DiabetesEarly Phase 1AFAPNCT01382121
Adolescent Fitness Assessment Program
A Early Phase 1 study testing Peer Modeling in people with Diabetes, run by University of Western Ontario, Canada at 1 site in Canada.
Trial summary
The purpose of this study is to implement a peer modeling intervention to improve self-efficacy and aerobic fitness in obese youth. A total of 40 obese (defined as Body Mass Index greater than the 95th percentile for age and gender) youth will participate in this study. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 10 to 17 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Diabetes
- What is being tested?
- Peer Modeling
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 49 participants
- Where
- 1 siteCanada
- Study dates
- Sep 2010to May 2012
- Phase
- Early Phase 1
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 10 to 17 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child
Who may be able to join
- Children and adolescents aged 10-17 years who are obese, defined as Body Mass Index greater than the 95th percentile for age and gender
Who cannot join
- Participants who smoke, are pregnant or have an illness or disease will be excluded from the study.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Canada1 site
Exercise and Health Psychology Laboratory
London, Ontario, N6A 5B9
About this study
Official title: Increasing Self-efficacy and VO2 Max Scores in Obese Adolescents: a Peer Modeling Intervention
The purpose of this study is to implement a peer modeling intervention to improve self-efficacy and aerobic fitness in obese youth. A total of 40 obese (defined as Body Mass Index greater than the 95th percentile for age and gender) youth will participate in this study.
Read the detailed description
There has been a dramatic increase in the prevalence of overweight and obese children in all regions of Canada. In fact, Canada has one of the highest rates of childhood obesity compared to other developed countries. This is disconcerting because this preventative condition is strongly associated with the risk of future disease, such as adult obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular problems and psychosocial distress. This trend is a driving factor to develop effective strategies for assessment and intervention.
Aerobic fitness is the ability of the cardiovascular and respiratory system to deliver oxygen to working muscles and utilize that oxygen to produce energy. Aerobic fitness is a strong indicator of physical activity and also correlates with the aforementioned diseases. It is measured as peak ventilatory oxygen (peak VO2; mL/kg min), and is evaluated using a maximal incremental exercise protocol on a treadmill, whereby expired gases are analyzed using a metabolic cart. Aerobic fitness values are inconsistent in youth, particularly obese youth. This discrepancy is due to low self-efficacy. Self-efficacy refers to the belief that one has the power and capabilities to produce an effect. Low self-efficacy is prominent in obese youth because they lack actual and perceived physical competence and social support. This may translate into less effort invested by this population into physical activity, and by the same token, aerobic fitness tests. To date, no experimental studies have attempted to address these psychological variables and apply an intervention to achieve accurate peak VO2 values in obese adolescents.
Peer modelling is the demonstration of particular behaviors that are learned observationally and is a powerful source of self-efficacy. This mode of learning has been very successful in increasing the consumption of new foods (36 subjects) and activity levels (100 subjects) in children. Based on this success, it would suggest that the investigators could confidently apply it to this study. Therefore the main objective is to examine the effect of a modeling intervention (DVD film) on self-efficacy and peak VO2 in obese youth during a maximal treadmill test. Models will demonstrate and articulate increased confidence to perform the test and offer a variety of strategies to cope with the maximal effort and overcome the associated challenges during the test (e.g. shortness of breath, sweating, and increased heart rate). The models will not be participants in the study.
Obese (defined as Body Mass Index greater than the 95th percentile for age and gender) youth (10-17 years, N = 40) who receive written consent from a parent or guardian will be asked to participate in the study. Prior to undertaking the aerobic fitness test, children are required to seek approval from their family physician by completing the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q).
Participants will be randomized after baseline measures are completed into one of two conditions: peer modeling intervention or control to ensure group equivalency. Following randomization, participants in the intervention group will watch the peer modeling DVD film in the lab. Those in the control group will view a DVD film of similar length about nutrition. After seven days, participants in both groups will return for follow-up. One week is a suitable interval because it provides time for participants to reflect on any information they received from the DVD films and minimize external confounding factors, while not providing enough time to see changes in fitness (which requires approximately 3 months). Prior to the second exercise test, participants will watch the DVD film they viewed the previous week. Afterwards, participants will complete their peak VO2 test and self-reported measures. All participants will be asked not to change their normal physical activity patterns during the week.
To complete a peak VO2 test, participants will be required to complete a maximal incremental exercise protocol on a treadmill. The test will be conducted by trained personnel and terminated when participants are unable to continue the protocol, or when their vital signs warranted discontinuation.
The results of this RCT will provide an accurate measurement of aerobic fitness, which is crucial to assessing health status, risk of disease and assisting in planning programs aimed at improving quality of life in adolescents.
- Conditions
- Diabetes
- Being tested
- Peer Modeling, Control
- Keywords
- Peer modeling, Observational learning, Obesity, Adolescents, Maximum ventilatory oxygen, Aerobic fitness, Health behaviour
- Medical subject headings
- Diabetes Mellitus, Obesity
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Peer ModelingBehavioural
Also called Observational Learning, Coping Model
Participants watch a video of an adolescent completing the fitness test and explaining coping mechanisms to preform the test well.
ControlBehavioural
Also called Contact control, Active control
watching a video unrelated to the fitness test and self-efficacy
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Peer modeling | Experimental | Participants watch a video geared to increase confidence in ability to preform fitness test. Male participants will watch a video of a male adolescent completing the fitness test and talking about coping mechanisms used to preform to the best of his ability. Female participants will watch a video of a female adolescent completing the fitness test and talking about coping mechanisms used to preform to the best of her ability. Receives: Behavioral: Peer Modeling |
| Control | Active comparator | Participants watch a video unrelated to the fitness test and self-efficacy. The video depicts healthy food and nutrition options. Receives: Behavioral: Control |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Physiological measure: Aerobic Fitness
Changes in aerobic fitness from baseline (day 1) to follow-up (day 7) will be evaluated by a trained exercise physiologist using a standardized, maximal incremental exercise protocol (Modified Bruce protocol) on a treadmill. Expired gases will be analyzed using a metabolic cart (Cosmed Quark B2 cardiopulmonary testing, Image Monitoring). Peak oxygen consumption (Peak VO2) will be determined by taking the highest values during a 15 second period and expressed in absolute (l/min) and relative (ml/kg/min) units with the latter unit used for subsequent analysis.
Measured: Baseline (day 1) and follow-up (day 7)
Psychological: Self-Efficacy
Changes in self-efficacy from baseline (day 1) to follow-up (day 7) will be evaluated by an 18-item Self-Efficacy Scale (adapted from McAuley \& Milhalko, 1998) to evaluate participants' confidence to successfully perform increasing intensities and durations of physical activity.
Measured: Baseline (day 1) and follow-up (day 7)
Secondary outcomes (1)
Changes in variability (standard deviation)
Changes in variability (standard deviation) in the aerobic fitness and self-efficacy data will be analyzed using statistical software.
Measured: Baseline (day 1) and follow-up (day 7)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted27 Jun 2011 (estimated)
- Study startSep 2010
- Primary completionApr 2012
- Study completionMay 2012
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (7)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for DiabetesStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Early Phase 1
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 49 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Western Ontario, Canada
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Harry Prapavessis, PhD, Principal investigator, The University of Western Ontario
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01382121
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- PeakVO2 PM RCT
- Acronym
- AFAP
- Status last verified
- Jun 2012
- First submitted
- 21 Apr 2011
- Last updated
- 26 Jun 2012
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
Publications
Willms JD, Tremblay MS, Katzmarzyk PT. Geographic and demographic variation in the prevalence of overweight Canadian children. Obes Res. 2003 May;11(5):668-73. doi: 10.1038/oby.2003.95.
PubMed 12740457Cairney J, Hay JA, Faught BE, Leger L, Mathers B. Generalized self-efficacy and performance on the 20-metre shuttle run in children. Am J Hum Biol. 2008 Mar-Apr;20(2):132-8. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.20690.
PubMed 17990324Carrel AL, Sledge JS, Ventura SJ, Clark RR, Peterson SE, Eickhoff J, Allen DB. Measuring aerobic cycling power as an assessment of childhood fitness. J Strength Cond Res. 2007 Aug;21(3):685-8. doi: 10.1519/R-22606.1.
PubMed 17685725Korsten-Reck U, Kaspar T, Korsten K, Kromeyer-Hauschild K, Bos K, Berg A, Dickhuth HH. Motor abilities and aerobic fitness of obese children. Int J Sports Med. 2007 Sep;28(9):762-7. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-964968. Epub 2007 May 11.
PubMed 17497579Jones RA, Okely AD, Caputi P, Cliff DP. Perceived and actual competence among overweight and non-overweight children. J Sci Med Sport. 2010 Nov;13(6):589-96. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2010.04.002. Epub 2010 Jul 2.
PubMed 20580314Greenhalgh J, Dowey AJ, Horne PJ, Fergus Lowe C, Griffiths JH, Whitaker CJ. Positive- and negative peer modelling effects on young children's consumption of novel blue foods. Appetite. 2009 Jun;52(3):646-653. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2009.02.016. Epub 2009 Mar 6.
PubMed 19501762Horne PJ, Hardman CA, Lowe CF, Rowlands AV. Increasing children's physical activity: a peer modelling, rewards and pedometer-based intervention. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2009 Feb;63(2):191-8. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602915. Epub 2007 Sep 19.
PubMed 17882131
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 26 Jun 2012. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Increasing Self-efficacy and VO2 Max Scores in Obese Adolescents: a Peer Modeling Intervention
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01382121
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- AFAP / PeakVO2 PM RCT
- Conditions
- Diabetes
- Keywords
- Peer modeling, Observational learning, Obesity, Adolescents, Maximum ventilatory oxygen, Aerobic fitness, Health behaviour
- Phase
- Early Phase 1
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 49 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of Western Ontario, CanadaUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- Sep 2010
- Primary completion
- Apr 2012 (actual)
- Study completion
- May 2012 (actual)
- First posted
- 27 Jun 2011 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of this study is to implement a peer modeling intervention to improve self-efficacy and aerobic fitness in obese youth. A total of 40 obese (defined as Body Mass Index greater than the 95th percentile for age and gender) youth will participate in this study.
Detailed description
There has been a dramatic increase in the prevalence of overweight and obese children in all regions of Canada. In fact, Canada has one of the highest rates of childhood obesity compared to other developed countries. This is disconcerting because this preventative condition is strongly associated with the risk of future disease, such as adult obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular problems and psychosocial distress. This trend is a driving factor to develop effective strategies for assessment and intervention.
Aerobic fitness is the ability of the cardiovascular and respiratory system to deliver oxygen to working muscles and utilize that oxygen to produce energy. Aerobic fitness is a strong indicator of physical activity and also correlates with the aforementioned diseases. It is measured as peak ventilatory oxygen (peak VO2; mL/kg min), and is evaluated using a maximal incremental exercise protocol on a treadmill, whereby expired gases are analyzed using a metabolic cart. Aerobic fitness values are inconsistent in youth, particularly obese youth. This discrepancy is due to low self-efficacy. Self-efficacy refers to the belief that one has the power and capabilities to produce an effect. Low self-efficacy is prominent in obese youth because they lack actual and perceived physical competence and social support. This may translate into less effort invested by this population into physical activity, and by the same token, aerobic fitness tests. To date, no experimental studies have attempted to address these psychological variables and apply an intervention to achieve accurate peak VO2 values in obese adolescents.
Peer modelling is the demonstration of particular behaviors that are learned observationally and is a powerful source of self-efficacy. This mode of learning has been very successful in increasing the consumption of new foods (36 subjects) and activity levels (100 subjects) in children. Based on this success, it would suggest that the investigators could confidently apply it to this study. Therefore the main objective is to examine the effect of a modeling intervention (DVD film) on self-efficacy and peak VO2 in obese youth during a maximal treadmill test. Models will demonstrate and articulate increased confidence to perform the test and offer a variety of strategies to cope with the maximal effort and overcome the associated challenges during the test (e.g. shortness of breath, sweating, and increased heart rate). The models will not be participants in the study.
Obese (defined as Body Mass Index greater than the 95th percentile for age and gender) youth (10-17 years, N = 40) who receive written consent from a parent or guardian will be asked to participate in the study. Prior to undertaking the aerobic fitness test, children are required to seek approval from their family physician by completing the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q).
Participants will be randomized after baseline measures are completed into one of two conditions: peer modeling intervention or control to ensure group equivalency. Following randomization, participants in the intervention group will watch the peer modeling DVD film in the lab. Those in the control group will view a DVD film of similar length about nutrition. After seven days, participants in both groups will return for follow-up. One week is a suitable interval because it provides time for participants to reflect on any information they received from the DVD films and minimize external confounding factors, while not providing enough time to see changes in fitness (which requires approximately 3 months). Prior to the second exercise test, participants will watch the DVD film they viewed the previous week. Afterwards, participants will complete their peak VO2 test and self-reported measures. All participants will be asked not to change their normal physical activity patterns during the week.
To complete a peak VO2 test, participants will be required to complete a maximal incremental exercise protocol on a treadmill. The test will be conducted by trained personnel and terminated when participants are unable to continue the protocol, or when their vital signs warranted discontinuation.
The results of this RCT will provide an accurate measurement of aerobic fitness, which is crucial to assessing health status, risk of disease and assisting in planning programs aimed at improving quality of life in adolescents.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Peer modeling | Experimental | Behavioral: Peer ModelingParticipants watch a video geared to increase confidence in ability to preform fitness test. Male participants will watch a video of a male adolescent completing the fitness test and talking about coping mechanisms used to preform to the best of his ability. Female participants will watch a video of a female adolescent completing the fitness test and talking about coping mechanisms used to preform to the best of her ability. |
| Control | Active comparator | Behavioral: ControlParticipants watch a video unrelated to the fitness test and self-efficacy. The video depicts healthy food and nutrition options. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 10 to 17 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Children and adolescents aged 10-17 years who are obese, defined as Body Mass Index greater than the 95th percentile for age and gender
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Participants who smoke, are pregnant or have an illness or disease will be excluded from the study.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Peer ModelingAlso: Observational Learning, Coping ModelParticipants watch a video of an adolescent completing the fitness test and explaining coping mechanisms to preform the test well. | Behavioural | Peer modeling |
| ControlAlso: Contact control, Active controlwatching a video unrelated to the fitness test and self-efficacy | Behavioural | Control |
Primary outcome
Physiological measure: Aerobic Fitness
Time frame: Baseline (day 1) and follow-up (day 7)
Changes in aerobic fitness from baseline (day 1) to follow-up (day 7) will be evaluated by a trained exercise physiologist using a standardized, maximal incremental exercise protocol (Modified Bruce protocol) on a treadmill. Expired gases will be analyzed using a metabolic cart (Cosmed Quark B2 cardiopulmonary testing, Image Monitoring). Peak oxygen consumption (Peak VO2) will be determined by taking the highest values during a 15 second period and expressed in absolute (l/min) and relative (ml/kg/min) units with the latter unit used for subsequent analysis.
Psychological: Self-Efficacy
Time frame: Baseline (day 1) and follow-up (day 7)
Changes in self-efficacy from baseline (day 1) to follow-up (day 7) will be evaluated by an 18-item Self-Efficacy Scale (adapted from McAuley \& Milhalko, 1998) to evaluate participants' confidence to successfully perform increasing intensities and durations of physical activity.
1 secondary outcome
Changes in variability (standard deviation)
Time frame: Baseline (day 1) and follow-up (day 7)
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 26 Jun 2012.
- Background: PubMed 12740457Willms JD, Tremblay MS, Katzmarzyk PT. Geographic and demographic variation in the prevalence of overweight Canadian children. Obes Res. 2003 May;11(5):668-73. doi: 10.1038/oby.2003.95.
- Background: PubMed 17990324Cairney J, Hay JA, Faught BE, Leger L, Mathers B. Generalized self-efficacy and performance on the 20-metre shuttle run in children. Am J Hum Biol. 2008 Mar-Apr;20(2):132-8. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.20690.
- Background: PubMed 17685725Carrel AL, Sledge JS, Ventura SJ, Clark RR, Peterson SE, Eickhoff J, Allen DB. Measuring aerobic cycling power as an assessment of childhood fitness. J Strength Cond Res. 2007 Aug;21(3):685-8. doi: 10.1519/R-22606.1.
- Background: PubMed 17497579Korsten-Reck U, Kaspar T, Korsten K, Kromeyer-Hauschild K, Bos K, Berg A, Dickhuth HH. Motor abilities and aerobic fitness of obese children. Int J Sports Med. 2007 Sep;28(9):762-7. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-964968. Epub 2007 May 11.
- Background: PubMed 20580314Jones RA, Okely AD, Caputi P, Cliff DP. Perceived and actual competence among overweight and non-overweight children. J Sci Med Sport. 2010 Nov;13(6):589-96. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2010.04.002. Epub 2010 Jul 2.
- Background: PubMed 19501762Greenhalgh J, Dowey AJ, Horne PJ, Fergus Lowe C, Griffiths JH, Whitaker CJ. Positive- and negative peer modelling effects on young children's consumption of novel blue foods. Appetite. 2009 Jun;52(3):646-653. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2009.02.016. Epub 2009 Mar 6.
- Background: PubMed 17882131Horne PJ, Hardman CA, Lowe CF, Rowlands AV. Increasing children's physical activity: a peer modelling, rewards and pedometer-based intervention. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2009 Feb;63(2):191-8. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602915. Epub 2007 Sep 19.
- Exercise and Health Psychology LaboratoryLink provided by the sponsor.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Harry Prapavessis, PhD principal investigator
The University of Western Ontario
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Early Phase 1 study testing Peer Modeling in people with Diabetes, run by University of Western Ontario, Canada at 1 site in Canada.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 26 Jun 2012. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Canada. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Early Phase 1 (sometimes called Phase 0) studies give a very small amount of a treatment to a few people, mainly to see how the body handles it.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Physiological measure: Aerobic Fitness (time frame: Baseline (day 1) and follow-up (day 7)). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT01382121, which also lists 7 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 26 Jun 2012.