A Study of Duloxetine in Elderly Generalized Anxiety Disorder

The SDS was a participant-rated questionnaire used to assess the effect of the participant's symptoms on work/school (Item 1), social life/leisure activities (Item 2), and family/home management (Item 3). Each item was rated on a visual analog scale (VAS) from 0 (not at all) to 10 (very severely). The SDS Global Functional Impairment Score (SDS Global Score) was the sum of the 3 items and could have ranged from 0 (unimpaired) to 30 (highly impaired). Higher values indicated a higher functional impairment in the participant's work/social/family life. Least squares (LS) mean were calculated and analyzed using mixed-model repeated measures (MMRM) adjusted for treatment, pooled investigator, age category, visit, treatment-by-visit, baseline score, and baseline-by-visit.

The Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (SIGH-A) was used to collect HAMA data. The HAMA consisted of 14 items that assessed the severity of anxiety. Each item was scored using a 5-point scale (0=not present to 4=very severe). The HAMA Psychic Anxiety Factor Score was the sum of Items 1 to 6 and Item 14 and could have ranged from 0 to 28. The HAMA Somatic Anxiety Factor Score was the sum of Items 7 to 13 and could have ranged from 0 to 28. The HAMA Anxious Mood Item Score was the score for Item 1 and the HAMA Tension Item Score was the score for Item 2. In each case, higher scores indicated a greater degree of symptom severity. Least squares (LS) mean were calculated and analyzed using mixed-model repeated measures (MMRM) adjusted for treatment, pooled investigator, age category, visit, treatment-by-visit, baseline score, and baseline-by-visit.

HADS was a 14-item questionnaire with 2 subscales (anxiety and depression). Each item was rated on a 4-point scale (0 to 3) and higher scores indicated a greater dysfunction. The HADS Anxiety Subscale Score was the sum of the odd numbered items and scores could have ranged from 0 to 21. The HADS Depression Subscale Score was the sum of the even numbered items and scores could have ranged from 0 to 21. Higher scores indicated a greater dysfunction. Least squares (LS) mean were calculated and analyzed using mixed-model repeated measures (MMRM) adjusted for treatment, pooled investigator, age category, visit, treatment-by-visit, baseline score, and baseline-by-visit.

CGI-Improvement measured the clinician's perception of the participant's improvement at the time of assessment compared with the start of treatment. Scores could have ranged from 1 (very much improved) to 7 (very much worse). Least squares (LS) mean were calculated and analyzed using mixed-model repeated measures (MMRM) adjusted for treatment, pooled investigator, age category, visit, treatment-by-visit.

PGI-Improvement measured the participant's perception of his or her improvement at the time of assessment compared with the start of treatment. Scores could have ranged from 1 (very much better) to 7 (very much worse). Least squares (LS) mean were calculated and analyzed using mixed-model repeated measures (MMRM) adjusted for treatment, pooled investigator, age category, visit, treatment-by-visit.

The BPI-SF Pain Severity Subscale was a participant-rated questionnaire that measured the severity of pain. Severity scores could have ranged from 0 (no pain) to 10 (pain as bad as you can imagine) for questions assessing worst pain, least pain, and average pain in the past 24 hours, and pain right now. The BPI-SF Interference Subscale measured the interference of pain with the participant's ability to function. Interference scores could have ranged from 0 (does not interfere) to 10 (completely interferes) for questions assessing interference of pain in the past 24 hours for general activity, mood, walking ability, normal work, relations with other people, sleep, and enjoyment of life. Least squares (LS) means were calculated and analyzed using mixed-model repeated measures (MMRM) adjusted for treatment, pooled investigator, age category, visit, treatment-by-visit, baseline score, and baseline-by-visit.

The Q-LES-Q-SF was a participant-rated questionnaire designed to assess the degree of enjoyment and satisfaction experienced during the past week. The questionnaire consisted of 16 items rated on a 5-point scale ranging from 1 (very poor) to 5 (very good). The total raw score was the sum of Items 1 to 14 and could have ranged from 14 to 70. Total raw scores were converted to, and expressed as, the percentage of the maximum possible score. Percent=100*(total raw score - 14)/56. Higher scores indicated higher levels of enjoyment/satisfaction. Least squares (LS) mean were calculated and analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted for treatment, pooled investigator, age category, and baseline.

The C-SSRS captured the occurrence, severity, and frequency of suicide-related thoughts and behaviors. Suicidal ideation: a "yes" answer to any 1 of 5 suicidal ideation questions: wish to be dead, and 4 different categories of active suicidal ideation. Suicidal behavior: a "yes" answer to any 1 of 5 suicidal behavior questions: preparatory acts or behavior, aborted attempt, interrupted attempt, actual attempt, and completed suicide. Treatment-emergent was the worsening or new occurrence of suicidal behavior or ideation during treatment compared with baseline (Week 0).

The SDS was a participant-rated questionnaire used to assess the effect of the participant's symptoms on work/school (Item 1), social life/leisure activities (Item 2), and family/home management (Item 3). Each item was rated on a visual analog scale (VAS) from 0 (not at all) to 10 (very severely). Higher values indicated a higher functional impairment in the participant's work/social/family life. Least squares (LS) mean were calculated and analyzed using mixed-model repeated measures (MMRM) adjusted for treatment, pooled investigator, age category, visit, treatment-by-visit, baseline score, and baseline-by-visit.

Response was a ≥50% improvement (reduction) in the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) Total Score at treatment period endpoint compared with baseline. Two definitions were used to determine remission: Definition 1 (HAMA Total Score ≤7 at endpoint) and Definition 2 (HAMA Total Score ≤10 at endpoint). The Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (SIGH-A) was used to collect HAMA data. The HAMA consisted of 14 items that assessed the severity of anxiety. Each item was scored using a 5-point scale (0=not present to 4=very severe). The HAMA Total Score could have ranged from 0 to 56 and higher scores indicated a greater degree of symptom severity.

Two definitions, using the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) Global Functional Impairment Score (SDS Global Score), were used to determine functional remission: Definition 1 (SDS Global Score ≤5 at endpoint) and Definition 2 (SDS Global Score ≤6 at endpoint). The SDS was a participant-rated questionnaire used to assess the effect of the participant's symptoms on work/school (Item 1), social life/leisure activities (Item 2), and family/home management (Item 3). Each item was rated on a visual analog scale (VAS) from 0 (not at all) to 10 (very severely). The SDS Global Score was the sum of the 3 items and could have ranged from 0 (unimpaired) to 30 (highly impaired). Higher values indicated a higher functional impairment in the participant's work/social/family life.

Two definitions, using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) Total Score at endpoint compared with baseline, were used to determine sustained improvement: Definition 1 [sustained improvement overall required a ≥30% improvement (reduction) in the HAMA Total Score at treatment period endpoint, at an earlier visit prior to endpoint, and at all visits in between] and Definition 2 (sustained improvement from Week 2 required a ≥30% reduction at treatment period endpoint, at Week 2, and at all visits in between). Both definitions required at least 2 post-baseline visits. The Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (SIGH-A) was used to collect HAMA data. The HAMA consisted of 14 items that assessed the severity of anxiety. Each item was scored using a 5-point scale (0=not present to 4=very severe). The HAMA Total Score could have ranged from 0 to 56 and higher scores indicated a greater degree of symptom severity.

The number of participants who discontinued from the study due to an AE (serious or other AE) during the treatment period. A summary of serious and other AEs is located in the Reported Adverse Events module.

The percentage of participants who reported 1 or more falls at or before Week 10.

The time (days) to first response, defined as a ≥50% improvement (reduction) from baseline in the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) Total Score. Participants who did not have a response were censored at the last treatment period visit. The Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (SIGH-A) was used to collect HAMA data. The HAMA consisted of 14 items that assessed the severity of anxiety. Each item was scored using a 5-point scale (0=not present to 4=very severe). The HAMA Total Score could have ranged from 0 to 56 and higher scores indicated a greater degree of symptom severity.

The time (days) to first remission. Two definitions, using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) Total Score, were used to determine remission: Definition 1 (HAMA Total Score ≤7 at endpoint) and Definition 2 (HAMA Total Score ≤10 at endpoint). Participants who did not have remission were censored at the last treatment period visit. The Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (SIGH-A) was used to collect HAMA data. The HAMA consisted of 14 items that assessed the severity of anxiety. Each item was scored using a 5-point scale (0=not present to 4=very severe). The HAMA Total Score could have ranged from 0 to 56 and higher scores indicated a greater degree of symptom severity.

Time (days) to the earliest visit at which the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) Total Score was a ≥30% improvement (reduction) from baseline that was sustained through the last treatment period visit. Participants who did not meet sustained improvement criteria were censored at the last treatment period visit. The Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (SIGH-A) was used to collect HAMA data. HAMA consisted of 14 items that assessed the severity of anxiety. Each item was scored using a 5-point scale (0=not present to 4=very severe). The HAMA Total Score could have ranged from 0 to 56 and higher scores indicated a greater degree of symptom severity.

Time (days) to first functional remission. Two definitions, using the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) Global Functional Impairment Score (SDS Global Score), were used to determine functional remission: Definition 1 (SDS Global Score ≤5 at endpoint) and Definition 2 (SDS Global Score ≤6 at endpoint). Participants, who did not have an SDS Global Score ≤5 or ≤6, were censored at the last treatment period visit. The SDS was a participant-rated questionnaire used to assess the effect of the participant's symptoms on work/school (Item 1), social life/leisure activities (Item 2), and family/home management (Item 3). Each item was rated on a visual analog scale (VAS) from 0 (not at all) to 10 (very severely). The SDS Global Score was the sum of the 3 items and could have ranged from 0 (unimpaired) to 30 (highly impaired). Higher values indicated a higher functional impairment in the participant's work/social/family life.

The time (days) to first improvement, defined as a Clinical Global Impression of Improvement (CGI-Improvement) Score ≤2. Participants who did not have a CGI-I Score ≤2 were censored at the last treatment period visit. CGI-Improvement measured the clinician's perception of the participant's improvement at the time of assessment compared with the start of treatment. Scores could have ranged from 1 (very much improved) to 7 (very much worse). A CGI-Improvement Score of ≤2 was much improved or very much improved.