Dental PlaquePhase 1/2NCT01580943
Efficacy of Two Commercially Available Chlorhexidine Mouthrinses Non-alcohol Base
A Phase 1/2 study testing Chlorhexidine in people with Dental Plaque, run by Universidade do Porto at 1 site in Portugal.
Trial summary
The purpose of this study was to compare the antiplaque efficacy of a 0,12% chlorhexidine and 0,05% cetyl-pyridinium chloride mouth rinse (Perio-aid®) with a 0,2% chlorhexidine non-alcohol base mouth rinse (Corsodyl Care®). Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Dental Plaque
- What is being tested?
- Chlorhexidine
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 50 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePortugal
- Study dates
- Oct 2011to Mar 2012
- Phase
- Phase 1/2
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Good general health without a medical history or medication that might interfere with the conduct of the study
- Dentition with at least 24 teeth (minimum of five teeth per quadrant)
- Periodontal health, pockets < 5mm
Who cannot join
- Pregnant women or in lactation
- Participants with orthodontic or removable dental appliances
- Known allergies to CHX, CPC or to another ingredient of the mouth rinses
- Systemic antibiotic intake in the previous 3 months
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Portugal1 site
Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade do Porto
Porto, Porto District, 4200-393
About this study
Official title: Efficacy of Two Commercially Available Chlorhexidine Mouthrinses Non-alcohol Base - a Randomized Clinical Trial
The purpose of this study was to compare the antiplaque efficacy of a 0,12% chlorhexidine and 0,05% cetyl-pyridinium chloride mouth rinse (Perio-aid®) with a 0,2% chlorhexidine non-alcohol base mouth rinse (Corsodyl Care®).
Read the detailed description
Dental plaque is a bacterial biofilm adhering to the tooth surfaces and is not the same in the different areas of the tooth: there is the supragingival, the plaque from the gingival margin and subgingival plaque. It is mainly composed of complex bacterial populations organized in a carbohydrate matrix also containing a small number of epithelial cells, leukocytes, macrophages and inorganic components such as calcium and phosphorus. This biofilm develops in virtually all places where there are damp surfaces and teeth are a very stable support for bacterial colonization. Mechanical oral hygiene procedures such as tooth brushing, dental flossing and inter-dental brushing is the most effective method for plaque removal but mouth rinses containing anti-microbials play an important role in maintaining oral health.
Chlorhexidine (CHX) digluconate, a cationic biguanide, is known to be an effective anti-plaque and anti-inflammatory agent and is the gold standard in chemical plaque control. The benefits of CHX are based on the high intra-oral substantivity and its bactericidal and bacteriostatic activities. This ingredient, when delivered orally, is free from systemic toxicity and microbial resistance, and supra-infections do not occur. It has been proven in several "in vitro" and "in vivo" studies, the safety and long-term efficacy of CHX mouth rinses. There have been suggested many indications for the use of this antiseptic and plaque control is one of the most important factors for proper healing after periodontal surgery and implant therapy.
The 0.2% CHX solution became the standard international concentration, due to his development in Europe but similar levels of plaque inhibition can be achieved with larger volumes of lower concentration solutions of CHX.
A lower concentration of CHX (0.12%) has been tested in several studies and has also been shown to confer clinical benefits. More important than the concentration of CHX seems to be the dose which balances efficacy against local side effects and user acceptability. The optimum dose is considered to be about 20 mg twice daily.
Clinically, the 0,12% CHX have been found to be similarly effective as 0.2% if the volume of the rinse was increased from 10 to 15 ml, yielding an 18 mg dose on each occasion but with respect to plaque growth inhibition, there is a small but significant difference in favour of the 0.2% CHX concentration.
CHX mouthrinses can have a variety of side effects and the most common, according to the manufacturers of these products, are loss of taste, tongue burning and irritation of the oral mucosa. Some brands have lowered the concentration of CHX in their mouthrinses and removed the ethanol in order to eliminate side effects such as soreness and to improve acceptability. A study concluded that the perturbation of taste perception after using 0.12% CHX is significantly lower than that after using 0.2% CHX. On the other hand, another studies concluded that there was no significant difference in terms of taste perception.
This study was a double-blinded, randomized two group parallel, to compare the antiplaque efficacy of two mouth rinses, during a 3-day plaque accumulation model, in periodontal healthy patients. After supragingival prophylaxis participants rinsed twice a day over a 72h non-brushing period. Primary outcome variable was plaque index. As secondary outcomes the taste and side effects variables were studied. Mann-Whitney, χ2 and Fisher's Exact tests were used to compare the variables
- Conditions
- Dental Plaque
- Being tested
- Chlorhexidine
- Keywords
- Chlorhexidine, Cetyl pyridinium chloride, Mouth rinse, Antiplaque Efficacy, Self Efficacy, Taste Sweet, Side Effects
- Medical subject headings
- Dental Plaque
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
ChlorhexidineDrug
Also called 0,12% CHX with 0,05% CPC (Perioaid®), 0,2% CHX non-alcohol base (Corsodyl® Care)
Over a 72-h experimental non-brushing period, subjects abstained from all forms of mechanical oral hygiene and one group (test) used an 0.12% CHX mouthrinse with 0.05% CPC (Perioaid®), twice daily for 30 seconds and the other group (positive control) used a 0.2% CHX mouthrinse alcohol free (Corsodyl® Care), twice daily for 60 seconds. These regimens are suggested by the manufacturers in the instructions
ChlorhexidineDrug
All subjects received a questionnaire using a visual analogue scale designed to evaluate their taste to the mouthrinse, which they had used (What is your opinion concerning the taste of the mouth rinse?). Subjects marked a point on a 10 cm long uncalibrated line with the negative extreme response (0) on the left and the positive extreme (10) at the right end. Then, they were also asked about side effects in an open answer ("Did you feel any side effects caused by mouth rinse?", "If so, what are they?").
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Antiplaque Efficacy | Active comparator | This study was designed as a randomized, two group parallel, double-blind, 3-day non-brushing clinical trial. The sample size (50 participants) was determined using similar studies, making it a convenience sample.
Over a 72-h experimental non-brushing period, subjects abstained from all forms of mechanical oral hygiene and one group (test) used an 0.12% CHX mouthrinse with 0.05% CPC (Perioaid®), twice daily for 30 seconds and the other group (positive control) used a 0.2% CHX mouthrinse alcohol free (Corsodyl® Care), twice daily for 60 seconds. Receives: Drug: Chlorhexidine |
| Taste and Side Effects | Active comparator | All subjects received a questionnaire using a visual analogue scale designed to evaluate their taste to the mouthrinse, which they had used (What is your opinion concerning the taste of the mouth rinse?). Subjects marked a point on a 10 cm long uncalibrated line with the negative extreme response (0) on the left and the positive extreme (10) at the right end. Then, they were also asked about side effects in an open answer ("Did you feel any side effects caused by mouth rinse?", "If so, what are they?"). Receives: Drug: Chlorhexidine |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
antiplaque efficacy
antiplaque efficacy of two chlorhexidine mouth rinses: 0,12% chlorhexidine with 0,05% cetyl-pyridinium chloride mouth rinse (Perio-aid®) and a 0,2% chlorhexidine alcohol free mouth rinse (Corsodyl Care®) At baseline, all participants received a through supragingival dental prophylaxis to remove all stain, calculus and plaque.
After 72h all participants were disclosed with a 1% erythrosine solution and the plaque in both groups was recorded at six sites per tooth on a 5-point scale using the Quigley \& Hein (1962) plaque index as modified by Turesky et al. (1970).
Measured: 72 hours
Secondary outcomes (2)
taste
All subjects received a questionnaire using a visual analogue scale designed to evaluate their taste to the mouthrinse, which they had used (What is your opinion concerning the taste of the mouth rinse?). Subjects marked a point on a 10 cm long uncalibrated line with the negative extreme response (0) on the left and the positive extreme (10) at the right end.
Measured: 72 hours
Side Effects
The participants were asked about side effects in an open answer: "Did you feel any side effects caused by mouth rinse?", "If so, what were they?"
Measured: 72h
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted19 Apr 2012 (estimated)
- Study startOct 2011
- Primary completionOct 2011
- Study completionMar 2012
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Dental PlaqueStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 1/2
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Investigator
- Enrolment
- 50 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Universidade do Porto
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Daniel Sá Alves, Universidade do Porto
- Investigators
- Daniel Alves, DDS, Principal investigator, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade do Porto
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01580943
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- FMDUP101351003
- Status last verified
- Apr 2012
- First submitted
- 16 Apr 2012
- Last updated
- 24 Apr 2012
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 24 Apr 2012. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Efficacy of Two Commercially Available Chlorhexidine Mouthrinses Non-alcohol Base - a Randomized Clinical Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01580943
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- FMDUP101351003
- Conditions
- Dental Plaque
- Keywords
- Chlorhexidine, Cetyl pyridinium chloride, Mouth rinse, Antiplaque Efficacy, Self Efficacy, Taste Sweet, Side Effects
- Phase
- Phase 1/2
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 50 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Universidade do PortoUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- Oct 2011
- Primary completion
- Oct 2011 (actual)
- Study completion
- Mar 2012 (actual)
- First posted
- 19 Apr 2012 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of this study was to compare the antiplaque efficacy of a 0,12% chlorhexidine and 0,05% cetyl-pyridinium chloride mouth rinse (Perio-aid®) with a 0,2% chlorhexidine non-alcohol base mouth rinse (Corsodyl Care®).
Detailed description
Dental plaque is a bacterial biofilm adhering to the tooth surfaces and is not the same in the different areas of the tooth: there is the supragingival, the plaque from the gingival margin and subgingival plaque. It is mainly composed of complex bacterial populations organized in a carbohydrate matrix also containing a small number of epithelial cells, leukocytes, macrophages and inorganic components such as calcium and phosphorus. This biofilm develops in virtually all places where there are damp surfaces and teeth are a very stable support for bacterial colonization. Mechanical oral hygiene procedures such as tooth brushing, dental flossing and inter-dental brushing is the most effective method for plaque removal but mouth rinses containing anti-microbials play an important role in maintaining oral health.
Chlorhexidine (CHX) digluconate, a cationic biguanide, is known to be an effective anti-plaque and anti-inflammatory agent and is the gold standard in chemical plaque control. The benefits of CHX are based on the high intra-oral substantivity and its bactericidal and bacteriostatic activities. This ingredient, when delivered orally, is free from systemic toxicity and microbial resistance, and supra-infections do not occur. It has been proven in several "in vitro" and "in vivo" studies, the safety and long-term efficacy of CHX mouth rinses. There have been suggested many indications for the use of this antiseptic and plaque control is one of the most important factors for proper healing after periodontal surgery and implant therapy.
The 0.2% CHX solution became the standard international concentration, due to his development in Europe but similar levels of plaque inhibition can be achieved with larger volumes of lower concentration solutions of CHX.
A lower concentration of CHX (0.12%) has been tested in several studies and has also been shown to confer clinical benefits. More important than the concentration of CHX seems to be the dose which balances efficacy against local side effects and user acceptability. The optimum dose is considered to be about 20 mg twice daily.
Clinically, the 0,12% CHX have been found to be similarly effective as 0.2% if the volume of the rinse was increased from 10 to 15 ml, yielding an 18 mg dose on each occasion but with respect to plaque growth inhibition, there is a small but significant difference in favour of the 0.2% CHX concentration.
CHX mouthrinses can have a variety of side effects and the most common, according to the manufacturers of these products, are loss of taste, tongue burning and irritation of the oral mucosa. Some brands have lowered the concentration of CHX in their mouthrinses and removed the ethanol in order to eliminate side effects such as soreness and to improve acceptability. A study concluded that the perturbation of taste perception after using 0.12% CHX is significantly lower than that after using 0.2% CHX. On the other hand, another studies concluded that there was no significant difference in terms of taste perception.
This study was a double-blinded, randomized two group parallel, to compare the antiplaque efficacy of two mouth rinses, during a 3-day plaque accumulation model, in periodontal healthy patients. After supragingival prophylaxis participants rinsed twice a day over a 72h non-brushing period. Primary outcome variable was plaque index. As secondary outcomes the taste and side effects variables were studied. Mann-Whitney, χ2 and Fisher's Exact tests were used to compare the variables
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, investigator)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Antiplaque Efficacy | Active comparator | Drug: ChlorhexidineThis study was designed as a randomized, two group parallel, double-blind, 3-day non-brushing clinical trial. The sample size (50 participants) was determined using similar studies, making it a convenience sample. Over a 72-h experimental non-brushing period, subjects abstained from all forms of mechanical oral hygiene and one group (test) used an 0.12% CHX mouthrinse with 0.05% CPC (Perioaid®), twice daily for 30 seconds and the other group (positive control) used a 0.2% CHX mouthrinse alcohol free (Corsodyl® Care), twice daily for 60 seconds. |
| Taste and Side Effects | Active comparator | Drug: ChlorhexidineAll subjects received a questionnaire using a visual analogue scale designed to evaluate their taste to the mouthrinse, which they had used (What is your opinion concerning the taste of the mouth rinse?). Subjects marked a point on a 10 cm long uncalibrated line with the negative extreme response (0) on the left and the positive extreme (10) at the right end. Then, they were also asked about side effects in an open answer ("Did you feel any side effects caused by mouth rinse?", "If so, what are they?"). |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Good general health without a medical history or medication that might interfere with the conduct of the study
- Dentition with at least 24 teeth (minimum of five teeth per quadrant)
- Periodontal health, pockets < 5mm
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Pregnant women or in lactation
- Participants with orthodontic or removable dental appliances
- Known allergies to CHX, CPC or to another ingredient of the mouth rinses
- Systemic antibiotic intake in the previous 3 months
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| ChlorhexidineAlso: 0,12% CHX with 0,05% CPC (Perioaid®), 0,2% CHX non-alcohol base (Corsodyl® Care)Over a 72-h experimental non-brushing period, subjects abstained from all forms of mechanical oral hygiene and one group (test) used an 0.12% CHX mouthrinse with 0.05% CPC (Perioaid®), twice daily for 30 seconds and the other group (positive control) used a 0.2% CHX mouthrinse alcohol free (Corsodyl® Care), twice daily for 60 seconds. These regimens are suggested by the manufacturers in the instructions | Drug | Antiplaque Efficacy |
| ChlorhexidineAll subjects received a questionnaire using a visual analogue scale designed to evaluate their taste to the mouthrinse, which they had used (What is your opinion concerning the taste of the mouth rinse?). Subjects marked a point on a 10 cm long uncalibrated line with the negative extreme response (0) on the left and the positive extreme (10) at the right end. Then, they were also asked about side effects in an open answer ("Did you feel any side effects caused by mouth rinse?", "If so, what are they?"). | Drug | Taste and Side Effects |
Primary outcome
antiplaque efficacy
Time frame: 72 hours
antiplaque efficacy of two chlorhexidine mouth rinses: 0,12% chlorhexidine with 0,05% cetyl-pyridinium chloride mouth rinse (Perio-aid®) and a 0,2% chlorhexidine alcohol free mouth rinse (Corsodyl Care®) At baseline, all participants received a through supragingival dental prophylaxis to remove all stain, calculus and plaque. After 72h all participants were disclosed with a 1% erythrosine solution and the plaque in both groups was recorded at six sites per tooth on a 5-point scale using the Quigley \& Hein (1962) plaque index as modified by Turesky et al. (1970).
2 secondary outcomes
taste
Time frame: 72 hours
Side Effects
Time frame: 72h
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 24 Apr 2012.
- Click here for more information about this study: Efficacy of two commercially available chlorhexidine mouthrinses non-alcohol base - a randomized clinical trialLink provided by the sponsor.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Daniel Alves, DDS principal investigator
Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade do Porto
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 1/2 study testing Chlorhexidine in people with Dental Plaque, run by Universidade do Porto at 1 site in Portugal.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 24 Apr 2012. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Portugal. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this combined phase mean?
Phase 1 studies test a treatment in a small group of people for the first time or in a new way, mainly to check safety and find the right dose.
Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
antiplaque efficacy (time frame: 72 hours). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 24 Apr 2012.