Peptic Ulcer BleedingPhase 4DDENCT01591083
The Efficacy of Double Doses of Oral Esomeprazole in Preventing Rebleeding for Patients With Bleeding Peptic Ulcers
A Phase 4 study testing esomeprazole (Nexium®, AstraZeneca AB, Södertälje, Sweden) in people with Peptic Ulcer Bleeding, run by National Cheng-Kung University Hospital at 1 site in Taiwan.
Trial summary
Patients with comorbidities have an increased risk of ulcer re-bleeding, especially within the 14 days after first bleeding event. Three-day high dose esomeprazole infusion can prevent peptic ulcer rebleeding after endoscopic therapy. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 95 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Peptic Ulcer Bleeding
- What is being tested?
- esomeprazole (Nexium®, AstraZeneca AB, Södertälje, Sweden)
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine, Injection or infusion
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 474 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTaiwan
- Study dates
- Aug 2011to Jul 2014
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 95 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Patients who received gastroscopy for melena, hematochezia, or hematemesis in whom bleeding peptic ulcers with major stigmata of recent hemorrhage are detected are consecutively enrolled. All of these major SRH are treated by local injection of diluted epinephrine 1:10000 with or without combined therapy with a heater probe, argon plasma coagulation, band ligation, or hemoclip therapy.
Who cannot join
- Patients are excluded if they had tumor bleeding or ulcer bleeding due to mechanical factors (i.e., gastrostomy tube induction), warfarin use, failure to establish hemostasis under gastroscopy, or hypersensitivity to esomeprazole or any component of the formulation.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: The Studies of the Pathophysiologic Mechanisms of Poor Ulcer Healing & Clinical Improvement to the High Ulcer Rebleeding Rate for Patients With Comorbid Illnesses
Patients with comorbidities have an increased risk of ulcer re-bleeding, especially within the 14 days after first bleeding event. Three-day high dose esomeprazole infusion can prevent peptic ulcer rebleeding after endoscopic therapy. However, the optimal dose of oral esomeprazole is uncertain, especially for high risky patients. This study is to test whether a double dose of oral esomprazole could reduce peptic ulcer rebleeding for patients with Rockall score ≥ 6. Additionally, the second aim of this prospective study was to identify the selection criteria to predict poor fading and residual major stigmata of recent hemorrhage (SRH) or early recurrent bleeding after successful endoscopic hemostasis and high-dose PPI infusion.
Read the detailed description
Peptic ulcer bleeding is a common and lethal disease, and the recurrent bleeding is an independent risk factor leading to the mortality. The recurrent bleeding of peptic ulcers is related to the presence of the stigmata of recent hemorrhage (SRH). The fading time of SRH is around 3 to 6 days, therefore, the recurrent bleeding develops within 2-3 days after first bleeding episode. The aim of acute treatment of peptic ulcer bleeding is to reduce recurrent bleeding by using anti-secretory drugs. Accordingly, the common duration of omeprazole infusion is applied as 3 days after the endoscopic therapy. Moreover, recurrent bleeding is also positively linked with the presence of co-morbidities. In general, patients with underlying medical co-morbidities have increased rates of recurrent bleeding and longer duration in risk of recurrent bleeding than those without co-morbidity.
Nonetheless, even with continuous infusion of omeprazole for 3 days, recurrent bleeding rates remain high in certain patients such as those with the presence of underlying medical co-morbidities. Moreover, the duration of peptic ulcer recurrent bleeding is elongated up to the 14th day after the first bleeding episode in patients with co-morbidities. To prevent recurrent bleeding in such high risk patients, we showed therapeutic benefit for the prolonged course of 7-day low-dose intravenous omeprazole, which exerts better recurrent bleeding control than just 3-day high-dose infusion.
The intragastric 24-h median pH is 4.9 in patients with oral 40 mg omeprazole once daily, which is significantly higher than baseline pH in healthy subjects. However, gastric acid secretion is not suppressed completely during 24 hours with oral omeprazole 40 mg once daily. Several studies have shown that oral high-dose PPI is equally effective in raising the intragastric pH more than 6 and reducing recurrent bleeding as the intravenous route.
Hence, this study aims to test whether a higher dose of oral esomeprazole, which is more effective in maintaining favorable intragastric pH, could effectively reduce ulcer rebleeding in patients with comorbidities. This data will show the originality and clinical importance of a higher dose of oral esomeprazole for such high-risk patients with comorbidities with peptic ulcer bleeding.
Additionally, endoscopic treatment plus a 3-day intravenous proton pump inhibitor infusion is the standard protocol for treatment of peptic ulcer bleeding. Moreover, several studies have shown that PPI treatment prior to endoscopy could decrease the presentation of SRH and the need of endoscopic hemostasis. However, there are insufficient data to validate the efficacy of such standard treatment to fade the SRH. Therefore, several studies looked at the efficacy of routine second-look endoscopy, defined as scheduled repeat endoscopy after primary endoscopic hemostasis in patients at high risk of rebleeding. However, the role of second-look endoscopy and the selection criteria for patients who require second-look endoscopy remain uncertain. There is a pressing need to elucidate the role of second-look endoscopy in patients with peptic ulcer bleeding after high-dose PPI infusion.
Hence, the second aim of this prospective study is to identify the selection criteria to predict poor fading and residual major SRH or early recurrent bleeding after successful endoscopic hemostasis and high-dose PPI infusion. This data will show the originality and clinical importance to identify the risk factors to predict poor fading of SRH after current standard treatment and the patients who are indicated to receive second-look endoscopy.
- Conditions
- Peptic Ulcer Bleeding
- Being tested
- esomeprazole (Nexium®, AstraZeneca AB, Södertälje, Sweden)
- Keywords
- Peptic ulcer rebleeding, double dose of esomeprazole
- Medical subject headings
- Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
esomeprazole (Nexium®, AstraZeneca AB, Södertälje, Sweden)Drug
Also called Nexium
Each enrolled patient receives an 80 mg loading dose of intravenous esomeprazole (Nexium®, AstraZeneca AB, Södertälje, Sweden) immediately after hemostasis was achieved spontaneously or by gastroscopy. Patients then received a 3-day continuous high dose (8 mg per hour) of esomeprazole infusion. Then, patients with Rockall score >=6 are randomized into the double oral dose group and the regular oral dose group. Patients with Rockall score <6 are assigned to the control group.
In the double oral dose group, patients receive 40 mg oral esomeprazole twice daily for 11 days and followed by 40 mg once daily for 14 days. In the other two groups, patients receive 40 mg oral esomeprazole 40 mg once daily for 25 days.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Double oral dose | Active comparator | Each enrolled patient receives an 80 mg loading dose of intravenous esomeprazole (Nexium®, AstraZeneca AB, Södertälje, Sweden) immediately after hemostasis was achieved spontaneously or by gastroscopy. Patients then received a 3-day continuous high dose (8 mg per hour) of esomeprazole infusion. Then, patients receive 40 mg oral esomeprazole twice daily for 11 days and followed by 40 mg once daily for 14 days. Receives: Drug: esomeprazole (Nexium®, AstraZeneca AB, Södertälje, Sweden) |
| Regular oral dose | Active comparator | Each enrolled patient receives an 80 mg loading dose of intravenous esomeprazole (Nexium®, AstraZeneca AB, Södertälje, Sweden) immediately after hemostasis was achieved spontaneously or by gastroscopy. Patients then received a 3-day continuous high dose (8 mg per hour) of esomeprazole infusion. Then, patients receive 40 mg oral esomeprazole once daily for 25 days. Receives: Drug: esomeprazole (Nexium®, AstraZeneca AB, Södertälje, Sweden) |
| Control group | Active comparator | Each enrolled patient receives an 80 mg loading dose of intravenous esomeprazole (Nexium®, AstraZeneca AB, Södertälje, Sweden) immediately after hemostasis was achieved spontaneously or by gastroscopy. Patients then received a 3-day continuous high dose (8 mg per hour) of esomeprazole infusion. Then, patients receive 40 mg oral esomeprazole once daily for 25 days. Receives: Drug: esomeprazole (Nexium®, AstraZeneca AB, Södertälje, Sweden) |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
recurrent bleeding
Measured: within 28 days after the first bleeding event
Secondary outcomes (5)
the length of hospitalization
Measured: within 28 days after the first bleeidng event
the amount of blood transfusion
Measured: within 28 days after the first bleeding event
major events such as surgery or transarterial embolization
Measured: within 28 days after the first bleeding event
the fading rate of major stigmata of recent hemorrhage
At the primary gastroscopy, the adherent clot is vigorously washed away with water jet. All of the stigmata of recent hemorrhage (SRH) are treated by one or a combination of endoscopic therapies. The success of endoscopic hemostasis is defined as cessation of bleeding together with achievement of cavitation at the vessel after application of the heater probe.
Second-look endoscopy is scheduled 48-72 hours after successful primary endoscopic hemostasis and intravenous high-dose proton pump inhibitor infusion. For each patient with either suspected or active recurrent bleeding, emergent endoscopy is conducted earlier before the schedule to confirm and treat peptic ulcer recurrent bleeding.
Multiple logistic regression analysis is applied to assess the independent risk factors related to residual major stigmata or early recurrent bleeding of peptic ulcers.
Measured: within 3 days after the first bleeding event
mortality
Measured: within 28 days and 120 days after the first bleeding event
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted3 May 2012 (estimated)
- Study startAug 2011
- Primary completionJul 2014
- Study completionJul 2014
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (3)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Peptic Ulcer BleedingStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by National Cheng-Kung University HospitalThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 474 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- National Cheng-Kung University Hospital
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Bor-Shyang Sheu, MD, Study director, National Cheng-Kung University Hospital
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01591083
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- ER-100-008
- Acronym
- DDE
- Status last verified
- Oct 2015
- First submitted
- 2 May 2012
- Last updated
- 14 Oct 2015
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
Publications
Yang EH, Wu CT, Kuo HY, Chen WY, Sheu BS, Cheng HC. The recurrent bleeding risk of a Forrest IIc lesion at the second-look endoscopy can be indicated by high Rockall scores >/= 6. Surg Endosc. 2020 Apr;34(4):1592-1601. doi: 10.1007/s00464-019-06919-3. Epub 2019 Jun 20.
PubMed 31222633Cheng HC, Yang EH, Wu CT, Wang WL, Chen PJ, Lin MY, Sheu BS. Hypoalbuminemia is a predictor of mortality and rebleeding in peptic ulcer bleeding under proton pump inhibitor use. J Formos Med Assoc. 2018 Apr;117(4):316-325. doi: 10.1016/j.jfma.2017.07.006. Epub 2017 Jul 24.
PubMed 28751088Cheng HC, Wu CT, Chang WL, Cheng WC, Chen WY, Sheu BS. Double oral esomeprazole after a 3-day intravenous esomeprazole infusion reduces recurrent peptic ulcer bleeding in high-risk patients: a randomised controlled study. Gut. 2014 Dec;63(12):1864-72. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2013-306531. Epub 2014 Mar 21.
PubMed 24658598
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 14 Oct 2015. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Studies of the Pathophysiologic Mechanisms of Poor Ulcer Healing & Clinical Improvement to the High Ulcer Rebleeding Rate for Patients With Comorbid Illnesses
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01591083
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- DDE / ER-100-008
- Conditions
- Peptic Ulcer Bleeding
- Keywords
- Peptic ulcer rebleeding, double dose of esomeprazole
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 474 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- National Cheng-Kung University HospitalUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan
- Study start
- Aug 2011
- Primary completion
- Jul 2014 (actual)
- Study completion
- Jul 2014 (actual)
- First posted
- 3 May 2012 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Patients with comorbidities have an increased risk of ulcer re-bleeding, especially within the 14 days after first bleeding event. Three-day high dose esomeprazole infusion can prevent peptic ulcer rebleeding after endoscopic therapy. However, the optimal dose of oral esomeprazole is uncertain, especially for high risky patients. This study is to test whether a double dose of oral esomprazole could reduce peptic ulcer rebleeding for patients with Rockall score ≥ 6. Additionally, the second aim of this prospective study was to identify the selection criteria to predict poor fading and residual major stigmata of recent hemorrhage (SRH) or early recurrent bleeding after successful endoscopic hemostasis and high-dose PPI infusion.
Detailed description
Peptic ulcer bleeding is a common and lethal disease, and the recurrent bleeding is an independent risk factor leading to the mortality. The recurrent bleeding of peptic ulcers is related to the presence of the stigmata of recent hemorrhage (SRH). The fading time of SRH is around 3 to 6 days, therefore, the recurrent bleeding develops within 2-3 days after first bleeding episode. The aim of acute treatment of peptic ulcer bleeding is to reduce recurrent bleeding by using anti-secretory drugs. Accordingly, the common duration of omeprazole infusion is applied as 3 days after the endoscopic therapy. Moreover, recurrent bleeding is also positively linked with the presence of co-morbidities. In general, patients with underlying medical co-morbidities have increased rates of recurrent bleeding and longer duration in risk of recurrent bleeding than those without co-morbidity.
Nonetheless, even with continuous infusion of omeprazole for 3 days, recurrent bleeding rates remain high in certain patients such as those with the presence of underlying medical co-morbidities. Moreover, the duration of peptic ulcer recurrent bleeding is elongated up to the 14th day after the first bleeding episode in patients with co-morbidities. To prevent recurrent bleeding in such high risk patients, we showed therapeutic benefit for the prolonged course of 7-day low-dose intravenous omeprazole, which exerts better recurrent bleeding control than just 3-day high-dose infusion.
The intragastric 24-h median pH is 4.9 in patients with oral 40 mg omeprazole once daily, which is significantly higher than baseline pH in healthy subjects. However, gastric acid secretion is not suppressed completely during 24 hours with oral omeprazole 40 mg once daily. Several studies have shown that oral high-dose PPI is equally effective in raising the intragastric pH more than 6 and reducing recurrent bleeding as the intravenous route.
Hence, this study aims to test whether a higher dose of oral esomeprazole, which is more effective in maintaining favorable intragastric pH, could effectively reduce ulcer rebleeding in patients with comorbidities. This data will show the originality and clinical importance of a higher dose of oral esomeprazole for such high-risk patients with comorbidities with peptic ulcer bleeding.
Additionally, endoscopic treatment plus a 3-day intravenous proton pump inhibitor infusion is the standard protocol for treatment of peptic ulcer bleeding. Moreover, several studies have shown that PPI treatment prior to endoscopy could decrease the presentation of SRH and the need of endoscopic hemostasis. However, there are insufficient data to validate the efficacy of such standard treatment to fade the SRH. Therefore, several studies looked at the efficacy of routine second-look endoscopy, defined as scheduled repeat endoscopy after primary endoscopic hemostasis in patients at high risk of rebleeding. However, the role of second-look endoscopy and the selection criteria for patients who require second-look endoscopy remain uncertain. There is a pressing need to elucidate the role of second-look endoscopy in patients with peptic ulcer bleeding after high-dose PPI infusion.
Hence, the second aim of this prospective study is to identify the selection criteria to predict poor fading and residual major SRH or early recurrent bleeding after successful endoscopic hemostasis and high-dose PPI infusion. This data will show the originality and clinical importance to identify the risk factors to predict poor fading of SRH after current standard treatment and the patients who are indicated to receive second-look endoscopy.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Double oral dose | Active comparator | Drug: esomeprazole (Nexium®, AstraZeneca AB, Södertälje, Sweden)Each enrolled patient receives an 80 mg loading dose of intravenous esomeprazole (Nexium®, AstraZeneca AB, Södertälje, Sweden) immediately after hemostasis was achieved spontaneously or by gastroscopy. Patients then received a 3-day continuous high dose (8 mg per hour) of esomeprazole infusion. Then, patients receive 40 mg oral esomeprazole twice daily for 11 days and followed by 40 mg once daily for 14 days. |
| Regular oral dose | Active comparator | Drug: esomeprazole (Nexium®, AstraZeneca AB, Södertälje, Sweden)Each enrolled patient receives an 80 mg loading dose of intravenous esomeprazole (Nexium®, AstraZeneca AB, Södertälje, Sweden) immediately after hemostasis was achieved spontaneously or by gastroscopy. Patients then received a 3-day continuous high dose (8 mg per hour) of esomeprazole infusion. Then, patients receive 40 mg oral esomeprazole once daily for 25 days. |
| Control group | Active comparator | Drug: esomeprazole (Nexium®, AstraZeneca AB, Södertälje, Sweden)Each enrolled patient receives an 80 mg loading dose of intravenous esomeprazole (Nexium®, AstraZeneca AB, Södertälje, Sweden) immediately after hemostasis was achieved spontaneously or by gastroscopy. Patients then received a 3-day continuous high dose (8 mg per hour) of esomeprazole infusion. Then, patients receive 40 mg oral esomeprazole once daily for 25 days. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 95 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Patients who received gastroscopy for melena, hematochezia, or hematemesis in whom bleeding peptic ulcers with major stigmata of recent hemorrhage are detected are consecutively enrolled. All of these major SRH are treated by local injection of diluted epinephrine 1:10000 with or without combined therapy with a heater probe, argon plasma coagulation, band ligation, or hemoclip therapy.
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Patients are excluded if they had tumor bleeding or ulcer bleeding due to mechanical factors (i.e., gastrostomy tube induction), warfarin use, failure to establish hemostasis under gastroscopy, or hypersensitivity to esomeprazole or any component of the formulation.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| esomeprazole (Nexium®, AstraZeneca AB, Södertälje, Sweden)Also: NexiumEach enrolled patient receives an 80 mg loading dose of intravenous esomeprazole (Nexium®, AstraZeneca AB, Södertälje, Sweden) immediately after hemostasis was achieved spontaneously or by gastroscopy. Patients then received a 3-day continuous high dose (8 mg per hour) of esomeprazole infusion. Then, patients with Rockall score >=6 are randomized into the double oral dose group and the regular oral dose group. Patients with Rockall score <6 are assigned to the control group. In the double oral dose group, patients receive 40 mg oral esomeprazole twice daily for 11 days and followed by 40 mg once daily for 14 days. In the other two groups, patients receive 40 mg oral esomeprazole 40 mg once daily for 25 days. | Drug | Control group, Double oral dose, Regular oral dose |
Primary outcome
recurrent bleeding
Time frame: within 28 days after the first bleeding event
5 secondary outcomes
the length of hospitalization
Time frame: within 28 days after the first bleeidng event
the amount of blood transfusion
Time frame: within 28 days after the first bleeding event
major events such as surgery or transarterial embolization
Time frame: within 28 days after the first bleeding event
the fading rate of major stigmata of recent hemorrhage
Time frame: within 3 days after the first bleeding event
mortality
Time frame: within 28 days and 120 days after the first bleeding event
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 14 Oct 2015.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 31222633Yang EH, Wu CT, Kuo HY, Chen WY, Sheu BS, Cheng HC. The recurrent bleeding risk of a Forrest IIc lesion at the second-look endoscopy can be indicated by high Rockall scores >/= 6. Surg Endosc. 2020 Apr;34(4):1592-1601. doi: 10.1007/s00464-019-06919-3. Epub 2019 Jun 20.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 28751088Cheng HC, Yang EH, Wu CT, Wang WL, Chen PJ, Lin MY, Sheu BS. Hypoalbuminemia is a predictor of mortality and rebleeding in peptic ulcer bleeding under proton pump inhibitor use. J Formos Med Assoc. 2018 Apr;117(4):316-325. doi: 10.1016/j.jfma.2017.07.006. Epub 2017 Jul 24.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 24658598Cheng HC, Wu CT, Chang WL, Cheng WC, Chen WY, Sheu BS. Double oral esomeprazole after a 3-day intravenous esomeprazole infusion reduces recurrent peptic ulcer bleeding in high-risk patients: a randomised controlled study. Gut. 2014 Dec;63(12):1864-72. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2013-306531. Epub 2014 Mar 21.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Bor-Shyang Sheu, MD study director
National Cheng-Kung University Hospital
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 4 study testing esomeprazole (Nexium®, AstraZeneca AB, Södertälje, Sweden) in people with Peptic Ulcer Bleeding, run by National Cheng-Kung University Hospital at 1 site in Taiwan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 14 Oct 2015. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Taiwan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 4 studies take place after a treatment is approved, to learn more about its long-term benefits and risks in everyday use.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
recurrent bleeding (time frame: within 28 days after the first bleeding event). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT01591083, which also lists 3 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 14 Oct 2015.