ViolenceCBIMNCT01367704
Evaluation Of "Coaching Boys Into Men" (CBIM) Program
A study testing "Coaching Boys Into Men" program in people with Violence and Abuse, run by University of Pittsburgh at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
Despite the high prevalence of adolescent relationship abuse (ARA) reported among adolescent females and substantial reports of perpetration by young males, effective prevention programs to prevent ARA are limited. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 14 to 18 years, men only
- What is being tested?
- "Coaching Boys Into Men" program
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 2,006 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- Oct 2009to Oct 2011
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 14 to 18 years
- Men only
- No healthy volunteers
- Child, Adult
Who may be able to join
- -urban and suburban public high schools in Sacramento region with athletics program
- Exclusion Criteria -private high schools, rural high schools
- Coach Eligibility:
- coaching an athletic team at one of the participating schools (intervention or control)
- age 18 or older
- ages 14-18 (grades 9 to 12)
Show all 9Show fewer
- student at one of the participating high schools
- able to read English
- participating in an athletic program led by a coach willing to participate in the research study
Who cannot join
- -not coaching an athletic team at the participating schools
- Athlete Eligibility:
- outside age range
- not participating on sports team at the high school in which they are enrolled
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213
About this study
Official title: A Randomized Controlled Trial of an Adolescent Relationship Abuse Prevention Program Entitled "Coaching Boys Into Men"
Despite the high prevalence of adolescent relationship abuse (ARA) reported among adolescent females and substantial reports of perpetration by young males, effective prevention programs to prevent ARA are limited. Male athletes are an important target for prevention efforts given their higher rates of abuse perpetration compared to non-athlete peers as well as their social influence among their peers. This cluster-randomized school-based investigation examines the effectiveness of a program for the primary prevention of ARA. "Coaching Boys into Men" (CBIM) is a social norms theory-based program intended to alter norms that foster ARA perpetration, promote bystander intervention, and reduce ARA perpetration by engaging athletic coaches as positive role models to deliver violence prevention scripts and tools to high school age male athletes. Coaches receive a 60-minute training session to administer the intervention to their athletes via 11 lessons across a sport season. Trained high school coaches talk to their male athletes about 1) what constitutes disrespectful and harmful vs. respectful behaviors, 2) promoting more gender-equitable attitudes, and 3) modeling bystander intervention when disrespectful behaviors toward women and girls are witnessed. The current investigation evaluates the intervention in 16 urban high schools randomized either to receive the CBIM program (i.e., intervention schools, n=8) or to a control condition (n=8). Baseline computer-based surveys are collected for all intervention and control site student athletes entering grades 9 through 12 at the start of each of three sports seasons across Year 1 (Time 1). Follow up surveys are collected for these same athletes at the end of their first sports season (Time 2). Participating athletes in grades 9 - 11 at baseline are re-surveyed 12 months after Time 1 to examine the longer term effects of the CBIM intervention (Time 3; N of athletes completing all 3 waves of data collection = 1500). Primary assessment of intervention effects are based on intent-to-treat estimates, utilizing generalized linear mixed models to account for clustering arising from school randomization. Hypothesized outcomes for male athletes include a) an increase in recognition of what constitutes abusive behaviors, b) more gender-equitable attitudes, c) an increase in intentions and reports of bystander intervention regarding ARA, and through these intermediate outcomes, d) a decrease in perpetration of ARA among adolescent male athletes.
Read the detailed description
Additional process evaluation includes baseline and follow up surveys with coaches (from both intervention and control arms), individual interviews with coaches, as well as focus groups with students to collect coach and athlete perspectives on the relevance and local impact of the intervention program.
- Being tested
- "Coaching Boys Into Men" program
- Keywords
- gender-based violence, intimate partner violence, relationship abuse, sexual harassment, sexual violence
- Medical subject headings
- Sexual Harassment
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
"Coaching Boys Into Men" programBehavioural
Coaching Boys into Men (CBIM) program consists of a 60 minute training for high school coaches led by a violence prevention advocate to introduce coaches to the rationale for CBIM and the CBIM Coaches Kit. The Coaches use this CBIM toolkit to provide weekly discussions with their athletes (generally 10-15 minute mini-sessions) throughout their athletic season (11 weeks). Discussion topics include how to prevent disrespectful and harmful behaviors towards women and girls and how to promote healthy choices and relationships among youth.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Control School | Active comparator | Control schools (where the coaches do not receive the Coaching Boys into Men (CBIM) training until following academic year 'wait list control') Receives: Behavioral: "Coaching Boys Into Men" program |
| Intervention School | Experimental | Intervention schools (where coaches receive the CBIM training at start of sports season) Receives: Behavioral: "Coaching Boys Into Men" program |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change From Baseline to 3 Months Using the Recognition of Abusive Behavior Scale
Recognition of disrespectful and harmful behaviors against girls as abusive comparing baseline and follow up mean scores, using a 5-point Likert-like scale ranging from "not abusive" to "extremely abusive" (minimum = 1 and maximum = 5). This scale was developed by Silverman et al to assess perceptions of the degree of abusiveness of specified relationship behaviors and modeled as a mean of responses to 12 items.
Measured: 3 months
Change From Baseline to 3 Months Using the Gender Equitable Attitudes Scale
Assessment of gender-equitable attitudes comparing baseline mean score with follow up mean score, using a 5-point Likert-like scale ranging from "strongly agree" to "strongly disagree" (minimum = 1 and maximum = 5). This scale includes questions modified from Barker's Gender-Equitable Norms Scale and modeled as a mean of responses to 11 items.
Measured: 3 months
Change From Baseline to 3 Months Using the Intentions to Intervene Scale
Proclivity to intervene when witnessing disrespectful and harmful behaviors among peers comparing baseline and follow up mean scores, using a 5-point Likert-like scale ranging from "very unlikely" to "very likely" (minimum = 1 and maximum = 5). This scale was investigator developed by Miller (PI) et al to assess participants report of how likely they would be to do something to stop the behavior and modeled as a mean of 8 items.
Measured: 3 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted7 Jun 2011 (estimated)
- Study startOct 2009
- Primary completionOct 2011
- Study completionOct 2011
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (3)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for ViolenceStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of PittsburghThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 2,006 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Pittsburgh
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Elizabeth Miller, University of Pittsburgh
- Investigators
- Elizabeth Miller, MD, PhD, Principal investigator, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01367704
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- PRO11060186
- Other IDs
- 1R01CE001561-01
- Acronym
- CBIM
- Status last verified
- Jul 2014
- First submitted
- 1 Jun 2011
- Last updated
- 8 Aug 2014
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- No
Publications
Jones KA, Tancredi DJ, Abebe KZ, Paglisotti T, Miller E. Cases of Sexual Assault Prevented in an Athletic Coach-Delivered Gender Violence Prevention Program. Prev Sci. 2021 May;22(4):504-508. doi: 10.1007/s11121-021-01210-1. Epub 2021 Jan 22.
PubMed 33481150Miller E, Tancredi DJ, McCauley HL, Decker MR, Virata MCD, Anderson HA, O'Connor B, Silverman JG. One-year follow-up of a coach-delivered dating violence prevention program: a cluster randomized controlled trial. Am J Prev Med. 2013 Jul;45(1):108-112. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2013.03.007.
PubMed 23790995Miller E, Tancredi DJ, McCauley HL, Decker MR, Virata MC, Anderson HA, Stetkevich N, Brown EW, Moideen F, Silverman JG. "Coaching boys into men": a cluster-randomized controlled trial of a dating violence prevention program. J Adolesc Health. 2012 Nov;51(5):431-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.01.018. Epub 2012 Mar 25.
PubMed 23084163
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 8 Aug 2014. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Randomized Controlled Trial of an Adolescent Relationship Abuse Prevention Program Entitled "Coaching Boys Into Men"
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01367704
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- CBIM / PRO11060186
- Keywords
- gender-based violence, intimate partner violence, relationship abuse, sexual harassment, sexual violence
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 2,006 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of PittsburghUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Study start
- Oct 2009
- Primary completion
- Oct 2011 (actual)
- Study completion
- Oct 2011 (actual)
- First posted
- 7 Jun 2011 (estimated)
- Results
- Posted 8 Aug 2014
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Despite the high prevalence of adolescent relationship abuse (ARA) reported among adolescent females and substantial reports of perpetration by young males, effective prevention programs to prevent ARA are limited. Male athletes are an important target for prevention efforts given their higher rates of abuse perpetration compared to non-athlete peers as well as their social influence among their peers. This cluster-randomized school-based investigation examines the effectiveness of a program for the primary prevention of ARA. "Coaching Boys into Men" (CBIM) is a social norms theory-based program intended to alter norms that foster ARA perpetration, promote bystander intervention, and reduce ARA perpetration by engaging athletic coaches as positive role models to deliver violence prevention scripts and tools to high school age male athletes. Coaches receive a 60-minute training session to administer the intervention to their athletes via 11 lessons across a sport season. Trained high school coaches talk to their male athletes about 1) what constitutes disrespectful and harmful vs. respectful behaviors, 2) promoting more gender-equitable attitudes, and 3) modeling bystander intervention when disrespectful behaviors toward women and girls are witnessed. The current investigation evaluates the intervention in 16 urban high schools randomized either to receive the CBIM program (i.e., intervention schools, n=8) or to a control condition (n=8). Baseline computer-based surveys are collected for all intervention and control site student athletes entering grades 9 through 12 at the start of each of three sports seasons across Year 1 (Time 1). Follow up surveys are collected for these same athletes at the end of their first sports season (Time 2). Participating athletes in grades 9 - 11 at baseline are re-surveyed 12 months after Time 1 to examine the longer term effects of the CBIM intervention (Time 3; N of athletes completing all 3 waves of data collection = 1500). Primary assessment of intervention effects are based on intent-to-treat estimates, utilizing generalized linear mixed models to account for clustering arising from school randomization. Hypothesized outcomes for male athletes include a) an increase in recognition of what constitutes abusive behaviors, b) more gender-equitable attitudes, c) an increase in intentions and reports of bystander intervention regarding ARA, and through these intermediate outcomes, d) a decrease in perpetration of ARA among adolescent male athletes.
Detailed description
Additional process evaluation includes baseline and follow up surveys with coaches (from both intervention and control arms), individual interviews with coaches, as well as focus groups with students to collect coach and athlete perspectives on the relevance and local impact of the intervention program.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Control School | Active comparator | Behavioral: "Coaching Boys Into Men" programControl schools (where the coaches do not receive the Coaching Boys into Men (CBIM) training until following academic year 'wait list control') |
| Intervention School | Experimental | Behavioral: "Coaching Boys Into Men" programIntervention schools (where coaches receive the CBIM training at start of sports season) |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 14 to 18 years
- Sex
- Male only
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult
Key inclusion criteria (9 listed)
- -urban and suburban public high schools in Sacramento region with athletics program
- Exclusion Criteria -private high schools, rural high schools
- coaching an athletic team at one of the participating schools (intervention or control)
- age 18 or older
- ages 14-18 (grades 9 to 12)
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- -not coaching an athletic team at the participating schools
- outside age range
- not participating on sports team at the high school in which they are enrolled
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| "Coaching Boys Into Men" programCoaching Boys into Men (CBIM) program consists of a 60 minute training for high school coaches led by a violence prevention advocate to introduce coaches to the rationale for CBIM and the CBIM Coaches Kit. The Coaches use this CBIM toolkit to provide weekly discussions with their athletes (generally 10-15 minute mini-sessions) throughout their athletic season (11 weeks). Discussion topics include how to prevent disrespectful and harmful behaviors towards women and girls and how to promote healthy choices and relationships among youth. | Behavioural | Control School, Intervention School |
Primary outcome
Change From Baseline to 3 Months Using the Recognition of Abusive Behavior Scale
Time frame: 3 months
Recognition of disrespectful and harmful behaviors against girls as abusive comparing baseline and follow up mean scores, using a 5-point Likert-like scale ranging from "not abusive" to "extremely abusive" (minimum = 1 and maximum = 5). This scale was developed by Silverman et al to assess perceptions of the degree of abusiveness of specified relationship behaviors and modeled as a mean of responses to 12 items.
Change From Baseline to 3 Months Using the Gender Equitable Attitudes Scale
Time frame: 3 months
Assessment of gender-equitable attitudes comparing baseline mean score with follow up mean score, using a 5-point Likert-like scale ranging from "strongly agree" to "strongly disagree" (minimum = 1 and maximum = 5). This scale includes questions modified from Barker's Gender-Equitable Norms Scale and modeled as a mean of responses to 11 items.
Change From Baseline to 3 Months Using the Intentions to Intervene Scale
Time frame: 3 months
Proclivity to intervene when witnessing disrespectful and harmful behaviors among peers comparing baseline and follow up mean scores, using a 5-point Likert-like scale ranging from "very unlikely" to "very likely" (minimum = 1 and maximum = 5). This scale was investigator developed by Miller (PI) et al to assess participants report of how likely they would be to do something to stop the behavior and modeled as a mean of 8 items.
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 8 Aug 2014.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 33481150Jones KA, Tancredi DJ, Abebe KZ, Paglisotti T, Miller E. Cases of Sexual Assault Prevented in an Athletic Coach-Delivered Gender Violence Prevention Program. Prev Sci. 2021 May;22(4):504-508. doi: 10.1007/s11121-021-01210-1. Epub 2021 Jan 22.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 23790995Miller E, Tancredi DJ, McCauley HL, Decker MR, Virata MCD, Anderson HA, O'Connor B, Silverman JG. One-year follow-up of a coach-delivered dating violence prevention program: a cluster randomized controlled trial. Am J Prev Med. 2013 Jul;45(1):108-112. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2013.03.007.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 23084163Miller E, Tancredi DJ, McCauley HL, Decker MR, Virata MC, Anderson HA, Stetkevich N, Brown EW, Moideen F, Silverman JG. "Coaching boys into men": a cluster-randomized controlled trial of a dating violence prevention program. J Adolesc Health. 2012 Nov;51(5):431-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.01.018. Epub 2012 Mar 25.
Related trials for Violence
Recruiting
Virtual Reality Intervention (VR-GINSO) for Reducing Aggression in Young Offenders
Aggression
RecruitingObservational study
Self-Dehumanization and Hesitation to Report Domestic Violence
Domestic Violence
Recruiting
Adjunctive Motivational Alcohol Intervention to Prevent IPV
Alcohol Use and Intimate Partner Violence
Active, not recruiting
YES: Innovative Discussion for Engagement, Achievement, and Service
Violence Prevention
RecruitingPhase 2
Study of Cross-Cutting E-Health Prevention Approaches
Alcohol Misuse Prevention, Sexual Violence Prevention
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Elizabeth Miller, MD, PhD principal investigator
Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing "Coaching Boys Into Men" program in people with Violence and Abuse, run by University of Pittsburgh at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 9 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 8 Aug 2014. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 8 Aug 2014). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change From Baseline to 3 Months Using the Recognition of Abusive Behavior Scale (time frame: 3 months). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT01367704, which also lists 3 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 8 Aug 2014.