ObesityCALMMNCT00643344
Craving and Lifestyle Management Through Mindfulness Pilot Study
A study testing Craving and Lifestyle Management through Mindfulness(CALMM+) in people with Obesity, run by University of California, San Francisco at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The purpose of this study is to determine whether an innovative program that combines mindfulness-based stress reduction and mindful eating practices with diet and exercise guidelines (CALMM+ intervention) will lead to greater weight loss and more favorable body fat distribution than a conventional weight-loss… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 50 years, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Obesity
- What is being tested?
- Craving and Lifestyle Management through Mindfulness(CALMM+)
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 15 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- Jan 2008to Dec 2008
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 50 years
- Women only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- healthy female
- aged 18-50
- BMI range 25-45
- negative urine glucose test
- must be able to provide informed consent
Who cannot join
- male
- age less than 18 or menopausal
- clinical diagnosis of eating disorder, diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome, and coronary artery disease
- history of anginal chest pain without adequate evaluation
- substance abuse, mental health or medical condition that might interfere with study participation
- use of medications containing corticosteroids
Show all 12Show fewer
- breastfeeding
- non- English speaker
- pregnant or planning to get pregnant in the next 6 months
- previous Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction training
- initiation of new class of psychiatric medications in past 2 months
- currently on a weight loss diet
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
UCSF CTSI Clinical Research Center
San Francisco, California, 94120
About this study
The purpose of this study is to determine whether an innovative program that combines mindfulness-based stress reduction and mindful eating practices with diet and exercise guidelines (CALMM+ intervention) will lead to greater weight loss and more favorable body fat distribution than a conventional weight-loss program(Diet-Ex intervention).
Read the detailed description
Obesity is an important growing epidemic, with about 65% of Americans overweight (Flegal, Carroll et al. 2002). Psychological stress is widely cited anecdotally as a factor that causes people to engage in overeating, and studies provide strong evidence that stress can promote obesity. Stress induces selective preference of sweet, high-fat food and increases visceral fat depots. Chronic stress has also been shown to impair immune responses, including decreasing immune responses to vaccination. The proposed study will pilot test an innovative program that combines stress reduction and mindful eating practices with diet and exercise, Craving and Lifestyle Management through Mindfulness (CALMM+). This program will be compared with diet and exercise intervention alone (Diet-Ex). Approximately 20 persons will be randomized to the two groups, which will meet weekly for 16 weeks. Key outcome measures are weight, fat distribution (as measured by waist/hip ratio), perceived stress, and mood. These measures will be assessed in visits performed at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Data from this study are intended to provide pilot data for use in planning a larger randomized, controlled trial that will compare the effects of the CALMM+ and Diet-Ex interventions on the metabolic and psychological processes assessed in this pilot study.
- Conditions
- Obesity
- Being tested
- Craving and Lifestyle Management through Mindfulness(CALMM+)
- Keywords
- obesity, mindfulness based stress reduction, diet and exercise, mindful eating, stress
- Medical subject headings
- Obesity, Motor Activity
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Craving and Lifestyle Management through Mindfulness(CALMM+)Behavioural
Also called CALMM2
MBSR is a program that provides systematic training in mindfulness meditation and gentle yoga as a self-regulation approach to reduce stress and improve medical and psychological symptoms. In this randomized controlled pilot study, we aim to test a 16-week intervention that further integrates diet and exercise into the CALMM program (CALMM+). This novel program, which includes elements drawn from MBSR, will be actively compared with the conventional diet and exercise group(TLC). Both groups will receive about 7 hours of in-class and out-of-class activities per week. The activities includes exercise, keeping dietary records, and stress reduction practices (if they are assigned to the intervention group).
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| CALMM+ | Experimental | Participants receiving CALMM intervention, ie program that combines stress reduction, mindful eating practices with diet and exercise Receives: Behavioral: Craving and Lifestyle Management through Mindfulness(CALMM+) |
| TLC | Active comparator | Participants receiving diet and exercise classes only Receives: Behavioral: Craving and Lifestyle Management through Mindfulness(CALMM+) |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
weight
Measured: baseline, 3 month, and 6 month assessments
Secondary outcomes (3)
fat distribution
Measured: baseline, 3 month, and 6 month assessments
perceived stress
Measured: baseline, 3 month, and 6 month assessments
mood
Measured: baseline, 3 month, and 6 month assessments
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted26 Mar 2008 (estimated)
- Study startJan 2008
- Primary completionOct 2008
- Study completionDec 2008
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (12)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for ObesityStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of California, San FranciscoThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 15 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of California, San Francisco
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH), Mount Zion Health Fund, Robert Deidrick Fund
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Frederick Hecht, MD, Principal investigator, UCSF Osher Center for Integrative MedicineElissa Epel, PhD, Principal investigator, UCSF Department of PsychiatryJennifer Daubenmier, PhD, Principal investigator, UCSF Osher Center for Integrative Medicine
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00643344
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- H7429-31882-01
- Other IDs
- Protocol 5030
- Acronym
- CALMM
- Status last verified
- Oct 2014
- First submitted
- 24 Mar 2008
- Last updated
- 28 Oct 2014
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
Publications
Baer RA, Smith GT, Allen KB. Assessment of mindfulness by self-report: the Kentucky inventory of mindfulness skills. Assessment. 2004 Sep;11(3):191-206. doi: 10.1177/1073191104268029.
PubMed 15358875Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Ogden CL, Johnson CL. Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999-2000. JAMA. 2002 Oct 9;288(14):1723-7. doi: 10.1001/jama.288.14.1723.
PubMed 12365955Epel ES, McEwen B, Seeman T, Matthews K, Castellazzo G, Brownell KD, Bell J, Ickovics JR. Stress and body shape: stress-induced cortisol secretion is consistently greater among women with central fat. Psychosom Med. 2000 Sep-Oct;62(5):623-32. doi: 10.1097/00006842-200009000-00005.
PubMed 11020091Dallman MF, Pecoraro N, Akana SF, La Fleur SE, Gomez F, Houshyar H, Bell ME, Bhatnagar S, Laugero KD, Manalo S. Chronic stress and obesity: a new view of "comfort food". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Sep 30;100(20):11696-701. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1934666100. Epub 2003 Sep 15.
PubMed 12975524Oliver G, Wardle J, Gibson EL. Stress and food choice: a laboratory study. Psychosom Med. 2000 Nov-Dec;62(6):853-65. doi: 10.1097/00006842-200011000-00016.
PubMed 11139006Boggiano MM, Chandler PC, Viana JB, Oswald KD, Maldonado CR, Wauford PK. Combined dieting and stress evoke exaggerated responses to opioids in binge-eating rats. Behav Neurosci. 2005 Oct;119(5):1207-14. doi: 10.1037/0735-7044.119.5.1207.
PubMed 16300427Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, Bautista L, Franzosi MG, Commerford P, Lang CC, Rumboldt Z, Onen CL, Lisheng L, Tanomsup S, Wangai P Jr, Razak F, Sharma AM, Anand SS; INTERHEART Study Investigators. Obesity and the risk of myocardial infarction in 27,000 participants from 52 countries: a case-control study. Lancet. 2005 Nov 5;366(9497):1640-9. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67663-5.
PubMed 16271645Epel E, Lapidus R, McEwen B, Brownell K. Stress may add bite to appetite in women: a laboratory study of stress-induced cortisol and eating behavior. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2001 Jan;26(1):37-49. doi: 10.1016/s0306-4530(00)00035-4.
PubMed 11070333Epel E, Jimenez S, Brownell K, Stroud L, Stoney C, Niaura R. Are stress eaters at risk for the metabolic syndrome? Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004 Dec;1032:208-10. doi: 10.1196/annals.1314.022.
PubMed 15677412Rebuffe-Scrive M, Walsh UA, McEwen B, Rodin J. Effect of chronic stress and exogenous glucocorticoids on regional fat distribution and metabolism. Physiol Behav. 1992 Sep;52(3):583-90. doi: 10.1016/0031-9384(92)90351-2.
PubMed 1409924Rosmond R. Role of stress in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2005 Jan;30(1):1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2004.05.007.
PubMed 15358437Roemmich JN, Wright SM, Epstein LH. Dietary restraint and stress-induced snacking in youth. Obes Res. 2002 Nov;10(11):1120-6. doi: 10.1038/oby.2002.152.
PubMed 12429875
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 28 Oct 2014. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Craving and Lifestyle Management Through Mindfulness Pilot Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00643344
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- CALMM / H7429-31882-01
- Conditions
- Obesity
- Keywords
- obesity, mindfulness based stress reduction, diet and exercise, mindful eating, stress
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 15 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of California, San FranciscoUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH), Mount Zion Health Fund, Robert Deidrick Fund
- Study start
- Jan 2008
- Primary completion
- Oct 2008 (actual)
- Study completion
- Dec 2008 (actual)
- First posted
- 26 Mar 2008 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of this study is to determine whether an innovative program that combines mindfulness-based stress reduction and mindful eating practices with diet and exercise guidelines (CALMM+ intervention) will lead to greater weight loss and more favorable body fat distribution than a conventional weight-loss program(Diet-Ex intervention).
Detailed description
Obesity is an important growing epidemic, with about 65% of Americans overweight (Flegal, Carroll et al. 2002). Psychological stress is widely cited anecdotally as a factor that causes people to engage in overeating, and studies provide strong evidence that stress can promote obesity. Stress induces selective preference of sweet, high-fat food and increases visceral fat depots. Chronic stress has also been shown to impair immune responses, including decreasing immune responses to vaccination. The proposed study will pilot test an innovative program that combines stress reduction and mindful eating practices with diet and exercise, Craving and Lifestyle Management through Mindfulness (CALMM+). This program will be compared with diet and exercise intervention alone (Diet-Ex). Approximately 20 persons will be randomized to the two groups, which will meet weekly for 16 weeks. Key outcome measures are weight, fat distribution (as measured by waist/hip ratio), perceived stress, and mood. These measures will be assessed in visits performed at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Data from this study are intended to provide pilot data for use in planning a larger randomized, controlled trial that will compare the effects of the CALMM+ and Diet-Ex interventions on the metabolic and psychological processes assessed in this pilot study.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| CALMM+ | Experimental | Behavioral: Craving and Lifestyle Management through Mindfulness(CALMM+)Participants receiving CALMM intervention, ie program that combines stress reduction, mindful eating practices with diet and exercise |
| TLC | Active comparator | Behavioral: Craving and Lifestyle Management through Mindfulness(CALMM+)Participants receiving diet and exercise classes only |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 50 years
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- healthy female
- aged 18-50
- BMI range 25-45
- negative urine glucose test
- must be able to provide informed consent
Key exclusion criteria (12 listed)
- male
- age less than 18 or menopausal
- clinical diagnosis of eating disorder, diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome, and coronary artery disease
- history of anginal chest pain without adequate evaluation
- substance abuse, mental health or medical condition that might interfere with study participation
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Craving and Lifestyle Management through Mindfulness(CALMM+)Also: CALMM2MBSR is a program that provides systematic training in mindfulness meditation and gentle yoga as a self-regulation approach to reduce stress and improve medical and psychological symptoms. In this randomized controlled pilot study, we aim to test a 16-week intervention that further integrates diet and exercise into the CALMM program (CALMM+). This novel program, which includes elements drawn from MBSR, will be actively compared with the conventional diet and exercise group(TLC). Both groups will receive about 7 hours of in-class and out-of-class activities per week. The activities includes exercise, keeping dietary records, and stress reduction practices (if they are assigned to the intervention group). | Behavioural | CALMM+, TLC |
Primary outcome
weight
Time frame: baseline, 3 month, and 6 month assessments
3 secondary outcomes
fat distribution
Time frame: baseline, 3 month, and 6 month assessments
perceived stress
Time frame: baseline, 3 month, and 6 month assessments
mood
Time frame: baseline, 3 month, and 6 month assessments
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 28 Oct 2014.
- Background: PubMed 15358875Baer RA, Smith GT, Allen KB. Assessment of mindfulness by self-report: the Kentucky inventory of mindfulness skills. Assessment. 2004 Sep;11(3):191-206. doi: 10.1177/1073191104268029.
- Background: PubMed 12365955Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Ogden CL, Johnson CL. Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999-2000. JAMA. 2002 Oct 9;288(14):1723-7. doi: 10.1001/jama.288.14.1723.
- Background: PubMed 11020091Epel ES, McEwen B, Seeman T, Matthews K, Castellazzo G, Brownell KD, Bell J, Ickovics JR. Stress and body shape: stress-induced cortisol secretion is consistently greater among women with central fat. Psychosom Med. 2000 Sep-Oct;62(5):623-32. doi: 10.1097/00006842-200009000-00005.
- Background: PubMed 12975524Dallman MF, Pecoraro N, Akana SF, La Fleur SE, Gomez F, Houshyar H, Bell ME, Bhatnagar S, Laugero KD, Manalo S. Chronic stress and obesity: a new view of "comfort food". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Sep 30;100(20):11696-701. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1934666100. Epub 2003 Sep 15.
- Background: PubMed 11139006Oliver G, Wardle J, Gibson EL. Stress and food choice: a laboratory study. Psychosom Med. 2000 Nov-Dec;62(6):853-65. doi: 10.1097/00006842-200011000-00016.
- Background: PubMed 16300427Boggiano MM, Chandler PC, Viana JB, Oswald KD, Maldonado CR, Wauford PK. Combined dieting and stress evoke exaggerated responses to opioids in binge-eating rats. Behav Neurosci. 2005 Oct;119(5):1207-14. doi: 10.1037/0735-7044.119.5.1207.
- Background: PubMed 16271645Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, Bautista L, Franzosi MG, Commerford P, Lang CC, Rumboldt Z, Onen CL, Lisheng L, Tanomsup S, Wangai P Jr, Razak F, Sharma AM, Anand SS; INTERHEART Study Investigators. Obesity and the risk of myocardial infarction in 27,000 participants from 52 countries: a case-control study. Lancet. 2005 Nov 5;366(9497):1640-9. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67663-5.
- Background: PubMed 11070333Epel E, Lapidus R, McEwen B, Brownell K. Stress may add bite to appetite in women: a laboratory study of stress-induced cortisol and eating behavior. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2001 Jan;26(1):37-49. doi: 10.1016/s0306-4530(00)00035-4.
- Background: PubMed 15677412Epel E, Jimenez S, Brownell K, Stroud L, Stoney C, Niaura R. Are stress eaters at risk for the metabolic syndrome? Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004 Dec;1032:208-10. doi: 10.1196/annals.1314.022.
- Background: PubMed 1409924Rebuffe-Scrive M, Walsh UA, McEwen B, Rodin J. Effect of chronic stress and exogenous glucocorticoids on regional fat distribution and metabolism. Physiol Behav. 1992 Sep;52(3):583-90. doi: 10.1016/0031-9384(92)90351-2.
- Background: PubMed 15358437Rosmond R. Role of stress in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2005 Jan;30(1):1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2004.05.007.
- Background: PubMed 12429875Roemmich JN, Wright SM, Epstein LH. Dietary restraint and stress-induced snacking in youth. Obes Res. 2002 Nov;10(11):1120-6. doi: 10.1038/oby.2002.152.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Frederick Hecht, MD principal investigator
UCSF Osher Center for Integrative Medicine
Elissa Epel, PhD principal investigator
UCSF Department of Psychiatry
Jennifer Daubenmier, PhD principal investigator
UCSF Osher Center for Integrative Medicine
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Craving and Lifestyle Management through Mindfulness(CALMM+) in people with Obesity, run by University of California, San Francisco at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 12 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 28 Oct 2014. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
weight (time frame: baseline, 3 month, and 6 month assessments). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT00643344, which also lists 12 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 28 Oct 2014.