Chronic Kidney DiseasePhase 2RADARNCT01356849
Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Once Daily Administration of Atrasentan Tablets (Low and High) Compared to Placebo in Reducing Residual Albuminuria in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Nephropathy Who Are Treated With the Maximum Tolerated Labeled Dose of a Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) Inhibitor
A Phase 2 study testing Atrasentan in people with Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetic Nephropathy, run by AbbVie (prior sponsor, Abbott) at 72 sites in 4 countries.
Trial summary
Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Multicenter Study. The objective of the study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of once daily administration of atrasentan tablets (low dose and high dose) compared to placebo in reducing residual albuminuria in Type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Chronic Kidney Disease, Diabetic Nephropathy
- What is being tested?
- Atrasentan
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 149 participants
- Where
- 72 sitesin 4 countries
- Study dates
- Apr 2011to Aug 2012
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Patient is > or = 18 years old.
- Patient has Type 2 diabetes and has been treated with at least one anti hyperglycemic medication within the 12 months prior to the Screening Period.
- Patient is currently receiving an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) or Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) (Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) inhibitor).
- For entry in the Run-in Period the patient must satisfy the following criteria based on the Screening laboratory values:
- Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 30 and ≤ 75 mL/min/1.73m2 by Epidemiology Collaboration (EPI) formula
- Urinary Albumin to Creatinine Ratio (UACR) > or = 300 and < or = 3500 mg/g as determined by the geometric mean of the two morning void urine specimens obtained at the Screening visit (UACR > or = 34 mg/mmol and < or = 396 mg/mmol)
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- Serum albumin > or = 3.0 g/dL (30 g/L) - B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) < or = 200 pg/mL (57.8 pmol/L) * Negative serum pregnancy test for female patients
- Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) > or = 110 mmHg and < or = 180 mmHg
- Glucosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) < or = 12%
- For entry in the Treatment Period the patient must satisfy the following criteria based on the last visit of the Run-in Period laboratory values:
- Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) inhibitor at maximum tolerated labeled dose for the previous 4 weeks with no adjustments of dose
- Diuretic at any dose unless medically contraindicated (with the exception of loop diuretics > or = 120 mg QD of furosemide or > or = 3.0 mg QD of bumetanide or > or = 150 mg QD of ethacrynic acid or > or = 60 mg QD of torasemide)
- Urinary Albumin to Creatinine Ratio (UACR) > or = 200 and < or = 3500 mg/g as determined by the median of the three morning void urine specimens obtained prior to the Week -1 visit (UACR > or = 23 mg/mmol and < or = 396 mg/mmol)
- Systolic blood pressure (SBP) > or = 110 mmHg and < or = 160 mmHg
- Serum Potassium < or = 5.5 mEq/L (5.5 mmol/L)
- Negative serum pregnancy test for female patients
Who cannot join
- Patient has a history of moderate or severe edema, facial edema unrelated to trauma, or a history of myxedema in the prior 6 months to Screening.
- Patient is receiving loop diuretics > or = 120 mg QD of furosemide or > or = 3.0 mg QD of bumetanide or > or = 150 mg QD of ethacrynic acid or > or = 60 mg QD of torasemide.
- Patient has a history of pulmonary edema.
- Patient has a history of pulmonary hypertension, or any lung diseases requiring oxygen therapy (i.e., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema, pulmonary fibrosis).
- Patient has a history of orthostatic hypotension within the past 6 months as defined by the presence of a supine-to-standing blood pressure decrease > or = 20 mmHg systolic or > or = 10 mmHg diastolic within 3 minutes of standing.
Trial locations and contacts
72 sites in 4 countries.
72 sites in 4 countries
United States59 sites
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 50483
Albany, New York, 12206
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 46026
Alexandria, Virginia, 22304
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 65863
Asheville, North Carolina, 28801
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 46016
Azusa, California, 91702
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 46669
Bennington, Vermont, 05201
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 46023
Brooklyn Center, Minnesota, 55430
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 46666
Chicago, Illinois, 60616
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 45992
Chula Vista, California, 91910
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 46033
Coral Gables, Florida, 33134
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 46224
Doylestown, Pennsylvania, 18901
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 45996
Evergreen Park, Illinois, 60805
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 46027
Fairfax, Virginia, 22030
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 46062
Farmington, Missouri, 63640
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 50529
Greensboro, North Carolina, 27408
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 46129
Greenville, North Carolina, 27834
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 46024
Greenville, Texas, 75402
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 46002
Gurnee, Illinois, 60031
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 45989
Hialeah, Florida, 33012
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 46228
Houston, Texas, 77004
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 47068
Houston, Texas, 77004
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 64464
Houston, Texas, 77054
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 50482
Jonesboro, Georgia, 30236
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 46000
La Mesa, California, 91942
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 46116
Las Vegas, Nevada, 89106
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 46667
Lauderdale Lakes, Florida, 33313
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 46038
Lincoln, California, 95648
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 45994
Long Beach, California, 90806
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 45998
Los Angeles, California, 90022
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 47584
Los Gatos, California, 95032
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 46034
Meridian, Idaho, 83642
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 46123
Miami, Florida, 33135
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 64483
Mission, Texas, 78572
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 46022
Morehead City, North Carolina, 28557
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 64465
National City, California, 91950
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 68328
New Hyde Park, New York, 11042
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 46025
Novi, Michigan, 48374
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 46115
Ocala, Florida, 34471
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 48942
Omaha, Nebraska, 68131-3403
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 46349
Omaha, Nebraska, 68131
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 65862
Orange, California, 92868
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 46028
Orangeburg, South Carolina, 29118
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 46702
Orangeburg, South Carolina, 29118
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 46030
Oxon Hill, Maryland, 20745
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 46345
Pell City, Alabama, 35128
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 46664
Pembroke Pines, Florida, 33027
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 46031
Pembroke Pines, Florida, 33028
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 46040
Pembroke Pines, Florida, 33028
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 46122
Port Charlotte, Florida, 33952
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 46019
Riverside, California, 92505
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 45991
Rockville, Maryland, 20852
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 46110
Salinas, California, 93901
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 46348
San Antonio, Texas, 78215
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 46063
San Antonio, Texas, 78229-4801
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 68486
San Antonio, Texas, 78229
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 46111
Shreveport, Louisiana, 71101
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 46035
Tempe, Arizona, 85284
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 46015
West Palm Beach, Florida, 33401
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 46662
Westminster, Colorado, 80031
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 46017
Yuba City, California, 95991
Puerto Rico8 sites
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 47067
Caguas, 00725
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 50522
Manati, 00674
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 46352
Ponce, 00717-1322
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 46351
Ponce, 00717-2075
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 46133
Ponce, 00717
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 46131
Rio Piedras, 00935
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 46132
San Juan, 00918
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 46230
Santurce, 00909-2244
Canada3 sites
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 67762
Kitchener, N2H 5Z8
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 50526
Sarnia, N7T 4X3
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 50525
Thornhill, L4J 8L7
Taiwan2 sites
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 51566
Taichung, 40447
Site Reference ID/Investigator# 51567
Taichung, 40705
About this study
Official title: RADAR: Reducing Residual Albuminuria in Subjects With Diabetes and Nephropathy With AtRasentan - A Phase 2b, Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Evaluate Safety and Efficacy
Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Multicenter Study. The objective of the study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of once daily administration of atrasentan tablets (low dose and high dose) compared to placebo in reducing residual albuminuria in Type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy who are treated with the maximum tolerated labeled dose of a Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) inhibitor. If the patient is already receiving a maximum tolerated labeled daily dose of RAS inhibitor and a diuretic, he/she will complete 4 weeks of the Run-in Period on a dose that has not been adjusted. If the patient is currently not receiving a maximum labeled daily dose of a RAS inhibitor then the dose will be titrated up to the maximum tolerated labeled dose over the course of 4 to 8 weeks during the Run-in Period. It is expected that subjects not receiving a diuretic will have a diuretic added or titrated during this period to maximize RAS inhibition. Following titration to the maximum tolerated labeled dose, the patient will complete an additional 4 weeks of Run-In Period on an unchanged doses of RAS inhibitor and diuretics, unless medically contraindicated. The randomization will be stratified based on country where subjects are enrolled into the study, and the Week -1 Urinary Albumin to Creatinine Ratio (UACR) levels (< or = 1000 mg/g [113 mg/mmol], or > 1000 mg/g [113 mg/mmol]). Within each stratum, subjects will be randomly assigned in a 1:2:2 ratio to one of the following blinded treatment groups: Group A - Placebo once daily (QD) Group B - low dose atrasentan QD Group C - high dose atrasentan QD After the 12 weeks of study drug treatment, subjects will be followed up to 30 days.
- Conditions
- Chronic Kidney Disease, Diabetic Nephropathy
- Being tested
- Atrasentan, Placebo
- Keywords
- Endothelin Receptor Antagonists, Proteinuria
- Medical subject headings
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Diabetic Nephropathies, Proteinuria
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
AtrasentanDrug
Also called ABT-627
Subjects will take two tablets daily of either low dose Atrasentan QD or high dose Atrasentan QD for 12 weeks during the treatment period.
PlaceboDrug
Subjects will take two tablets daily of placebo QD for 12 weeks during the treatment period.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Group A - Placebo QD | Placebo comparator | Not described Receives: Drug: Placebo |
| Group B - Low dose Atrasentan QD | Active comparator | Not described Receives: Drug: Atrasentan |
| Group C - High dose Atrasentan QD | Active comparator | Not described Receives: Drug: Atrasentan |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change from baseline to Week 12 in Urinary Albumin to Creatinine Ratio (UACR)
Measured: Every two weeks for 12 weeks
Secondary outcomes (3)
Differences in change from baseline to each post baseline measure for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)
Measured: Every two weeks for 12 weeks
Differences in change from baseline to each post baseline measure for EQ-5D Index Score
Measured: Once a month for 3 months
Differences in change from baseline to each post baseline measure for each of the Kidney Disease Quality of Life (KDQOL) Kidney Disease Targeted Scales
Measured: Once a month for 3 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted20 May 2011 (estimated)
- Study startApr 2011
- Primary completionAug 2012
- Study completionAug 2012
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (2)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Chronic Kidney DiseaseStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Quadruple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 149 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- AbbVie (prior sponsor, Abbott)
- Sponsor type
- Industry (pharma, biotech, devices)
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Blai Coll, MD, Study director, AbbVie
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01356849
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- M11-350
- Acronym
- RADAR
- Status last verified
- Aug 2013
- First submitted
- 19 Apr 2011
- Last updated
- 28 Aug 2013
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
Publications
Smeijer JD, Kohan DE, Rossing P, Correa-Rotter R, Liew A, Tang SCW, de Zeeuw D, Gansevoort RT, Ju W, Lambers Heerspink HJ. Insulin resistance, kidney outcomes and effects of the endothelin receptor antagonist atrasentan in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2023 Sep 16;22(1):251. doi: 10.1186/s12933-023-01964-8.
PubMed 37716952Lin CW, Mostafa NM, L Andress D, J Brennan J, Klein CE, Awni WM. Relationship Between Atrasentan Concentrations and Urinary Albumin to Creatinine Ratio in Western and Japanese Patients With Diabetic Nephropathy. Clin Ther. 2018 Feb;40(2):242-251. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2017.07.011. Epub 2017 Jul 27.
PubMed 28756065
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 28 Aug 2013. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- RADAR: Reducing Residual Albuminuria in Subjects With Diabetes and Nephropathy With AtRasentan - A Phase 2b, Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Evaluate Safety and Efficacy
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01356849
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- RADAR / M11-350
- Conditions
- Chronic Kidney Disease, Diabetic Nephropathy
- Keywords
- Endothelin Receptor Antagonists, Proteinuria
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 149 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- AbbVie (prior sponsor, Abbott)Industry (pharma, biotech, devices)
- Study start
- Apr 2011
- Primary completion
- Aug 2012 (actual)
- Study completion
- Aug 2012 (actual)
- First posted
- 20 May 2011 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Multicenter Study. The objective of the study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of once daily administration of atrasentan tablets (low dose and high dose) compared to placebo in reducing residual albuminuria in Type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy who are treated with the maximum tolerated labeled dose of a Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) inhibitor. If the patient is already receiving a maximum tolerated labeled daily dose of RAS inhibitor and a diuretic, he/she will complete 4 weeks of the Run-in Period on a dose that has not been adjusted. If the patient is currently not receiving a maximum labeled daily dose of a RAS inhibitor then the dose will be titrated up to the maximum tolerated labeled dose over the course of 4 to 8 weeks during the Run-in Period. It is expected that subjects not receiving a diuretic will have a diuretic added or titrated during this period to maximize RAS inhibition. Following titration to the maximum tolerated labeled dose, the patient will complete an additional 4 weeks of Run-In Period on an unchanged doses of RAS inhibitor and diuretics, unless medically contraindicated. The randomization will be stratified based on country where subjects are enrolled into the study, and the Week -1 Urinary Albumin to Creatinine Ratio (UACR) levels (< or = 1000 mg/g [113 mg/mmol], or > 1000 mg/g [113 mg/mmol]). Within each stratum, subjects will be randomly assigned in a 1:2:2 ratio to one of the following blinded treatment groups: Group A - Placebo once daily (QD) Group B - low dose atrasentan QD Group C - high dose atrasentan QD After the 12 weeks of study drug treatment, subjects will be followed up to 30 days.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Quadruple blind (participant, care provider, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Group A - Placebo QD | Placebo comparator | Drug: Placebo |
| Group B - Low dose Atrasentan QD | Active comparator | Drug: Atrasentan |
| Group C - High dose Atrasentan QD | Active comparator | Drug: Atrasentan |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (16 listed)
- Patient is > or = 18 years old.
- Patient has Type 2 diabetes and has been treated with at least one anti hyperglycemic medication within the 12 months prior to the Screening Period.
- Patient is currently receiving an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) or Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) (Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) inhibitor).
- For entry in the Run-in Period the patient must satisfy the following criteria based on the Screening laboratory values:
- For entry in the Treatment Period the patient must satisfy the following criteria based on the last visit of the Run-in Period laboratory values:
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Patient has a history of moderate or severe edema, facial edema unrelated to trauma, or a history of myxedema in the prior 6 months to Screening.
- Patient is receiving loop diuretics > or = 120 mg QD of furosemide or > or = 3.0 mg QD of bumetanide or > or = 150 mg QD of ethacrynic acid or > or = 60 mg QD of torasemide.
- Patient has a history of pulmonary edema.
- Patient has a history of pulmonary hypertension, or any lung diseases requiring oxygen therapy (i.e., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema, pulmonary fibrosis).
- Patient has a history of orthostatic hypotension within the past 6 months as defined by the presence of a supine-to-standing blood pressure decrease > or = 20 mmHg systolic or > or = 10 mmHg diastolic within 3 minutes of standing.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| AtrasentanAlso: ABT-627Subjects will take two tablets daily of either low dose Atrasentan QD or high dose Atrasentan QD for 12 weeks during the treatment period. | Drug | Group B - Low dose Atrasentan QD, Group C - High dose Atrasentan QD |
| PlaceboSubjects will take two tablets daily of placebo QD for 12 weeks during the treatment period. | Drug | Group A - Placebo QD |
Primary outcome
Change from baseline to Week 12 in Urinary Albumin to Creatinine Ratio (UACR)
Time frame: Every two weeks for 12 weeks
3 secondary outcomes
Differences in change from baseline to each post baseline measure for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)
Time frame: Every two weeks for 12 weeks
Differences in change from baseline to each post baseline measure for EQ-5D Index Score
Time frame: Once a month for 3 months
Differences in change from baseline to each post baseline measure for each of the Kidney Disease Quality of Life (KDQOL) Kidney Disease Targeted Scales
Time frame: Once a month for 3 months
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 28 Aug 2013.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 37716952Smeijer JD, Kohan DE, Rossing P, Correa-Rotter R, Liew A, Tang SCW, de Zeeuw D, Gansevoort RT, Ju W, Lambers Heerspink HJ. Insulin resistance, kidney outcomes and effects of the endothelin receptor antagonist atrasentan in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2023 Sep 16;22(1):251. doi: 10.1186/s12933-023-01964-8.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 28756065Lin CW, Mostafa NM, L Andress D, J Brennan J, Klein CE, Awni WM. Relationship Between Atrasentan Concentrations and Urinary Albumin to Creatinine Ratio in Western and Japanese Patients With Diabetic Nephropathy. Clin Ther. 2018 Feb;40(2):242-251. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2017.07.011. Epub 2017 Jul 27.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Blai Coll, MD study director
AbbVie
72 sites in 4 countries: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 2 study testing Atrasentan in people with Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetic Nephropathy, run by AbbVie (prior sponsor, Abbott) at 72 sites in 4 countries.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 16 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 28 Aug 2013. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 72 sites in United States, Puerto Rico, Canada, Taiwan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change from baseline to Week 12 in Urinary Albumin to Creatinine Ratio (UACR) (time frame: Every two weeks for 12 weeks). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT01356849, which also lists 2 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 28 Aug 2013; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 8 Nov 2026.