PainNCT01337739
Use of Dexmedetomidine for Deep Sedation in Patients Undergoing Outpatient Hysteroscopic Surgery
A study testing Active Comparator in people with Pain, run by Northwestern University at 2 sites in United States.
Trial summary
Patients undergoing deep sedation for outpatient procedures typically receive a combination of benzodiazepines, propofol, and opioids. Side effects of such anesthetics include respiratory depression, nausea and vomiting, and urinary retention, with resultant extended hospital stays and unanticipated admission. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 64 years, women only
- Conditions the study is for
- Pain
- What is being tested?
- Active Comparator
- Type of treatment
- Injection or infusion
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 8 participants
- Where
- 2 sitesUnited States
- Study dates
- Oct 2010to Apr 2012
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 64 years
- Women only
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- ASA I-II
- Age: 18-64 years
- Female
- Surgery: Gynecologic hysteroscopy
- Language: English speaking
- Consent: Obtained
Who cannot join
- Pregnant or breast feeding
- Significant arrhythmia or high degree atrioventricular nodal block
- Significant hepatic or renal dysfunction
- Chronic use or addiction to opiates or sedatives
- History of heavy alcohol usage (>4 drinks/day)
- Psychiatric or emotional disorder
Show all 9Show fewer
- Chronic use of α2-agonists
- Patients with OSA or BMI greater than 30
- Allergy to study drug or anesthetic medications utilized in the protocol
Trial locations and contacts
2 sites in 1 country.
United States2 sites
Northwestern Memorial Hospital
Chicago, Illinois, 60611
Prentice Womens Hospital
Chicago, Illinois, 60611
About this study
Patients undergoing deep sedation for outpatient procedures typically receive a combination of benzodiazepines, propofol, and opioids. Side effects of such anesthetics include respiratory depression, nausea and vomiting, and urinary retention, with resultant extended hospital stays and unanticipated admission. The use of dexmedetomidine for deep sedation may increase patient safety by maintaining respiratory drive, while providing sedation, hypnosis, and analgesia. Furthermore, patients may experience decreased pain, nausea, and time to discharge in the PACU, especially if dexmedetomidine decreases the requirement of other drugs such as opioids.
The hypothesis of this study is administration of dexmedetomidine during deep sedation for ambulatory hysteroscopic surgery will result in a 50% reduction of intraoperative opioid compared to sedation with propofol.
Read the detailed description
Patients will be recruited up to 21 days prior to the day of surgery. Preoperatively: A full preoperative assessment will be completed. Preoperatively, patients will be instructed on the proper use of the verbal rating scale (VRS) for pain and nausea scores. Patients will be randomized by a computer-generated scheme to receive prepared infusions containing either dexmedetomidine (4grams per milliliter or propofol (10 milligrams per milliliter) intraoperatively. The study drug infusions will be prepared by study personnel who are not involved in the assessments. Patients, medical personnel other than the anesthesiologist, and outcome assessors will be blinded to treatment allocation. Only the anesthesiologist administering the treatment infusion and medications intraoperatively will be aware of group allocation.
Intraoperatively: A standardized intraoperative anesthetic plan will be utilized by the anesthesia personnel.All patients will receive premedication with midazolam 2 milligrams intravenous bolus and ketorolac 30 milligrams via the intravenous catheter.
Intraoperative monitoring will include standard monitoring which includes noninvasive blood pressure, electrocardiography, pulse oximetry, and capnography. In addition transcutaneous CO2 will be monitored using the Tosca monitor.(Radiometer, Basel, Austria).
The study drug infusion will be started as either dexmedetomidine (1gram per kilogram over 10 min as a loading dose, followed by a maintenance infusion 0.2 to 1.5 grams per kilogram or propofol (started at 75gram per kilogram per minute and ranging from 12.5 to 125 gram per kilogram per minute titrated to maintain the Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale (OAA/SS) between 0-1. Intraoperative fluids will be restricted to 500 milliliter + 100mililiterml of Lactated Ringer's solution. At the onset of the procedure, the anesthesiologist will administer 0.7gram/kilogram bolus of fentanyl intravenous, followed by additional 25-50gram boluses for any patient movement to surgical stimulus. All patients will receive ondansetron 4 milligram IV 15-20 minutes prior to the end of surgery. Patients will receive glycopyrrolate 0.2 mg IV if HR decreases below 50 bpm.
Postoperatively:
In the recovery room, VRS for pain will be assessed upon admission and at 30 minute intervals thereafter. Analgesics will be administered according to the severity of the pain and degree of alertness.Vomiting and retching episodes.will be assessed at 30 minute intervals using a VRS, and patients with scores greater than 4 or those who request antiemetic treatment will be treated with metoclopramide 10 mg IV.
Recovery from anesthesia and return of psychomotor ability will be assessed using the Modified Post Anesthesia Discharge Scoring System (MPADSS). A score of 8 or greater will indicate discharge readiness. Discharge readiness requires that a patient be awake and alert with stable vital signs, able to ambulate without assistance, and free of side effects. 24 hours after discharge.
Times from end of surgery to oral intake and readiness for discharge, , and all adverse events and medications administered will be recorded. These data will be recorded by research staff blinded to the study group assignments. Subjects will be contacted by telephone 24 hours after surgery to obtain post-discharge data, including a repeat QoR-40 assessment.
- Conditions
- Pain
- Being tested
- Placebo Comparator, Active Comparator
- Keywords
- Hysteroscopic Surgery, Dexmedetomidine, Sedation, Opioids
- Medical subject headings
- Pain
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Placebo ComparatorDrug
Placebo administration (.9 normal saline sterile)
Active ComparatorDrug
Administration of Dexmedetomidine
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Placebo Comparator | Placebo comparator | Continuous infusion of placebo during operative procedure Receives: Drug: Placebo Comparator |
| Active Comparator | Active comparator | Administration of Dexmedetomidine Receives: Drug: Active Comparator |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
The Primary Outcome Will be the Difference in Intraoperative Opioid (Fentanyl) Administration Between Patients Receiving Dexmedetomidine and Those Receiving Propofol.
The primary outcome will be the difference in intraoperative opioid (fentanyl) administration between patients receiving dexmedetomidine and those receiving propofol. As described by mean and standard deviation.
Measured: Interoperative period
Secondary outcomes (1)
Time to Discharge
Time to discharge from the Post Anesthesia Care Unit or home or to hospital room.
Measured: 24 Hours
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted19 Apr 2011 (estimated)
- Study startOct 2010
- Primary completionApr 2012
- Study completionApr 2012
Why it stopped: The study drug delayed time of discharge which is clinically impracticable.
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (12)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for PainStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Northwestern UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Investigator
- Enrolment
- 8 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Northwestern University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Shireen Ahmad, Northwestern University
- Investigators
- Shireen Ahmad, MD, Principal investigator, Northwestern University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01337739
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- STU00027663
- Status last verified
- May 2013
- First submitted
- 19 Apr 2010
- Last updated
- 12 Jul 2013
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- No
Publications
Bhananker SM, Posner KL, Cheney FW, Caplan RA, Lee LA, Domino KB. Injury and liability associated with monitored anesthesia care: a closed claims analysis. Anesthesiology. 2006 Feb;104(2):228-34. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200602000-00005.
PubMed 16436839Panzer O, Moitra V, Sladen RN. Pharmacology of sedative-analgesic agents: dexmedetomidine, remifentanil, ketamine, volatile anesthetics, and the role of peripheral mu antagonists. Crit Care Clin. 2009 Jul;25(3):451-69, vii. doi: 10.1016/j.ccc.2009.04.004.
PubMed 19576524Bhana N, Goa KL, McClellan KJ. Dexmedetomidine. Drugs. 2000 Feb;59(2):263-8; discussion 269-70. doi: 10.2165/00003495-200059020-00012.
PubMed 10730549Kaygusuz K, Gokce G, Gursoy S, Ayan S, Mimaroglu C, Gultekin Y. A comparison of sedation with dexmedetomidine or propofol during shockwave lithotripsy: a randomized controlled trial. Anesth Analg. 2008 Jan;106(1):114-9, table of contents. doi: 10.1213/01.ane.0000296453.75494.64.
PubMed 18165564Taghinia AH, Shapiro FE, Slavin SA. Dexmedetomidine in aesthetic facial surgery: improving anesthetic safety and efficacy. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2008 Jan;121(1):269-276. doi: 10.1097/01.prs.0000293867.05857.90.
PubMed 18176230Koroglu A, Teksan H, Sagir O, Yucel A, Toprak HI, Ersoy OM. A comparison of the sedative, hemodynamic, and respiratory effects of dexmedetomidine and propofol in children undergoing magnetic resonance imaging. Anesth Analg. 2006 Jul;103(1):63-7, table of contents. doi: 10.1213/01.ANE.0000219592.82598.AA.
PubMed 16790627Bergese SD, Khabiri B, Roberts WD, Howie MB, McSweeney TD, Gerhardt MA. Dexmedetomidine for conscious sedation in difficult awake fiberoptic intubation cases. J Clin Anesth. 2007 Mar;19(2):141-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2006.07.005.
PubMed 17379129McCutcheon CA, Orme RM, Scott DA, Davies MJ, McGlade DP. A comparison of dexmedetomidine versus conventional therapy for sedation and hemodynamic control during carotid endarterectomy performed under regional anesthesia. Anesth Analg. 2006 Mar;102(3):668-75. doi: 10.1213/01.ane.0000197777.62397.d5.
PubMed 16492813Arain SR, Ebert TJ. The efficacy, side effects, and recovery characteristics of dexmedetomidine versus propofol when used for intraoperative sedation. Anesth Analg. 2002 Aug;95(2):461-6, table of contents. doi: 10.1097/00000539-200208000-00042.
PubMed 12145072Tufanogullari B, White PF, Peixoto MP, Kianpour D, Lacour T, Griffin J, Skrivanek G, Macaluso A, Shah M, Provost DA. Dexmedetomidine infusion during laparoscopic bariatric surgery: the effect on recovery outcome variables. Anesth Analg. 2008 Jun;106(6):1741-8. doi: 10.1213/ane.0b013e318172c47c.
PubMed 18499604Chernik DA, Gillings D, Laine H, Hendler J, Silver JM, Davidson AB, Schwam EM, Siegel JL. Validity and reliability of the Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale: study with intravenous midazolam. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1990 Aug;10(4):244-51.
PubMed 2286697Chung F. Discharge criteria--a new trend. Can J Anaesth. 1995 Nov;42(11):1056-8. doi: 10.1007/BF03011083.
PubMed 8590498
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 12 Jul 2013. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Use of Dexmedetomidine for Deep Sedation in Patients Undergoing Outpatient Hysteroscopic Surgery
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01337739
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- STU00027663
- Conditions
- Pain
- Keywords
- Hysteroscopic Surgery, Dexmedetomidine, Sedation, Opioids
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- TerminatedReason stopped: The study drug delayed time of discharge which is clinically impracticable.
- Enrolment
- 8 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Northwestern UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- Oct 2010
- Primary completion
- Apr 2012 (actual)
- Study completion
- Apr 2012 (actual)
- First posted
- 19 Apr 2011 (estimated)
- Results
- Posted 12 Jul 2013
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Patients undergoing deep sedation for outpatient procedures typically receive a combination of benzodiazepines, propofol, and opioids. Side effects of such anesthetics include respiratory depression, nausea and vomiting, and urinary retention, with resultant extended hospital stays and unanticipated admission. The use of dexmedetomidine for deep sedation may increase patient safety by maintaining respiratory drive, while providing sedation, hypnosis, and analgesia. Furthermore, patients may experience decreased pain, nausea, and time to discharge in the PACU, especially if dexmedetomidine decreases the requirement of other drugs such as opioids.
The hypothesis of this study is administration of dexmedetomidine during deep sedation for ambulatory hysteroscopic surgery will result in a 50% reduction of intraoperative opioid compared to sedation with propofol.
Detailed description
Patients will be recruited up to 21 days prior to the day of surgery. Preoperatively: A full preoperative assessment will be completed. Preoperatively, patients will be instructed on the proper use of the verbal rating scale (VRS) for pain and nausea scores. Patients will be randomized by a computer-generated scheme to receive prepared infusions containing either dexmedetomidine (4grams per milliliter or propofol (10 milligrams per milliliter) intraoperatively. The study drug infusions will be prepared by study personnel who are not involved in the assessments. Patients, medical personnel other than the anesthesiologist, and outcome assessors will be blinded to treatment allocation. Only the anesthesiologist administering the treatment infusion and medications intraoperatively will be aware of group allocation.
Intraoperatively: A standardized intraoperative anesthetic plan will be utilized by the anesthesia personnel.All patients will receive premedication with midazolam 2 milligrams intravenous bolus and ketorolac 30 milligrams via the intravenous catheter.
Intraoperative monitoring will include standard monitoring which includes noninvasive blood pressure, electrocardiography, pulse oximetry, and capnography. In addition transcutaneous CO2 will be monitored using the Tosca monitor.(Radiometer, Basel, Austria).
The study drug infusion will be started as either dexmedetomidine (1gram per kilogram over 10 min as a loading dose, followed by a maintenance infusion 0.2 to 1.5 grams per kilogram or propofol (started at 75gram per kilogram per minute and ranging from 12.5 to 125 gram per kilogram per minute titrated to maintain the Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale (OAA/SS) between 0-1. Intraoperative fluids will be restricted to 500 milliliter + 100mililiterml of Lactated Ringer's solution. At the onset of the procedure, the anesthesiologist will administer 0.7gram/kilogram bolus of fentanyl intravenous, followed by additional 25-50gram boluses for any patient movement to surgical stimulus. All patients will receive ondansetron 4 milligram IV 15-20 minutes prior to the end of surgery. Patients will receive glycopyrrolate 0.2 mg IV if HR decreases below 50 bpm.
Postoperatively:
In the recovery room, VRS for pain will be assessed upon admission and at 30 minute intervals thereafter. Analgesics will be administered according to the severity of the pain and degree of alertness.Vomiting and retching episodes.will be assessed at 30 minute intervals using a VRS, and patients with scores greater than 4 or those who request antiemetic treatment will be treated with metoclopramide 10 mg IV.
Recovery from anesthesia and return of psychomotor ability will be assessed using the Modified Post Anesthesia Discharge Scoring System (MPADSS). A score of 8 or greater will indicate discharge readiness. Discharge readiness requires that a patient be awake and alert with stable vital signs, able to ambulate without assistance, and free of side effects. 24 hours after discharge.
Times from end of surgery to oral intake and readiness for discharge, , and all adverse events and medications administered will be recorded. These data will be recorded by research staff blinded to the study group assignments. Subjects will be contacted by telephone 24 hours after surgery to obtain post-discharge data, including a repeat QoR-40 assessment.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind (participant, care provider, investigator)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Placebo Comparator | Placebo comparator | Drug: Placebo ComparatorContinuous infusion of placebo during operative procedure |
| Active Comparator | Active comparator | Drug: Active ComparatorAdministration of Dexmedetomidine |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 64 years
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- ASA I-II
- Age: 18-64 years
- Female
- Surgery: Gynecologic hysteroscopy
- Language: English speaking
Key exclusion criteria (9 listed)
- Pregnant or breast feeding
- Significant arrhythmia or high degree atrioventricular nodal block
- Significant hepatic or renal dysfunction
- Chronic use or addiction to opiates or sedatives
- History of heavy alcohol usage (>4 drinks/day)
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Placebo ComparatorPlacebo administration (.9 normal saline sterile) | Drug | Placebo Comparator |
| Active ComparatorAdministration of Dexmedetomidine | Drug | Active Comparator |
Primary outcome
The Primary Outcome Will be the Difference in Intraoperative Opioid (Fentanyl) Administration Between Patients Receiving Dexmedetomidine and Those Receiving Propofol.
Time frame: Interoperative period
The primary outcome will be the difference in intraoperative opioid (fentanyl) administration between patients receiving dexmedetomidine and those receiving propofol. As described by mean and standard deviation.
1 secondary outcome
Time to Discharge
Time frame: 24 Hours
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 12 Jul 2013.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Background: PubMed 16436839Bhananker SM, Posner KL, Cheney FW, Caplan RA, Lee LA, Domino KB. Injury and liability associated with monitored anesthesia care: a closed claims analysis. Anesthesiology. 2006 Feb;104(2):228-34. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200602000-00005.
- Background: PubMed 19576524Panzer O, Moitra V, Sladen RN. Pharmacology of sedative-analgesic agents: dexmedetomidine, remifentanil, ketamine, volatile anesthetics, and the role of peripheral mu antagonists. Crit Care Clin. 2009 Jul;25(3):451-69, vii. doi: 10.1016/j.ccc.2009.04.004.
- Background: PubMed 10730549Bhana N, Goa KL, McClellan KJ. Dexmedetomidine. Drugs. 2000 Feb;59(2):263-8; discussion 269-70. doi: 10.2165/00003495-200059020-00012.
- Background: PubMed 18165564Kaygusuz K, Gokce G, Gursoy S, Ayan S, Mimaroglu C, Gultekin Y. A comparison of sedation with dexmedetomidine or propofol during shockwave lithotripsy: a randomized controlled trial. Anesth Analg. 2008 Jan;106(1):114-9, table of contents. doi: 10.1213/01.ane.0000296453.75494.64.
- Background: PubMed 18176230Taghinia AH, Shapiro FE, Slavin SA. Dexmedetomidine in aesthetic facial surgery: improving anesthetic safety and efficacy. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2008 Jan;121(1):269-276. doi: 10.1097/01.prs.0000293867.05857.90.
- Background: PubMed 16790627Koroglu A, Teksan H, Sagir O, Yucel A, Toprak HI, Ersoy OM. A comparison of the sedative, hemodynamic, and respiratory effects of dexmedetomidine and propofol in children undergoing magnetic resonance imaging. Anesth Analg. 2006 Jul;103(1):63-7, table of contents. doi: 10.1213/01.ANE.0000219592.82598.AA.
- Background: PubMed 17379129Bergese SD, Khabiri B, Roberts WD, Howie MB, McSweeney TD, Gerhardt MA. Dexmedetomidine for conscious sedation in difficult awake fiberoptic intubation cases. J Clin Anesth. 2007 Mar;19(2):141-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2006.07.005.
- Background: PubMed 16492813McCutcheon CA, Orme RM, Scott DA, Davies MJ, McGlade DP. A comparison of dexmedetomidine versus conventional therapy for sedation and hemodynamic control during carotid endarterectomy performed under regional anesthesia. Anesth Analg. 2006 Mar;102(3):668-75. doi: 10.1213/01.ane.0000197777.62397.d5.
- Background: PubMed 12145072Arain SR, Ebert TJ. The efficacy, side effects, and recovery characteristics of dexmedetomidine versus propofol when used for intraoperative sedation. Anesth Analg. 2002 Aug;95(2):461-6, table of contents. doi: 10.1097/00000539-200208000-00042.
- Background: PubMed 18499604Tufanogullari B, White PF, Peixoto MP, Kianpour D, Lacour T, Griffin J, Skrivanek G, Macaluso A, Shah M, Provost DA. Dexmedetomidine infusion during laparoscopic bariatric surgery: the effect on recovery outcome variables. Anesth Analg. 2008 Jun;106(6):1741-8. doi: 10.1213/ane.0b013e318172c47c.
- Background: PubMed 2286697Chernik DA, Gillings D, Laine H, Hendler J, Silver JM, Davidson AB, Schwam EM, Siegel JL. Validity and reliability of the Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale: study with intravenous midazolam. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1990 Aug;10(4):244-51.
- Background: PubMed 8590498Chung F. Discharge criteria--a new trend. Can J Anaesth. 1995 Nov;42(11):1056-8. doi: 10.1007/BF03011083.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Shireen Ahmad, MD principal investigator
Northwestern University
2 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Active Comparator in people with Pain, run by Northwestern University at 2 sites in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 9 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: stopped early, as of the sponsor's last update on 12 Jul 2013. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 2 sites in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 12 Jul 2013). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
The Primary Outcome Will be the Difference in Intraoperative Opioid (Fentanyl) Administration Between Patients Receiving Dexmedetomidine and Those Receiving Propofol. (time frame: Interoperative period). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT01337739, which also lists 12 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 12 Jul 2013.