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Chronic Kidney DiseasePhase 3REMEDIALIINCT01098032

RenalGuard System and Contrast Media

A Phase 3 study testing RenalGuard system and Systemic alone therapy in people with Chronic Kidney Disease, run by Clinica Mediterranea at 4 sites in Italy.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
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Trial summary

The purpose of the present study is to assess the role of the RenalGuard System as compared to the optimal strategy (sodium bicarbonate infusion plus N-acetylcysteine (NAC)) in high and very-high risk patients to prevent contrast-induced acute kidney injury contrast induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI). Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 years and older
Conditions the study is for
Chronic Kidney Disease
What is being tested?
RenalGuard system and Systemic alone therapy
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
294 participants
Where
4 sitesItaly
Study dates
Jan 2009to Dec 2011
Phase
Phase 3
Are there results?
Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 years and older
  • All sexes
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • Age >=18 years
  • Chronic kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate <=30 ml/min/1.72 m2) and/or
  • Risk score for contrast nephropathy ≥11 (according to the Mehran score; J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 44: 1393-1399)

Who cannot join

  • Pregnancy
  • Heart failure (NYHA functional class III-IV)
  • Acute pulmonary edema
  • Acute myocardial infarction
  • Recent (<=2 days) contrast media exposure
  • Patients enrolled in concomitant studies
Show all 10Show fewer
  • Administration of theophylline, dopamine, mannitol and fenoldopam.
  • End-stage CKD (patients on chronic dialysis)
  • Systemic hypotension (systolic blood pressure < 100 mg/dl).
  • Multiple myeloma

Trial locations and contacts

4 sites in 1 country.

Italy4 sites

  • Unversity of Ferrara, Department of Cardiology

    Ferrara

  • IRCCS Multimedica

    Milan

  • Unversity School of Medicine of Modena, Deparment of Cardiology

    Modena

  • Clinica Mediterranea

    Naples, 80121

Other trials in Italy

About this study

Official title: Renal Insufficiency Following Contrast Media Administration Trial II (Remedial II): The RenalGuard System in High-Risk Patients for Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury

The purpose of the present study is to assess the role of the RenalGuard System as compared to the optimal strategy (sodium bicarbonate infusion plus N-acetylcysteine (NAC)) in high and very-high risk patients to prevent contrast-induced acute kidney injury contrast induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI).

Consecutive patients with chronic kidney disease, referred to our institutions for coronary and/or peripheral procedures, will be randomly assigned to 1) prophylactic administration of sodium bicarbonate plus NAC (Systemic alone therapy group; n > 133) and 2) RenalGuard System treatment (RenalGuard group; n > 133). All enrolled patients must have an estimated glomerular filtration rate <30 ml/min/1.73 m2 and/or a contrast nephropathy risk score ≥11). In all cases iodixanol (an iso-osmolar, non ionic contrast agent) will be administered. The primary end point is an increase of >=0.3 mg/dL in the creatinine concentration 48 hours after the procedure.

This study will give important answers on how to prevent CI-AKI in high and very-high risk patients undergoing contrast media exposure.

Read the detailed description

The strategy of volume supplementation by sodium bicarbonate plus N-acetylcysteine (NAC) seems to be the optimal pharmacological approach in preventing contrast induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) in patients at medium-to-high risk. Whether this prophylactic strategy is effective in high and very-high risk patients is unknown. In this subset of patients the potential protective effects and therapeutic advantage of a local delivery of protective compounds should be investigated. The RenalGuard™ System (PLC Medical Systes, Inc.) is a real-time measurement and real time matched fluid replacement device designed to accommodate the RenalGuard Therapy. The RenalGuard Therapy is based on the theory that creating and maintaining a high urine output is beneficial to patients undergoing imaging procedures where contrast agents are used. This should allow the body to rapidly eliminate contrast, reducing its toxic effects. The RenalGuard System seems to be ideal for the prevention of CI-AKI, by allowing an optimal urine flow rate >150 ml/h (ideally >300 ml/h). Preliminary data suggests that the RenalGuard System, by increasing the urine flow rate ≥ 300 ml/h, allows a quick renal first-pass elimination and therefore reduces the risk for contrast nephropathy. The potential benefits of RenalGuard Therapy are intended to reduce the incidence of CI-AKI via a combination of known physiological effects of high urine output including: a) lower concentration of contrast in the kidneys, b) more rapid transit of contrast through the kidneys, c) less overall exposure to toxic contrast, d) potential reduction of oxygen consumption in the medulla of the kidneys. No randomized study has been performed to assess the role of the RenalGuard System as compared to the optimal strategy (sodium bicarbonate infusion plus NAC) in high and very-high risk patients to prevent CI-AKI.

Being tested
RenalGuard system, Systemic alone therapy
Keywords
Contrast media, Kidney, Complication
Medical subject headings
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • RenalGuard systemDevice

    The RenalGuard™ System (PLC Medical Systems, Inc.) is a real-time measurement and real time matched fluid replacement device designed to accommodate the RenalGuard Therapy. The RenalGuard Therapy is based on the concept demonstrated by clinical data that high urine output is beneficial to patients with impaired baseline renal function who receive intravascular iodinated contrast medio (CM). The RenalGuard System seems to be ideal for the prevention of CI-AKI, by allowing an optimal urine flow rate >300 ml/h. It is known that excessive diuresis can cause dehydration which increases the risk to the kidneys from CM. The RenalGuard System should allow the patient to achieve high urine output safely by maintaining the intravascular blood volume and avoiding the risk of over-or-under-hydration.

  • Systemic alone therapyDrug

    Also called Sodium Bicarbonate and N-acetylcysteine

    Patients allocated to the Systemic alone therapy group will receive 154 mEq/l of sodium bicarbonate in dextrose and H2O, according to the protocol reported by Merten et al. The initial intravenous bolus was 3 ml/kg per hour for 1 hour immediately before contrast injection. Following this, patients will receive the same fluid at a rate of 1 ml/kg per hour during contrast exposure and for 6 hours after the procedure. All patients will receive NAC (Fluimucil, Zambon Group SpA, Milan, Italy) orally at a dose of 1200 mg twice daily on the day before and on the day of administration of the contrast agent (total of 2 days)

Study groups in NCT01098032
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Systemic alone therapy groupActive comparatorSystemic alone therapy group will be treated by intravenous sodium bicarbonate plus NAC administration. Patients allocated to the Systemic alone therapy group will receive 154 mEq/l of sodium bicarbonate in dextrose and H2O, according to the protocol reported by Merten et al. (9) The initial i.v. bolus was 3 ml/kg per hour for 1 hour immediately before contrast injection. Following this, patients will receive the same fluid at a rate of 1 ml/kg per hour during contrast exposure and for 6 hours after the procedure. All patients will receive NAC (Fluimucil, Zambon Group SpA, Milan, Italy) orally at a dose of 1200 mg twice daily on the day before and on the day of administration of the contrast agent (total of 2 days. Additional NAC dose (1.2 g) will be administered i.v. during the procedure.
Receives: Drug: Systemic alone therapy
RenalGuard System groupExperimentalProphylactic controlled hydration with saline (0.9%) plus N-acetylcystein (NAC; 6 g in total). In the RenalGuard group, an initial bolus (priming) of 250 ml will be administered. In case of left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction ≤30%) and/or unstable hemodynamic conditions the bolus will be reduced to 150 ml. Following the initial bolus, furosemide (0.25 mg/kg) will be administered in order to achieve the optimal urine flow (≥300 ml/h). The hydration will be continued throughout the duration of the procedure and will last 4 hours following the procedure. Additional doses of furosemide are allowed in case of decrease of urine flow <300 ml/h.
Receives: Device: RenalGuard system

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Number of Participants With Contrast-induced Acute Kidney Injury

    The primary outcome measure will be the rate of development of CI-AKI in the 2 study arms (number of participants). CI-AKI is defined as an increase in the serum creatinine concentration >=0.3 mg/dL from the baseline value at 48 hours after administration of the contrast media or the need for dialysis.

    Measured: at 48 hours following contrast exposure

Secondary outcomes (6)

  1. Rate of Kidney Injury and Major Adverse Events

    an increase in the serum creatinine concentration >=0.25% and >=0.5 mg/dl at 48 hours after contrast exposure

    Measured: 7 days

  2. Changes in the Serum Cystatin C Concentration at 24 and 48 Hours After Contrast Exposure

    Cystatin C is an alternative biomarker of kidney damage. Cystatin C seems to be superior to serum creatinine an identifying kidney function and damage.

    Measured: 7 days

  3. Changes in the Urine and Serum NGAL Concentration After Contrast Exposure

    NGAL is a new biomarker which seems to be very promising in detecting kidney injury. prelimiary data suggest that urine and serum NGAL increase very early (within few horurs) after the occurrence og acute kidney damage. Therefore, NGAL may be a real marker of acute kidney injury.

    Measured: 7 days

  4. the Rate of Acute Renal Failure Requiring Dialysis

    occurrence of renal failure requiring dialysis represents the haard endpoint of the study. Actually this represents the worst clinical consequence of CI-AKI.

    Measured: 1 month

  5. The Rate of In-hospital Major Adverse Events (i.e. Acute Myocardial Infarction, c) Renal Failure Requiring Dialysis, and d) Acute Pulmonary Edema)

    Assessment of the rate of in-hospital major adverse events (i.e. acute myocardial infarction, c) renal failure requiring dialysis, and d) acute pulmonary edema) will give important informantion on the clinical relevance of prophylactic strategies in preventing CI-AKI

    Measured: 1 month

  6. The Cost-effectiveness Ratio.

    Assessement of the cost-effectiveness ratio is important when testing a new strategy of both therapy and prophylaxis. The Renalguard system is more expensive than the conventional hydration regimen. The cost of RenalGuard system is approximately 800 $. This cost will be justified only if the system is more effective in preventing CI-AKI and improving the clinical outcome, expecially reducing the lenght of ospedalization and the rate of dialysis.

    Measured: 1 month

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted2 Apr 2010 (estimated)
  2. Study startJan 2009
  3. Primary completionDec 2010
  4. Study completionDec 2011

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase 3
Primary purpose
Prevention
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Parallel groups
Masking
None (open label)
Enrolment
294 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT01098032
Sponsor's protocol ID
NCTCM01
Acronym
REMEDIALII
Status last verified
Mar 2022
First submitted
1 Apr 2010
Last updated
22 Mar 2022
Data monitoring committee
Yes

Publications

  • Tepel M, Aspelin P, Lameire N. Contrast-induced nephropathy: a clinical and evidence-based approach. Circulation. 2006 Apr 11;113(14):1799-806. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.595090. No abstract available.

    PubMed 16606801

  • Gruberg L, Mehran R, Dangas G, Mintz GS, Waksman R, Kent KM, Pichard AD, Satler LF, Wu H, Leon MB. Acute renal failure requiring dialysis after percutaneous coronary interventions. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2001 Apr;52(4):409-16. doi: 10.1002/ccd.1093.

    PubMed 11285590

  • McCullough PA, Wolyn R, Rocher LL, Levin RN, O'Neill WW. Acute renal failure after coronary intervention: incidence, risk factors, and relationship to mortality. Am J Med. 1997 Nov;103(5):368-75. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9343(97)00150-2.

    PubMed 9375704

  • Solomon R, Deray G; Consensus Panel for CIN. How to prevent contrast-induced nephropathy and manage risk patients: practical recommendations. Kidney Int Suppl. 2006 Apr;(100):S51-3. doi: 10.1038/sj.ki.5000375. No abstract available.

    PubMed 16612402

  • Persson PB, Hansell P, Liss P. Pathophysiology of contrast medium-induced nephropathy. Kidney Int. 2005 Jul;68(1):14-22. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00377.x.

    PubMed 15954892

  • Tepel M, van der Giet M, Schwarzfeld C, Laufer U, Liermann D, Zidek W. Prevention of radiographic-contrast-agent-induced reductions in renal function by acetylcysteine. N Engl J Med. 2000 Jul 20;343(3):180-4. doi: 10.1056/NEJM200007203430304.

    PubMed 10900277

  • DiMari J, Megyesi J, Udvarhelyi N, Price P, Davis R, Safirstein R. N-acetyl cysteine ameliorates ischemic renal failure. Am J Physiol. 1997 Mar;272(3 Pt 2):F292-8. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.1997.272.3.F292.

    PubMed 9087670

  • Tariq M, Morais C, Sobki S, Al Sulaiman M, Al Khader A. N-acetylcysteine attenuates cyclosporin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1999 Apr;14(4):923-9. doi: 10.1093/ndt/14.4.923.

    PubMed 10328471

  • Merten GJ, Burgess WP, Gray LV, Holleman JH, Roush TS, Kowalchuk GJ, Bersin RM, Van Moore A, Simonton CA 3rd, Rittase RA, Norton HJ, Kennedy TP. Prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy with sodium bicarbonate: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2004 May 19;291(19):2328-34. doi: 10.1001/jama.291.19.2328.

    PubMed 15150204

  • Spargias K, Alexopoulos E, Kyrzopoulos S, Iokovis P, Greenwood DC, Manginas A, Voudris V, Pavlides G, Buller CE, Kremastinos D, Cokkinos DV. Ascorbic acid prevents contrast-mediated nephropathy in patients with renal dysfunction undergoing coronary angiography or intervention. Circulation. 2004 Nov 2;110(18):2837-42. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000146396.19081.73. Epub 2004 Oct 18.

    PubMed 15492300

  • Briguori C, Airoldi F, D'Andrea D, Bonizzoni E, Morici N, Focaccio A, Michev I, Montorfano M, Carlino M, Cosgrave J, Ricciardelli B, Colombo A. Renal Insufficiency Following Contrast Media Administration Trial (REMEDIAL): a randomized comparison of 3 preventive strategies. Circulation. 2007 Mar 13;115(10):1211-7. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.687152. Epub 2007 Feb 19.

    PubMed 17309916

  • Stone GW, McCullough PA, Tumlin JA, Lepor NE, Madyoon H, Murray P, Wang A, Chu AA, Schaer GL, Stevens M, Wilensky RL, O'Neill WW; CONTRAST Investigators. Fenoldopam mesylate for the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2003 Nov 5;290(17):2284-91. doi: 10.1001/jama.290.17.2284.

    PubMed 14600187

  • McCullough PA. Contrast-induced acute kidney injury. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008 Apr 15;51(15):1419-28. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.12.035.

    PubMed 18402894

  • Romano G, Briguori C, Quintavalle C, Zanca C, Rivera NV, Colombo A, Condorelli G. Contrast agents and renal cell apoptosis. Eur Heart J. 2008 Oct;29(20):2569-76. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehn197. Epub 2008 May 8.

    PubMed 18468994

  • Stevens MA, McCullough PA, Tobin KJ, Speck JP, Westveer DC, Guido-Allen DA, Timmis GC, O'Neill WW. A prospective randomized trial of prevention measures in patients at high risk for contrast nephropathy: results of the P.R.I.N.C.E. Study. Prevention of Radiocontrast Induced Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999 Feb;33(2):403-11. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(98)00574-9.

    PubMed 9973020

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A Phase 3 study testing RenalGuard system and Systemic alone therapy in people with Chronic Kidney Disease, run by Clinica Mediterranea at 4 sites in Italy.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 10 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 22 Mar 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 4 sites in Italy. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

What does this phase mean?

Phase 3 studies compare the treatment with the current standard treatment or a placebo in a large group, to confirm how well it works and watch for side effects.

Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.

Are results available for this study?

Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 10 Mar 2015). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Number of Participants With Contrast-induced Acute Kidney Injury (time frame: at 48 hours following contrast exposure). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT01098032, which also lists 22 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 22 Mar 2022.

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