DiabetesNCT01023646
Glycemic Index - Variability Among Individuals
A study testing Carbohydrate + Protein, Carbohydrate + Fat and Fiber in people with Diabetes and Obesity, run by Tufts University at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The purpose of this study is to determine the variability in glycemic index determinations for individual foods and food combinations. The study will also evaluate the changes in insulin and free fatty acid levels, plasma lipid and lipoprotein profiles, C-reactive protein-a marker of inflammation and glycosylated… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 85 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Diabetes, Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome
- What is being tested?
- Carbohydrate + Protein, Carbohydrate + Fat and Fiber
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 124 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- Dec 2007to Dec 2016
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 85 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- For Phase 1 (Study 1) a total of seventy five volunteers will be included in the study. This study will be conducted in adult men and women (18-85 y) free of known chronic disease with BMI 18 to 35 kg/m2.
- For Phase 2 (Studies 2, 3, 4, and 5) a total of 80 volunteers will be included, 20 volunteers per study. Phase 2 studies will be conducted in adult men and women (50 - 85 y) free of known chronic disease and with a BMI of 25 to 35 kg/m2.
- For Phase 3 (Study 6) a total of 20 volunteers will be included in the study. Phase 3 study will be conducted in adult men and women (50-85 y) free of known chronic disease and with a BMI of 25 to 35 kg/m2.
Who cannot join
- BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 for Phase I, and BMI ≤ 25 to ≥ 35 kg/m2 for Phase II and III
- Renal disease, as defined by a history of chronic kidney disease or by glomerular filtration rate of < 60 ml.min/1.73 m2 calculated from screening blood tests.
- Liver disease, as defined by a history of chronic hepatitis B or C, cholestatic or cirrhotic liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, elevations of serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) or serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) greater than 1.5 times the upper limit of normal at screening, bilirubin greater than 2 mg/dL (in the absence of benign causes of elevated bilirubin such as Gilbert's syndrome) at screening, or albumin below the lower limit of normal.
- Untreated hypertension, defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) > 140 mm and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) > 90 mm.
- Irritable bowel syndrome.
- Malabsorptive disorder and inflammatory bowel disease.
Show all 23Show fewer
- Disorders of esophageal and gastrointestinal motility, and previous esophageal or gastric resection.
- History of chronic pancreatitis, or history of acute pancreatitis within the last year.
- Hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, as defined as screening thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) outside of normal ranges.
- Anemia, as defined by screening hematocrit of 34% for women and 38% for men.
- Smoking within the past 6 months.
- Diabetes.
- Fasting glucose ≥ 125 mg/dL.
- Pregnancy.
- Breastfeeding.
- History of polycystic ovary syndrome
- History of autoimmune or other connective tissue disorders associated with chronic inflammation, such as rheumatoid arthritis.
- Alcohol consumption > 7 drinks/week.
- Use of medications or supplements known to affect glucose metabolism.
- Use of medications or supplements known to affect lipid metabolism.
- Established cardiovascular disease (myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, coronary artery. bypass graft, stenosis > 50%, peripheral arterial disease).
- Unwillingness to adhere to study protocol.
- Weight gain or loss of more than 15 lbs within 6 months prior to enrollment.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University
Boston, Massachusetts, 02111
About this study
Official title: Evaluation of Glycemic Index to Assess Diet Associated Chronic Disease Risk
The purpose of this study is to determine the variability in glycemic index determinations for individual foods and food combinations. The study will also evaluate the changes in insulin and free fatty acid levels, plasma lipid and lipoprotein profiles, C-reactive protein-a marker of inflammation and glycosylated hemoglobin- a marker of glucose metabolism during a five-hour period after eating the food or foods. Additionally, supplementary data on variation in oral sensation, habitual food intake, food preferences and genes mediating sensory perception and dietary behaviors (supported by a grant from the Tufts Ross Aging Initiative) will be related to the outcomes on the present study.
Read the detailed description
The objective of this proposal is to investigate the intra-individual reproducibility (within the same individual, when repeatedly measured) and inter-individual variability (among individuals) of glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) value determinations for individual foods and food combinations. The specific aims to accomplished this objective are to evaluate reproducibility and variability of GI value determinations in volunteers differing in biologic characteristics - body mass index (BMI), age and gender; assess the effect of macronutrient amounts and combinations, and fiber on variability of GI and GL value determinations; assess the effect of prior meal macronutrient composition ('second meal' effect) on GI value determinations; and relate these data to chronic disease risk factors monitored prior to and during the intervention period. These aims will be accomplished by assessing intra-individual reproducibility and inter-individual variability of repeated GI value determinations for white bread, commonly used as a reference food, relative to glucose, in volunteers selected to represent a range of BMI's (18-24.9, 25-29.9, 30-35) and ages (18-49.9, 50-85 y), and on the basis of gender, and relate these data to body composition and insulin sensitivity (Phase I). This work will then be extended to address issues related to variability potentially introduced by differences in macronutrient and fiber combinations and loads (Phase II), and finally by 'second meal' effects (Phase III). Prior to each set of food challenges (glucose and test food[s] in random order) volunteers will be characterized on the basis of fasting HbA1c; lipids and lipoproteins; insulin, glucose and C-reactive protein. During the 5-hour challenge (sampling at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, and every 30 minutes thereafter) volunteers will be monitored for changes in blood glucose, insulin, triglycerides, total, low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and non-esterified fatty acid levels. Additionally, supplementary data on variation in oral sensation, habitual food intake, food preferences and genes mediating sensory perception and dietary behaviors (supported by a grant from the Tufts Ross Aging Initiative) will be related to the outcomes on the present study. The concepts of both GI and GL are in the public domain and it has been suggested that the concepts be incorporated into U.S. federal dietary guidance (U.S. Dietary Guidelines and Dietary References Intakes) formulated to promote health and reduce chronic disease risk. This proposal addresses some of the understudied areas for which additional information would be useful in order to determine whether GI and GL should be used to classify foods on an individual basis, as has been suggested, and when formulating dietary guidance for the general population.
- Conditions
- Diabetes, Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, Cardiovascular Disease
- Being tested
- Carbohydrate + Protein, Carbohydrate + Fat, Fiber, Carbohydrate load
- Keywords
- Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, Glucose, Insulin, Lipoproteins, Free fatty acids
- Medical subject headings
- Diabetes Mellitus, Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, Cardiovascular Diseases, Insulin Resistance
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Carbohydrate + ProteinOther
Light Tuna Packed in water.
Carbohydrate + FatOther
Butter
FiberOther
Unrefined Carbohydrate
Carbohydrate loadOther
Carbohydrate
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| carbohydrate load | Other | Food challenge - Carbohydrate load Receives: Other: Carbohydrate load |
| Carbohydrate + Protein | Other | Food challenge - carbohydrate + protein Receives: Other: Carbohydrate + Protein |
| Carbohydrate + Fat | Other | Food challenge - carbohydrate + fat Receives: Other: Carbohydrate + Fat |
| Fiber | Other | Food challenge - carbohydrate + fiber Receives: Other: Fiber |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Glucose, Insulin, Free Fatty Acids.
Measured: 5 hours
Secondary outcomes (1)
Fasting and non-fasting plasma lipids and lipoproteins, C reactive protein (CRP), HbAIc.
Measured: 5 hours
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted2 Dec 2009 (estimated)
- Study startDec 2007
- Primary completionNov 2015
- Study completionDec 2016
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (16)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for DiabetesStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 124 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Tufts University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Alice H Lichtenstein, D.Sc., Principal investigator, JM USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01023646
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- R01DK073321
- Other IDs
- R01DK073321
- Status last verified
- Apr 2017
- First submitted
- 30 Nov 2009
- Last updated
- 25 Apr 2017
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
Publications
Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, And Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol In Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 2001 May 16;285(19):2486-97. doi: 10.1001/jama.285.19.2486. No abstract available.
PubMed 11368702Jenkins DJ, Wolever TM, Taylor RH, Barker H, Fielden H, Baldwin JM, Bowling AC, Newman HC, Jenkins AL, Goff DV. Glycemic index of foods: a physiological basis for carbohydrate exchange. Am J Clin Nutr. 1981 Mar;34(3):362-6. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/34.3.362.
PubMed 6259925Salmeron J, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Wing AL, Willett WC. Dietary fiber, glycemic load, and risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in women. JAMA. 1997 Feb 12;277(6):472-7. doi: 10.1001/jama.1997.03540300040031.
PubMed 9020271Salmeron J, Ascherio A, Rimm EB, Colditz GA, Spiegelman D, Jenkins DJ, Stampfer MJ, Wing AL, Willett WC. Dietary fiber, glycemic load, and risk of NIDDM in men. Diabetes Care. 1997 Apr;20(4):545-50. doi: 10.2337/diacare.20.4.545.
PubMed 9096978Amano Y, Kawakubo K, Lee JS, Tang AC, Sugiyama M, Mori K. Correlation between dietary glycemic index and cardiovascular disease risk factors among Japanese women. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2004 Nov;58(11):1472-8. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601992.
PubMed 15127092Schulze MB, Liu S, Rimm EB, Manson JE, Willett WC, Hu FB. Glycemic index, glycemic load, and dietary fiber intake and incidence of type 2 diabetes in younger and middle-aged women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Aug;80(2):348-56. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/80.2.348.
PubMed 15277155Wolever TM, Csima A, Jenkins DJ, Wong GS, Josse RG. The glycemic index: variation between subjects and predictive difference. J Am Coll Nutr. 1989 Jun;8(3):235-47. doi: 10.1080/07315724.1989.10720298.
PubMed 2760355Wolever TM, Jenkins DJ, Josse RG, Wong GS, Lee R. The glycemic index: similarity of values derived in insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. J Am Coll Nutr. 1987 Aug;6(4):295-305. doi: 10.1080/07315724.1987.10720191.
PubMed 3611527Jenkins DJ, Wolever TM, Wong GS, Kenshole A, Josse RG, Thompson LU, Lam KY. Glycemic responses to foods: possible differences between insulin-dependent and noninsulin-dependent diabetics. Am J Clin Nutr. 1984 Nov;40(5):971-81. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/40.5.971.
PubMed 6496392Foster-Powell K, Holt SH, Brand-Miller JC. International table of glycemic index and glycemic load values: 2002. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Jul;76(1):5-56. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/76.1.5.
PubMed 12081815Wolever TM, Vorster HH, Bjorck I, Brand-Miller J, Brighenti F, Mann JI, Ramdath DD, Granfeldt Y, Holt S, Perry TL, Venter C, Xiaomei Wu. Determination of the glycaemic index of foods: interlaboratory study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003 Mar;57(3):475-82. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601551.
PubMed 12627186Wolever TM, Jenkins DJ. The use of the glycemic index in predicting the blood glucose response to mixed meals. Am J Clin Nutr. 1986 Jan;43(1):167-72. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/43.1.167.
PubMed 3942088Vega-Lopez S, Ausman LM, Griffith JL, Lichtenstein AH. Interindividual variability and intra-individual reproducibility of glycemic index values for commercial white bread. Diabetes Care. 2007 Jun;30(6):1412-7. doi: 10.2337/dc06-1598. Epub 2007 Mar 23.
PubMed 17384339Meng H, Matthan NR, Ausman LM, Lichtenstein AH. Effect of prior meal macronutrient composition on postprandial glycemic responses and glycemic index and glycemic load value determinations. Am J Clin Nutr. 2017 Nov;106(5):1246-1256. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.117.162727. Epub 2017 Sep 13.
PubMed 28903959Meng H, Matthan NR, Ausman LM, Lichtenstein AH. Effect of macronutrients and fiber on postprandial glycemic responses and meal glycemic index and glycemic load value determinations. Am J Clin Nutr. 2017 Apr;105(4):842-853. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116.144162. Epub 2017 Feb 15.
PubMed 28202475
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 25 Apr 2017. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Evaluation of Glycemic Index to Assess Diet Associated Chronic Disease Risk
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01023646
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- R01DK073321
- Conditions
- Diabetes, Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, Cardiovascular Disease
- Keywords
- Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, Glucose, Insulin, Lipoproteins, Free fatty acids
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 124 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Tufts UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
- Study start
- Dec 2007
- Primary completion
- Nov 2015 (actual)
- Study completion
- Dec 2016 (actual)
- First posted
- 2 Dec 2009 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of this study is to determine the variability in glycemic index determinations for individual foods and food combinations. The study will also evaluate the changes in insulin and free fatty acid levels, plasma lipid and lipoprotein profiles, C-reactive protein-a marker of inflammation and glycosylated hemoglobin- a marker of glucose metabolism during a five-hour period after eating the food or foods. Additionally, supplementary data on variation in oral sensation, habitual food intake, food preferences and genes mediating sensory perception and dietary behaviors (supported by a grant from the Tufts Ross Aging Initiative) will be related to the outcomes on the present study.
Detailed description
The objective of this proposal is to investigate the intra-individual reproducibility (within the same individual, when repeatedly measured) and inter-individual variability (among individuals) of glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) value determinations for individual foods and food combinations. The specific aims to accomplished this objective are to evaluate reproducibility and variability of GI value determinations in volunteers differing in biologic characteristics - body mass index (BMI), age and gender; assess the effect of macronutrient amounts and combinations, and fiber on variability of GI and GL value determinations; assess the effect of prior meal macronutrient composition ('second meal' effect) on GI value determinations; and relate these data to chronic disease risk factors monitored prior to and during the intervention period. These aims will be accomplished by assessing intra-individual reproducibility and inter-individual variability of repeated GI value determinations for white bread, commonly used as a reference food, relative to glucose, in volunteers selected to represent a range of BMI's (18-24.9, 25-29.9, 30-35) and ages (18-49.9, 50-85 y), and on the basis of gender, and relate these data to body composition and insulin sensitivity (Phase I). This work will then be extended to address issues related to variability potentially introduced by differences in macronutrient and fiber combinations and loads (Phase II), and finally by 'second meal' effects (Phase III). Prior to each set of food challenges (glucose and test food[s] in random order) volunteers will be characterized on the basis of fasting HbA1c; lipids and lipoproteins; insulin, glucose and C-reactive protein. During the 5-hour challenge (sampling at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, and every 30 minutes thereafter) volunteers will be monitored for changes in blood glucose, insulin, triglycerides, total, low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and non-esterified fatty acid levels. Additionally, supplementary data on variation in oral sensation, habitual food intake, food preferences and genes mediating sensory perception and dietary behaviors (supported by a grant from the Tufts Ross Aging Initiative) will be related to the outcomes on the present study. The concepts of both GI and GL are in the public domain and it has been suggested that the concepts be incorporated into U.S. federal dietary guidance (U.S. Dietary Guidelines and Dietary References Intakes) formulated to promote health and reduce chronic disease risk. This proposal addresses some of the understudied areas for which additional information would be useful in order to determine whether GI and GL should be used to classify foods on an individual basis, as has been suggested, and when formulating dietary guidance for the general population.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- Double blind (investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 4
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| carbohydrate load | Other | Other: Carbohydrate loadFood challenge - Carbohydrate load |
| Carbohydrate + Protein | Other | Other: Carbohydrate + ProteinFood challenge - carbohydrate + protein |
| Carbohydrate + Fat | Other | Other: Carbohydrate + FatFood challenge - carbohydrate + fat |
| Fiber | Other | Other: FiberFood challenge - carbohydrate + fiber |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 85 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- For Phase 1 (Study 1) a total of seventy five volunteers will be included in the study. This study will be conducted in adult men and women (18-85 y) free of known chronic disease with BMI 18 to 35 kg/m2.
- For Phase 2 (Studies 2, 3, 4, and 5) a total of 80 volunteers will be included, 20 volunteers per study. Phase 2 studies will be conducted in adult men and women (50 - 85 y) free of known chronic disease and with a BMI of 25 to 35 kg/m2.
- For Phase 3 (Study 6) a total of 20 volunteers will be included in the study. Phase 3 study will be conducted in adult men and women (50-85 y) free of known chronic disease and with a BMI of 25 to 35 kg/m2.
Key exclusion criteria (23 listed)
- BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 for Phase I, and BMI ≤ 25 to ≥ 35 kg/m2 for Phase II and III
- Renal disease, as defined by a history of chronic kidney disease or by glomerular filtration rate of < 60 ml.min/1.73 m2 calculated from screening blood tests.
- Liver disease, as defined by a history of chronic hepatitis B or C, cholestatic or cirrhotic liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, elevations of serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) or serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) greater than 1.5 times the upper limit of normal at screening, bilirubin greater than 2 mg/dL (in the absence of benign causes of elevated bilirubin such as Gilbert's syndrome) at screening, or albumin below the lower limit of normal.
- Untreated hypertension, defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) > 140 mm and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) > 90 mm.
- Irritable bowel syndrome.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Carbohydrate + ProteinLight Tuna Packed in water. | Other | Carbohydrate + Protein |
| Carbohydrate + FatButter | Other | Carbohydrate + Fat |
| FiberUnrefined Carbohydrate | Other | Fiber |
| Carbohydrate loadCarbohydrate | Other | carbohydrate load |
Primary outcome
Glucose, Insulin, Free Fatty Acids.
Time frame: 5 hours
1 secondary outcome
Fasting and non-fasting plasma lipids and lipoproteins, C reactive protein (CRP), HbAIc.
Time frame: 5 hours
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 25 Apr 2017.
- Background: PubMed 11368702Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, And Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol In Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 2001 May 16;285(19):2486-97. doi: 10.1001/jama.285.19.2486. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 6259925Jenkins DJ, Wolever TM, Taylor RH, Barker H, Fielden H, Baldwin JM, Bowling AC, Newman HC, Jenkins AL, Goff DV. Glycemic index of foods: a physiological basis for carbohydrate exchange. Am J Clin Nutr. 1981 Mar;34(3):362-6. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/34.3.362.
- Background: PubMed 9020271Salmeron J, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Wing AL, Willett WC. Dietary fiber, glycemic load, and risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in women. JAMA. 1997 Feb 12;277(6):472-7. doi: 10.1001/jama.1997.03540300040031.
- Background: PubMed 9096978Salmeron J, Ascherio A, Rimm EB, Colditz GA, Spiegelman D, Jenkins DJ, Stampfer MJ, Wing AL, Willett WC. Dietary fiber, glycemic load, and risk of NIDDM in men. Diabetes Care. 1997 Apr;20(4):545-50. doi: 10.2337/diacare.20.4.545.
- Background: PubMed 15127092Amano Y, Kawakubo K, Lee JS, Tang AC, Sugiyama M, Mori K. Correlation between dietary glycemic index and cardiovascular disease risk factors among Japanese women. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2004 Nov;58(11):1472-8. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601992.
- Background: PubMed 15277155Schulze MB, Liu S, Rimm EB, Manson JE, Willett WC, Hu FB. Glycemic index, glycemic load, and dietary fiber intake and incidence of type 2 diabetes in younger and middle-aged women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Aug;80(2):348-56. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/80.2.348.
- Background: PubMed 2760355Wolever TM, Csima A, Jenkins DJ, Wong GS, Josse RG. The glycemic index: variation between subjects and predictive difference. J Am Coll Nutr. 1989 Jun;8(3):235-47. doi: 10.1080/07315724.1989.10720298.
- Background: PubMed 3611527Wolever TM, Jenkins DJ, Josse RG, Wong GS, Lee R. The glycemic index: similarity of values derived in insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. J Am Coll Nutr. 1987 Aug;6(4):295-305. doi: 10.1080/07315724.1987.10720191.
- Background: PubMed 6496392Jenkins DJ, Wolever TM, Wong GS, Kenshole A, Josse RG, Thompson LU, Lam KY. Glycemic responses to foods: possible differences between insulin-dependent and noninsulin-dependent diabetics. Am J Clin Nutr. 1984 Nov;40(5):971-81. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/40.5.971.
- Background: PubMed 12081815Foster-Powell K, Holt SH, Brand-Miller JC. International table of glycemic index and glycemic load values: 2002. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Jul;76(1):5-56. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/76.1.5.
- Background: PubMed 12627186Wolever TM, Vorster HH, Bjorck I, Brand-Miller J, Brighenti F, Mann JI, Ramdath DD, Granfeldt Y, Holt S, Perry TL, Venter C, Xiaomei Wu. Determination of the glycaemic index of foods: interlaboratory study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003 Mar;57(3):475-82. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601551.
- Background: PubMed 3942088Wolever TM, Jenkins DJ. The use of the glycemic index in predicting the blood glucose response to mixed meals. Am J Clin Nutr. 1986 Jan;43(1):167-72. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/43.1.167.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Alice H Lichtenstein, D.Sc. principal investigator
JM USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Carbohydrate + Protein, Carbohydrate + Fat and Fiber in people with Diabetes and Obesity, run by Tufts University at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 23 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 25 Apr 2017. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Glucose, Insulin, Free Fatty Acids. (time frame: 5 hours). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT01023646, which also lists 16 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 25 Apr 2017.