OsteoporosisMAP3BSSNCT01144468
Effects of Exemestane on Bone Strength
An observational study of Osteoporosis and Breast Cancer, run by University Health Network, Toronto at 4 sites in 2 countries.
Trial summary
The NCIC CTG was conducting an international breast cancer prevention trial (MAP.3) examining the effects of a new therapy (exemestane) for breast cancer prevention in postmenopausal women at increased risk of developing this disease. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Osteoporosis, Breast Cancer
- How many people
- 351 participants
- Where
- 4 sitesin 2 countries
- Study dates
- Apr 2007to Jan 2022
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- Women only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: Women randomized to the MAP.3 study from 5 participating locations were consecutively approached for participation in this companion study.
Who may be able to join
- Women participating in the MAP.3 clinical trial at centres with access to HR-pQCT
Who cannot join
- Women with osteoporosis;
- Women with T-score of -2.0 or below at the lumbar spine (L1-L4), total hip or femoral neck;
- Women with a fragility fracture after age 40;
- Women who have been on any bone drug, such as hormone replacement therapy, selective estrogen receptor modulators, bisphosphonates, teriparatide, parathyroid hormone, sodium fluoride, strontium, calcitonin and high dose vitamin D (more than 2000iu of vitamin D3 daily),in the past 3 months;
- Women who have ever been on a bisphosphonate for more than 6 months;
- Women who have ever been on strontium for more than 1 month;
Show all 9Show fewer
- Women who are on chronic oral steroids (the equivalent of 5mg of prednisone a day or higher for more than 2 weeks within the past 6 months and will likely require ongoing therapy);
- Women with Paget's disease, Cushing's disease, hyperparathyroidism, uncontrolled hyperthyroidism or other metabolic bone diseases;
- Women with decompensated diseases of the liver, bowel, kidney, pancreas, lung, or heart.
Trial locations and contacts
4 sites in 2 countries.
4 sites in 2 countries
United States2 sites
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota, 55905
University of California Davis
Sacramento, California, 95817
Canada2 sites
University Health Network, TGH
Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4
Women's College Hospital
Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1B6
About this study
Official title: Effects of Exemestane on Bone Strength in Postmenopausal Women at Increased Risk of Developing Breast Cancer
The NCIC CTG was conducting an international breast cancer prevention trial (MAP.3) examining the effects of a new therapy (exemestane) for breast cancer prevention in postmenopausal women at increased risk of developing this disease. Results showed that after a median follow up of 35 months, exemestane was superior to placebo in breast cancer prevention. Exemestane blocks estrogen production, which may be beneficial for preventing breast cancer, but may have negative effects on bone. As postmenopausal women are at risk for developing osteoporosis, determining whether exemestane causes bones to weaken is crucial for women considering it for long-term use. Dr. Cheung's team followed the bone health of 354 women in MAP.3 in detail over 2 years and found that volumetric bone mineral density (by high resolution peripheral quantitative computer tomography (HR-pQCT) at the radius and tibia as well as areal bone mineral density by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the hip and spine decreased significantly with the use of exemestane. The long term effects of exemestane on bone will be examined up to 5 years of therapy and then 2 years post therapy to delineate the effects of exemestane on bone strength. This research will inform us on the safety of exemestane for breast cancer prevention.
Read the detailed description
Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) substantially decrease estrogen levels in postmenopausal women; thus, they have the potential to prevent breast cancer, but they also have the potential to adversely affect bone. Previous animal data from our group suggests that exemestane, a steroid AI, may have a more favourable effect on bone metabolism than the non-steroidal AIs. Over the past few years, we have been conducting a 2-year companion study in a subset of women participating in the 5-year MAP.3 trial-- a primary breast cancer prevention trial conducted by the NCIC Clinical Trials Group (NCIC CTG) to examine the effects of exemestane on the prevention of breast cancer. This companion study is conducted at 3 geographic locations (Toronto, Canada; Mayo Clinic in Rochester (US) and at the University of California Davis in California (US)) in postmenopausal women who do not have osteoporosis at baseline, to investigate the effects of exemestane on bone structure and density in the first 2 years of taking exemestane.
On November 5 2010, the MAP.3 study reached an early primary breast cancer event-driven endpoint. Data analysis conducted March 2011 showed that after a median follow up of 35 months, exemestane was superior to placebo in breast cancer prevention. Based upon the positive results of the MAP.3 trial, and the relatively low incidence of adverse events seen in women receiving exemestane as compared to those receiving placebo, the trial committee and NCIC CTG have agreed not to close the study. Instead, a modified observational study will continue. We have also extended this 2-year study for another 3 years. Recent data suggests that there is a difference in changes in BMD (and perhaps fractures) in women with breast cancer, with the earlier effects (< 2 years) being worse than the late effects. As exemestane was found to be effective in the prevention of breast cancer, it is likely going to be used for 5 years. By extending this companion study for another 3 years, we will be able to determine the long term (up to 5 years) effects of exemestane on bone structure and density, and to compare the effects observed from 2 to 5 years of follow-up to those observed from baseline to 2 years.
The primary objectives of our original 2-year study and this extension study are to determine whether exemestane will cause a clinically and statistically significant difference in percent change in total volumetric bone mineral density (BMD) at the distal radius as measured by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HRpQCT) from baseline to 2 years and from 2 to 5 years, and 2 years post therapy,as compared to placebo. Our secondary objectives are: 1) to determine the effects of exemestane on cortical and trabecular volumetric BMD as measured by pQCT scans at 1, 2, 3 and 5 years; 2) to examine the effects of exemestane on other bone geometric parameters such as cortical thickness, trabecular thickness, trabecular separation and trabecular number at 1, 2, 3 and 5 years; 3) to investigate the effect of exemestane on the percent change in BMD at the lumbar spine (L1-L4) and the total hip as measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) from baseline to 1, 2, 3 and 5 years as compared to placebo; and 4) to determine the effect of 2 years of exemestane on bone strength index as compared to placebo. We will also compare the early (baseline to 2 years) and late (2 to 5 years) effects of exemestane on bone. All participants in this companion study are provided with calcium and vitamin D supplementation. Measurements of volumetric BMDs and bone geometric parameters are obtained by HRpQCT using Xtreme CT, and measurements of areal BMDs are obtained by DXA using Hologic or Lunar densitometers at baseline, 1, 2, 3 and 5 years, according to standard protocols.
The results of the proposed extension to the companion study will help us understand the long term effects and long term safety of exemestane on bone health in postmenopausal women at risk of developing breast cancer. Data on healthy postmenopausal women taking long term (2-5 years) exemestane does not exist at this time. Information from this study will help clinicians and women weigh the risks and benefits of using exemestane and make informed decisions regarding breast cancer prevention.
- Conditions
- Osteoporosis, Breast Cancer
- Keywords
- breast cancer prevention, osteoporosis
- Medical subject headings
- Osteoporosis, Breast Neoplasms
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| MAP3 Participants | study participants in the MAP.3 study are randomly assigned to either placebo or 25 mg exemestane daily for 5 years. Allocation is blinded. We are following 354 of these study participants and are blinded to treatment allocation. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Mean Percent Change in Total Volumetric Bone Mineral Density (BMD) Measured by High Resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computer Tomography (HR-PQCT) From Baseline to 24 Months
Mean percent change in total volumetric bone mineral density (BMD) measured by high resolution peripheral quantitative computer tomography )HR-pQCT from baseline to 24 months
Measured: 24 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted15 Jun 2010 (estimated)
- Study startApr 2007
- Primary completionMay 2013
- Study completionJan 2022
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (2)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for OsteoporosisStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University Health Network, TorontoThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 351 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University Health Network, Toronto
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Canadian Breast Cancer Research Alliance
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Angela MW Cheung, MD, PhD, Principal investigator, University Health Network, Toronto
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01144468
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 07-0168
- Acronym
- MAP3BSS
- Status last verified
- Nov 2022
- First submitted
- 11 Jun 2010
- Last updated
- 27 Mar 2024
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Publications
Goss PE, Ingle JN, Ales-Martinez JE, Cheung AM, Chlebowski RT, Wactawski-Wende J, McTiernan A, Robbins J, Johnson KC, Martin LW, Winquist E, Sarto GE, Garber JE, Fabian CJ, Pujol P, Maunsell E, Farmer P, Gelmon KA, Tu D, Richardson H; NCIC CTG MAP.3 Study Investigators. Exemestane for breast-cancer prevention in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med. 2011 Jun 23;364(25):2381-91. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1103507. Epub 2011 Jun 4.
PubMed 21639806Cheung AM, Tile L, Cardew S, Pruthi S, Robbins J, Tomlinson G, Kapral MK, Khosla S, Majumdar S, Erlandson M, Scher J, Hu H, Demaras A, Lickley L, Bordeleau L, Elser C, Ingle J, Richardson H, Goss PE. Bone density and structure in healthy postmenopausal women treated with exemestane for the primary prevention of breast cancer: a nested substudy of the MAP.3 randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2012 Mar;13(3):275-84. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(11)70389-8. Epub 2012 Feb 7.
PubMed 22318095
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 27 Mar 2024. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Exemestane on Bone Strength in Postmenopausal Women at Increased Risk of Developing Breast Cancer
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01144468
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- MAP3BSS / 07-0168
- Conditions
- Osteoporosis, Breast Cancer
- Keywords
- breast cancer prevention, osteoporosis
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 351 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University Health Network, TorontoUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Canadian Breast Cancer Research Alliance
- Study start
- Apr 2007
- Primary completion
- May 2013 (actual)
- Study completion
- Jan 2022 (actual)
- First posted
- 15 Jun 2010 (estimated)
- Results
- Posted 27 Mar 2024
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The NCIC CTG was conducting an international breast cancer prevention trial (MAP.3) examining the effects of a new therapy (exemestane) for breast cancer prevention in postmenopausal women at increased risk of developing this disease. Results showed that after a median follow up of 35 months, exemestane was superior to placebo in breast cancer prevention. Exemestane blocks estrogen production, which may be beneficial for preventing breast cancer, but may have negative effects on bone. As postmenopausal women are at risk for developing osteoporosis, determining whether exemestane causes bones to weaken is crucial for women considering it for long-term use. Dr. Cheung's team followed the bone health of 354 women in MAP.3 in detail over 2 years and found that volumetric bone mineral density (by high resolution peripheral quantitative computer tomography (HR-pQCT) at the radius and tibia as well as areal bone mineral density by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the hip and spine decreased significantly with the use of exemestane. The long term effects of exemestane on bone will be examined up to 5 years of therapy and then 2 years post therapy to delineate the effects of exemestane on bone strength. This research will inform us on the safety of exemestane for breast cancer prevention.
Detailed description
Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) substantially decrease estrogen levels in postmenopausal women; thus, they have the potential to prevent breast cancer, but they also have the potential to adversely affect bone. Previous animal data from our group suggests that exemestane, a steroid AI, may have a more favourable effect on bone metabolism than the non-steroidal AIs. Over the past few years, we have been conducting a 2-year companion study in a subset of women participating in the 5-year MAP.3 trial-- a primary breast cancer prevention trial conducted by the NCIC Clinical Trials Group (NCIC CTG) to examine the effects of exemestane on the prevention of breast cancer. This companion study is conducted at 3 geographic locations (Toronto, Canada; Mayo Clinic in Rochester (US) and at the University of California Davis in California (US)) in postmenopausal women who do not have osteoporosis at baseline, to investigate the effects of exemestane on bone structure and density in the first 2 years of taking exemestane.
On November 5 2010, the MAP.3 study reached an early primary breast cancer event-driven endpoint. Data analysis conducted March 2011 showed that after a median follow up of 35 months, exemestane was superior to placebo in breast cancer prevention. Based upon the positive results of the MAP.3 trial, and the relatively low incidence of adverse events seen in women receiving exemestane as compared to those receiving placebo, the trial committee and NCIC CTG have agreed not to close the study. Instead, a modified observational study will continue. We have also extended this 2-year study for another 3 years. Recent data suggests that there is a difference in changes in BMD (and perhaps fractures) in women with breast cancer, with the earlier effects (< 2 years) being worse than the late effects. As exemestane was found to be effective in the prevention of breast cancer, it is likely going to be used for 5 years. By extending this companion study for another 3 years, we will be able to determine the long term (up to 5 years) effects of exemestane on bone structure and density, and to compare the effects observed from 2 to 5 years of follow-up to those observed from baseline to 2 years.
The primary objectives of our original 2-year study and this extension study are to determine whether exemestane will cause a clinically and statistically significant difference in percent change in total volumetric bone mineral density (BMD) at the distal radius as measured by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HRpQCT) from baseline to 2 years and from 2 to 5 years, and 2 years post therapy,as compared to placebo. Our secondary objectives are: 1) to determine the effects of exemestane on cortical and trabecular volumetric BMD as measured by pQCT scans at 1, 2, 3 and 5 years; 2) to examine the effects of exemestane on other bone geometric parameters such as cortical thickness, trabecular thickness, trabecular separation and trabecular number at 1, 2, 3 and 5 years; 3) to investigate the effect of exemestane on the percent change in BMD at the lumbar spine (L1-L4) and the total hip as measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) from baseline to 1, 2, 3 and 5 years as compared to placebo; and 4) to determine the effect of 2 years of exemestane on bone strength index as compared to placebo. We will also compare the early (baseline to 2 years) and late (2 to 5 years) effects of exemestane on bone. All participants in this companion study are provided with calcium and vitamin D supplementation. Measurements of volumetric BMDs and bone geometric parameters are obtained by HRpQCT using Xtreme CT, and measurements of areal BMDs are obtained by DXA using Hologic or Lunar densitometers at baseline, 1, 2, 3 and 5 years, according to standard protocols.
The results of the proposed extension to the companion study will help us understand the long term effects and long term safety of exemestane on bone health in postmenopausal women at risk of developing breast cancer. Data on healthy postmenopausal women taking long term (2-5 years) exemestane does not exist at this time. Information from this study will help clinicians and women weigh the risks and benefits of using exemestane and make informed decisions regarding breast cancer prevention.
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| MAP3 Participants | – | –study participants in the MAP.3 study are randomly assigned to either placebo or 25 mg exemestane daily for 5 years. Allocation is blinded. We are following 354 of these study participants and are blinded to treatment allocation. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- Women randomized to the MAP.3 study from 5 participating locations were consecutively approached for participation in this companion study.
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Women participating in the MAP.3 clinical trial at centres with access to HR-pQCT
Key exclusion criteria (9 listed)
- Women with osteoporosis;
- Women with T-score of -2.0 or below at the lumbar spine (L1-L4), total hip or femoral neck;
- Women with a fragility fracture after age 40;
- Women who have been on any bone drug, such as hormone replacement therapy, selective estrogen receptor modulators, bisphosphonates, teriparatide, parathyroid hormone, sodium fluoride, strontium, calcitonin and high dose vitamin D (more than 2000iu of vitamin D3 daily),in the past 3 months;
- Women who have ever been on a bisphosphonate for more than 6 months;
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Primary outcome
Mean Percent Change in Total Volumetric Bone Mineral Density (BMD) Measured by High Resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computer Tomography (HR-PQCT) From Baseline to 24 Months
Time frame: 24 months
Mean percent change in total volumetric bone mineral density (BMD) measured by high resolution peripheral quantitative computer tomography )HR-pQCT from baseline to 24 months
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 27 Mar 2024.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Background: PubMed 21639806Goss PE, Ingle JN, Ales-Martinez JE, Cheung AM, Chlebowski RT, Wactawski-Wende J, McTiernan A, Robbins J, Johnson KC, Martin LW, Winquist E, Sarto GE, Garber JE, Fabian CJ, Pujol P, Maunsell E, Farmer P, Gelmon KA, Tu D, Richardson H; NCIC CTG MAP.3 Study Investigators. Exemestane for breast-cancer prevention in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med. 2011 Jun 23;364(25):2381-91. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1103507. Epub 2011 Jun 4.
- Results publication: PubMed 22318095Cheung AM, Tile L, Cardew S, Pruthi S, Robbins J, Tomlinson G, Kapral MK, Khosla S, Majumdar S, Erlandson M, Scher J, Hu H, Demaras A, Lickley L, Bordeleau L, Elser C, Ingle J, Richardson H, Goss PE. Bone density and structure in healthy postmenopausal women treated with exemestane for the primary prevention of breast cancer: a nested substudy of the MAP.3 randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2012 Mar;13(3):275-84. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(11)70389-8. Epub 2012 Feb 7.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Angela MW Cheung, MD, PhD principal investigator
University Health Network, Toronto
4 sites in 2 countries: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Osteoporosis and Breast Cancer, run by University Health Network, Toronto at 4 sites in 2 countries.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 9 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 27 Mar 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 4 sites in United States, Canada. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 27 Mar 2024). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Mean Percent Change in Total Volumetric Bone Mineral Density (BMD) Measured by High Resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computer Tomography (HR-PQCT) From Baseline to 24 Months (time frame: 24 months). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT01144468, which also lists 2 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 27 Mar 2024.