Anderson Cancer Center at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The goal of this clinical research study is to learn if erlotinib hydrochloride (OSI-774, Tarceva®) can help to control NSCLC. The safety of this drug will also be studied, as well as the drug's effect on different cells in the body and the participants' overall response. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Lung Cancer
- What is being tested?
- Erlotinib
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 59 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- Nov 2006to Jul 2016
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- The patient has a diagnosis of pathologically confirmed NSCLC by tumor biopsy and/or fine-needle aspiration.
- The patient has a diagnosis of either stage IIIB, stage IV, or advanced, incurable NSCLC, and failed at least one front-line metastatic NSCLC chemotherapy regimen. (Patients who have failed adjuvant or locally advanced therapy within 6 months are also eligible to participate in study).
- The patient has uni-dimensionally measurable NSCLC.
- Karnofsky performance status >/= 60 or ECOG performance status 0-2
- The patient has biopsy accessible tumor.
- The patient has adequate hematologic function as defined by an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >/= 1,500/mm^3, platelet count >/= 100,000/mm^3, WBC >/= 3,000/ mm^3, and hemoglobin >/= 9 g/dL.
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- The patient has adequate hepatic function as defined by a total bilirubin level </= 1.5 X the upper limit of normal, and alkaline phosphatase, AST or ALT </= 2.5 X the upper limit of normal.
- The patient has adequate renal function as defined by a serum creatinine level </= 1.5 mg/dL or a calculated creatinine clearance of >/= 60cc/minute.
- The patient has PT < 1.5 x upper limit of normal
- If patient has brain metastasis, they must have been stable (treated or asymptomatic) for at least 4 weeks after radiation, if treated with radiation, and not have used steroids for at least 1 week. Re-imaging performed after 2 weeks, upon completion of radiation therapy.
- The patient is >/= 18 years of age.
- The patient has signed informed consent.
- The patient is eligible if disease free from a previously treated malignancy, other than a previous NSCLC, for greater than two years. Patients with a history of prior basal cell carcinoma of the skin or pre-invasive carcinoma of the cervix are exempt from exclusion.
- Women of childbearing potential must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry and for the duration of tudy participation. Childbearing potential will be defined as women who have had menses within the past 12 months,who have not had tubal ligation or bilateral oophorectomy.Should a woman become pregnant or suspect that she is pregnant while participating in this study,she should inform her treating physician immediately.The patient,if a man,agrees to use effective contraception or abstinence.
- Subject must be considered legally capable of providing his or her own consent for participation in this study.
Who cannot join
- The patient has received prior investigational therapy, chemotherapy, surgery, or radiotherapy within 4 weeks of initiating study drug
- The patient has undergone prior thoracic or abdominal surgery within 28 days of study entry, excluding prior diagnostic biopsy.
- The patient has received radiation therapy to the measurable tumor within 6 months. Patients are allowed to have local irradiation for the management of tumor-related symptoms (bones, brain). However, if a patient has active new disease growing in the previously irradiated site, the patient will be eligible to participate in the study.
- The patient has a significant medical history or unstable medical condition (unstable systemic disease: congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association Functional Classification class II or worse), recent myocardial infarction within 3 months, unstable angina, active infection (i.e. currently treated with antibiotics, uncontrolled hypertension). Patients with controlled diabetes will be allowed. Patient must be able to undergo procedure for tissue acquisition.
- The patient has uncontrolled seizure disorder, active neurologic disease, or neuropathy >/= grade 2. Patients with meningeal or CNS involvement by tumor are eligible for the study if the above exclusion criteria are not met.
- The patient is pregnant (confirmed by serum b-HCG if applicable) or is breastfeeding.
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- Any condition that is unstable or could jeopardize the safety of the patient and its compliance in the study, in the investigator's judgment.
- The patient is actively taking herbal remedies or over-the-counter biologics (e.g., shark cartilage, high dose antioxidants).
- Patients will be allowed to have prior biologic (i.e. VEGF, EGFR, etc.) therapy. However, the patient will be excluded from a given study if he/she has received the same therapy as the clinical trial (i.e. If a patient has been previously treated with bevacizumab, they are allowed to enroll in any of the 4 studies. If a patient has been previously treated with erlotinib, they are excluded from the clinical trials with erlotinib). In addition, if a patient has been previously treated with gefitinib (Iressa), they are excluded from the clinical trials with erlotinib.
- The patient has dysphagia. A patient who is unable to swallow intact capsules must be able to swallow capsules dissolved in water.
- The patient has active gastrointestinal disease or a disorder that alters gastrointestinal motility or absorption (i.e., lack of integrity of the gastrointestinal tract such as a significant surgical resection of the stomach or small bowel).
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Houston, Texas, 77030
About this study
Official title: A Phase II, Open Label Study of Erlotinib (Tarceva) in Previously Treated Subjects With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
The goal of this clinical research study is to learn if erlotinib hydrochloride (OSI-774, Tarceva®) can help to control NSCLC. The safety of this drug will also be studied, as well as the drug's effect on different cells in the body and the participants' overall response.
Read the detailed description
Erlotinib hydrochloride is designed to block the activity of an enzyme found on the surface of many tumor cells that may slow tumor growth.
In order to enroll in this study, you must also be enrolled in Protocol 2005-0823: A Biomarker-integrated study in Chemorefractory Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Protocol 2005-0823 is the screening study in a group of studies called the BATTLE program. Participants in Protocol 2005-0823 are assigned to one of the research studies. The results of your tumor analysis helped the study doctor determine to assign you to this particular research study.
While on study, you will take erlotinib hydrochloride by mouth once a day. Tablets should be taken preferably in the morning 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal with no more than 7 ounces of water. If you are unable to swallow tablets, you may dissolve the tablets in distilled water. If you forget to take a dose, the last missed dose should be taken as soon as you remember, as long as it is at least 12 hours before the next dose is due to be taken. The next day, you should take the scheduled dose at the usual time. Every attempt should be made to keep from vomiting the medication for at least 30 minutes after taking it. For example, if you feel nauseated before or after taking the erlotinib, anti-nausea medications should be used. The dose of erlotinib hydrochloride may be repeated if vomiting occurs within 30 minutes of taking the tablet. Four (4) weeks is considered 1 treatment cycle.
Every 4 weeks, your complete medical history will be recorded and you will have a physical exam, including measurement of vital signs (blood pressure, pulse, temperature, breathing rate) and weight. You will have blood drawn (about 2 teaspoons) for routine tests. You will have a performance status evaluation (questions about your ability to perform everyday activities). Your study doctor will ask you about any medications you are taking and your smoking history. Every 2 cycles, the tumor will be evaluated by chest x-ray and computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans to evaluate the status of the disease. If you are taking warfarin, you will have blood drawn (about 1-2 teaspoons) to check your blood clotting function weekly for the first 5 weeks of treatment and then every cycle after that.
You may continue receiving erlotinib hydrochloride for as long as the cancer responds to study treatment. Your doctor may decide to take you off this study if you experience intolerable side effects, your medical condition gets worse, or you are unable to comply with study requirements. If you stop study treatment, you may be able to enroll in 1 of the remaining 3 protocols of the BATTLE program. You should discuss this with your doctor.
After you have stopped taking the study treatment, you will have a physical exam, including measurement of vital signs. Blood (about 2 teaspoons) and urine will be collected for routine tests. You will also have blood drawn (about 1-2 teaspoons) to check your blood clotting function. You will have a performance status evaluation, a chest x-ray, and a CT or MRI scan. Following this evaluation, you will be contacted by telephone every 3 months for up to 3 years, to see how you are doing.
You have the right to leave the study at any time. If you choose to stop participating in this study, you should contact the study chair and/or research nurse. Your doctor may decide to take you off this study if your medical condition gets worse and/or you are unable to comply with study requirements.
This is an investigational study. Erlotinib hydrochloride is approved by the FDA for treatment of NSCLC in patients who have relapsed. Up to 72 patients will take part in this study. All will be enrolled at M. D. Anderson.
- Conditions
- Lung Cancer
- Being tested
- Erlotinib
- Keywords
- Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Lung Cancer, NSCLC, Erlotinib, Tarceva, OSI-774, Battle Program
- Medical subject headings
- Lung Neoplasms, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
ErlotinibDrug
Also called Tarceva, OSI-774, Erlotinib Hydrochloride
150 mg by mouth daily x 28 days
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Erlotinib | Experimental | Erlotinib 150 mg by mouth daily x 28 days. Receives: Drug: Erlotinib |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
8 Week Progression-Free Survival Rate (i.e. Disease Control Rate)
Progression-free survival (i.e. disease control rate) defined as percentage of participants without progression at 8 weeks, evaluation after the second cycle of therapy (i.e., 8 weeks), with confirmation of efficacy 2 cycles after its initial assessment. A "success" or "disease control" to treatment is defined as a participant being progression free at 8 weeks after randomization.
Measured: Radiographic evaluation after cycle 2 (8 weeks of therapy)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted12 Dec 2006 (estimated)
- Study startNov 2006
- Primary completionJul 2016
- Study completionJul 2016
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (3)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Lung CancerStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by M.D. Anderson Cancer CenterThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 59 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- United States Department of Defense
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Erminia Massarelli, MD, PHD, Principal investigator, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00410059
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2005-0824
- Other IDs
- NCI-2012-02083, W81XWH-06-1-0303
- Status last verified
- Jul 2017
- First submitted
- 8 Dec 2006
- Last updated
- 2 Aug 2017
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
Publications
Gong K, Guo G, Beckley N, Zhang Y, Yang X, Sharma M, Habib AA. Tumor necrosis factor in lung cancer: Complex roles in biology and resistance to treatment. Neoplasia. 2021 Feb;23(2):189-196. doi: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.12.006. Epub 2020 Dec 26.
PubMed 33373873Tam AL, Kim ES, Lee JJ, Ensor JE, Hicks ME, Tang X, Blumenschein GR, Alden CM, Erasmus JJ, Tsao A, Lippman SM, Hong WK, Wistuba II, Gupta S. Feasibility of image-guided transthoracic core-needle biopsy in the BATTLE lung trial. J Thorac Oncol. 2013 Apr;8(4):436-42. doi: 10.1097/JTO.0b013e318287c91e.
PubMed 23442309Kim ES, Herbst RS, Wistuba II, Lee JJ, Blumenschein GR Jr, Tsao A, Stewart DJ, Hicks ME, Erasmus J Jr, Gupta S, Alden CM, Liu S, Tang X, Khuri FR, Tran HT, Johnson BE, Heymach JV, Mao L, Fossella F, Kies MS, Papadimitrakopoulou V, Davis SE, Lippman SM, Hong WK. The BATTLE trial: personalizing therapy for lung cancer. Cancer Discov. 2011 Jun;1(1):44-53. doi: 10.1158/2159-8274.CD-10-0010. Epub 2011 Jun 1.
PubMed 22586319
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 2 Aug 2017. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Phase II, Open Label Study of Erlotinib (Tarceva) in Previously Treated Subjects With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00410059
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2005-0824
- Conditions
- Lung Cancer
- Keywords
- Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Lung Cancer, NSCLC, Erlotinib, Tarceva, OSI-774, Battle Program
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 59 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- M.D. Anderson Cancer CenterUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- United States Department of Defense
- Study start
- Nov 2006
- Primary completion
- Jul 2016 (actual)
- Study completion
- Jul 2016 (actual)
- First posted
- 12 Dec 2006 (estimated)
- Results
- Posted 2 Aug 2017
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The goal of this clinical research study is to learn if erlotinib hydrochloride (OSI-774, Tarceva®) can help to control NSCLC. The safety of this drug will also be studied, as well as the drug's effect on different cells in the body and the participants' overall response.
Detailed description
Erlotinib hydrochloride is designed to block the activity of an enzyme found on the surface of many tumor cells that may slow tumor growth.
In order to enroll in this study, you must also be enrolled in Protocol 2005-0823: A Biomarker-integrated study in Chemorefractory Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Protocol 2005-0823 is the screening study in a group of studies called the BATTLE program. Participants in Protocol 2005-0823 are assigned to one of the research studies. The results of your tumor analysis helped the study doctor determine to assign you to this particular research study.
While on study, you will take erlotinib hydrochloride by mouth once a day. Tablets should be taken preferably in the morning 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal with no more than 7 ounces of water. If you are unable to swallow tablets, you may dissolve the tablets in distilled water. If you forget to take a dose, the last missed dose should be taken as soon as you remember, as long as it is at least 12 hours before the next dose is due to be taken. The next day, you should take the scheduled dose at the usual time. Every attempt should be made to keep from vomiting the medication for at least 30 minutes after taking it. For example, if you feel nauseated before or after taking the erlotinib, anti-nausea medications should be used. The dose of erlotinib hydrochloride may be repeated if vomiting occurs within 30 minutes of taking the tablet. Four (4) weeks is considered 1 treatment cycle.
Every 4 weeks, your complete medical history will be recorded and you will have a physical exam, including measurement of vital signs (blood pressure, pulse, temperature, breathing rate) and weight. You will have blood drawn (about 2 teaspoons) for routine tests. You will have a performance status evaluation (questions about your ability to perform everyday activities). Your study doctor will ask you about any medications you are taking and your smoking history. Every 2 cycles, the tumor will be evaluated by chest x-ray and computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans to evaluate the status of the disease. If you are taking warfarin, you will have blood drawn (about 1-2 teaspoons) to check your blood clotting function weekly for the first 5 weeks of treatment and then every cycle after that.
You may continue receiving erlotinib hydrochloride for as long as the cancer responds to study treatment. Your doctor may decide to take you off this study if you experience intolerable side effects, your medical condition gets worse, or you are unable to comply with study requirements. If you stop study treatment, you may be able to enroll in 1 of the remaining 3 protocols of the BATTLE program. You should discuss this with your doctor.
After you have stopped taking the study treatment, you will have a physical exam, including measurement of vital signs. Blood (about 2 teaspoons) and urine will be collected for routine tests. You will also have blood drawn (about 1-2 teaspoons) to check your blood clotting function. You will have a performance status evaluation, a chest x-ray, and a CT or MRI scan. Following this evaluation, you will be contacted by telephone every 3 months for up to 3 years, to see how you are doing.
You have the right to leave the study at any time. If you choose to stop participating in this study, you should contact the study chair and/or research nurse. Your doctor may decide to take you off this study if your medical condition gets worse and/or you are unable to comply with study requirements.
This is an investigational study. Erlotinib hydrochloride is approved by the FDA for treatment of NSCLC in patients who have relapsed. Up to 72 patients will take part in this study. All will be enrolled at M. D. Anderson.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Erlotinib | Experimental | Drug: ErlotinibErlotinib 150 mg by mouth daily x 28 days. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (15 listed)
- The patient has a diagnosis of pathologically confirmed NSCLC by tumor biopsy and/or fine-needle aspiration.
- The patient has a diagnosis of either stage IIIB, stage IV, or advanced, incurable NSCLC, and failed at least one front-line metastatic NSCLC chemotherapy regimen. (Patients who have failed adjuvant or locally advanced therapy within 6 months are also eligible to participate in study).
- The patient has uni-dimensionally measurable NSCLC.
- Karnofsky performance status >/= 60 or ECOG performance status 0-2
- The patient has biopsy accessible tumor.
Key exclusion criteria (11 listed)
- The patient has received prior investigational therapy, chemotherapy, surgery, or radiotherapy within 4 weeks of initiating study drug
- The patient has undergone prior thoracic or abdominal surgery within 28 days of study entry, excluding prior diagnostic biopsy.
- The patient has received radiation therapy to the measurable tumor within 6 months. Patients are allowed to have local irradiation for the management of tumor-related symptoms (bones, brain). However, if a patient has active new disease growing in the previously irradiated site, the patient will be eligible to participate in the study.
- The patient has a significant medical history or unstable medical condition (unstable systemic disease: congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association Functional Classification class II or worse), recent myocardial infarction within 3 months, unstable angina, active infection (i.e. currently treated with antibiotics, uncontrolled hypertension). Patients with controlled diabetes will be allowed. Patient must be able to undergo procedure for tissue acquisition.
- The patient has uncontrolled seizure disorder, active neurologic disease, or neuropathy >/= grade 2. Patients with meningeal or CNS involvement by tumor are eligible for the study if the above exclusion criteria are not met.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| ErlotinibAlso: Tarceva, OSI-774, Erlotinib Hydrochloride150 mg by mouth daily x 28 days | Drug | Erlotinib |
Primary outcome
8 Week Progression-Free Survival Rate (i.e. Disease Control Rate)
Time frame: Radiographic evaluation after cycle 2 (8 weeks of therapy)
Progression-free survival (i.e. disease control rate) defined as percentage of participants without progression at 8 weeks, evaluation after the second cycle of therapy (i.e., 8 weeks), with confirmation of efficacy 2 cycles after its initial assessment. A "success" or "disease control" to treatment is defined as a participant being progression free at 8 weeks after randomization.
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 2 Aug 2017.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 33373873Gong K, Guo G, Beckley N, Zhang Y, Yang X, Sharma M, Habib AA. Tumor necrosis factor in lung cancer: Complex roles in biology and resistance to treatment. Neoplasia. 2021 Feb;23(2):189-196. doi: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.12.006. Epub 2020 Dec 26.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 23442309Tam AL, Kim ES, Lee JJ, Ensor JE, Hicks ME, Tang X, Blumenschein GR, Alden CM, Erasmus JJ, Tsao A, Lippman SM, Hong WK, Wistuba II, Gupta S. Feasibility of image-guided transthoracic core-needle biopsy in the BATTLE lung trial. J Thorac Oncol. 2013 Apr;8(4):436-42. doi: 10.1097/JTO.0b013e318287c91e.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 22586319Kim ES, Herbst RS, Wistuba II, Lee JJ, Blumenschein GR Jr, Tsao A, Stewart DJ, Hicks ME, Erasmus J Jr, Gupta S, Alden CM, Liu S, Tang X, Khuri FR, Tran HT, Johnson BE, Heymach JV, Mao L, Fossella F, Kies MS, Papadimitrakopoulou V, Davis SE, Lippman SM, Hong WK. The BATTLE trial: personalizing therapy for lung cancer. Cancer Discov. 2011 Jun;1(1):44-53. doi: 10.1158/2159-8274.CD-10-0010. Epub 2011 Jun 1.
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center WebsiteLink provided by the sponsor.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Erminia Massarelli, MD, PHD principal investigator
M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 2 study testing Erlotinib in people with Lung Cancer, run by M.D. Anderson Cancer Center at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 15 inclusion and 11 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 2 Aug 2017. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 2 Aug 2017). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
8 Week Progression-Free Survival Rate (i.e. Disease Control Rate) (time frame: Radiographic evaluation after cycle 2 (8 weeks of therapy)). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT00410059, which also lists 3 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 2 Aug 2017.