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MigrainePhase 3COMPASSNCT01667679

Efficacy and Safety of 20 mg Sumatriptan Powder Delivered Intranasally With the Bi-directional Device Compared With 100 mg Sumatriptan Tablets in Adults With Acute Migraine With or Without Aura

A Phase 3 study of Migraine and Headaches, run by Avanir Pharmaceuticals at 13 sites in United States.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
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Trial summary

This study is being conducted to determine if OPTINOSE SUMATRIPTAN delivered nasally (through the nose) using the OPTINOSE SUMATRIPTAN DEVICE can reduce the pain associated with migraine headaches in 30 minutes after use. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 to 65 years
Conditions the study is for
Migraine, Headaches
Type of treatment
Pill or oral medicine
Could I receive a placebo?
Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
How many people
275 participants
Where
13 sitesUnited States
Study dates
Aug 2012to Jun 2014
Phase
Phase 3
Are there results?
Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 to 65 years
  • All sexes
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • Man or woman, between the ages of 18 to 65 years, inclusive at screening
  • Have a diagnosis of episodic migraine, with or without aura according to InternationalClassification of Headache Disorders (2nd Edition) (ICHD-2) for at least 1 year prior to screening
  • Experiences between 2 and 8 migraine attacks per month for the past 12 months
  • Women of child bearing potential must be practicing an effective method of birth control
  • Women of child-bearing potential must have a negative urine pregnancy test at the screening visit and a negative urine pregnancy test at the randomization visit
  • Demonstrate the ability to use the bi-directional delivery device correctly
  • Able and willing to read and comprehend written instructions and complete the electronic diary information required by the protocol
  • Must be capable, in the opinion of the Investigator, of providing informed consent to participate in the study. Subjects (and their legally acceptable representatives, if applicable) must sign an informed consent document indicating that they understand the purpose of and procedures required for the study and are willing to participate in the study

Who cannot join

  • Inability to distinguish other headaches from migraine
  • Experiences headache of any kind at a frequency greater than or equal to 15 days per month
  • History of resistance to sumatriptan, or non-response to 2 or more other triptans, defined as subjects who have not responded to an adequate dose and duration of treatment
  • Current use of medication for migraine prophylaxis that has not been stable (no dose adjustment) for 30 days prior to screening
  • Chronic opioid therapy (>3 consecutive days in the 30 days prior to screening)
  • Current treatment with monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) inhibitors or use within 4 weeks before randomization
Show all 12Show fewer
  • Have hemiplegic or basilar migraine
  • History, symptoms or signs of ischemic cardiac, cerebrovascular or peripheral vascular syndromes. Ischemic cardiac syndromes include, but are not limited to, angina pectoris of any type (e.g., stable angina of effort, vasospastic forms of angina such as the Prinzmetal variant), all forms of myocardial infarction and silent myocardial ischemia. Cerebrovascular syndromes include, but are not limited to, strokes of any type as well as transient ischemic attacks. Peripheral vascular disease includes, but is not limited to, ischemic bowel disease, Raynaud syndrome
  • Uncontrolled hypertension (screening systolic/diastolic blood pressure >140/95 mmHg)
  • Have severe hepatic impairment
  • Have history of epilepsy or conditions associated with a lowered seizure threshold
  • History (within 2 years) of drug or alcohol abuse as defined by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition (DSM-IV) criteria

Trial locations and contacts

13 sites in 1 country.

13 sites in 1 country

United States13 sites
  • DENT Neurologic Institute

    Amherst, New York, 14226

  • Michigan Head and Pain Institute

    Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48104-5199

  • Associated Neurologists of Southern CT, P.C.

    Fairfied, Connecticut, 06824

  • Headache Welness Center

    Greensboro, North Carolina, 27405

  • Coastal Carolina Research Center

    Mt. Pleasant, South Carolina, 29464

  • Jefferson Headache Center

    Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19107

  • San Francisco Clinical Research Center

    San Francisco, California, 94109

  • California Medical Clinic for Headache

    Santa Monica, California, 90404

  • ClinVest

    Springfield, Missouri, 65807

  • Mercy Health Research

    St Louis, Missouri, 63141

  • MedVadis

    Watertown, Massachusetts, 02472

  • Premiere Research Institute

    West Palm Beach, Florida, 33407

  • PMG Research of Winston Salem, LLC

    Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27103

Other trials in United States

About this study

Official title: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy, Active-Controlled, Cross-Over Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of 20 mg Sumatriptan Powder Delivered Intranasally With the Bi-directional Device Compared With 100 mg Sumatriptan Tablets in Adults With Acute Migraine With or Without Aura

This study is being conducted to determine if OPTINOSE SUMATRIPTAN delivered nasally (through the nose) using the OPTINOSE SUMATRIPTAN DEVICE can reduce the pain associated with migraine headaches in 30 minutes after use.

Read the detailed description

The primary objective for this study is to compare the proportion of attacks in which pain reduction (defined as a decrease in pain intensity of at least 1 point) is achieved at 30 minutes following 20 mg OPTINOSE SUMATRIPTAN treatment with 100 mg Sumatriptan Tablets

Conditions
Migraine, Headaches
Being tested
100 mg Sumatriptan Tablet and OPTINOSE Placebo delivered nasally, OPTINOSE SUMATRIPTAN delivered nasally and placebo tablet
Keywords
Migraine, Headaches, Sumatriptan
Medical subject headings
Migraine Disorders, Headache

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • 100 mg Sumatriptan Tablet and OPTINOSE Placebo delivered nasallyDrug

  • OPTINOSE SUMATRIPTAN delivered nasally and placebo tabletDrug

Study groups in NCT01667679
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
OPTINOSE SUMATRIPTAN and PlaceboExperimental20 mg OPTINOSE SUMATRIPTAN Powder Delivered Intranasally With the Bi-directional Device nasally and Placebo Tablet
Receives: Drug: OPTINOSE SUMATRIPTAN delivered nasally and placebo tablet
100mg Sumatriptan and OPTINOSE PlaceboActive comparator100 mg Sumatriptan Tablet and OPTINOSE Placebo delivered nasally
Receives: Drug: 100 mg Sumatriptan Tablet and OPTINOSE Placebo delivered nasally

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Mean Sum of Migraine Pain Intensity Differences (SPID)-30

    SPID-30 is defined as the sum of the pain intensity differences (measured as area under the curve) from dosing (Baseline) through 30 minutes post-dose for headaches with a Baseline intensity of mild, moderate, or severe. The range of possible scores is -60 to +90. A higher number indicates a greater reduction in pain intensity. Negative values indicate worsening pain. A value of "0" indicates that there was no change in pain intensity from Baseline through 30 minutes. Results are from an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model with treatment, period, and treatment sequence as fixed effects and participant as a random effect. The Last Observation Carried Forward (LOCF) imputation method (missing values were replaced by carrying forward the preceding value) was used for this analysis.

    Measured: Baseline and 30 minutes post-dose (up to 24 weeks)

Secondary outcomes (26)
  1. Mean Sum of Migraine Pain Intensity Differences (SPID)-30 for Headaches With a Baseline Intensity of Mild and Moderate/Severe

    SPID-30 is defined as the sum of the pain intensity differences (measured as area under the curve) from dosing (Baseline) through 30 minutes post-dose for headaches with a Baseline intensity of mild and moderate/severe (rated on a 4-point scale: 0=none, 1=mild, 2=moderate, and 3=severe). The range of possible scores for all participants is -60 to +90. For participants with a mild headache at Baseline, the SPID range is -60 to +30. For participants with a moderate/severe headache at Baseline, the SPID range is -30 to +90. A higher number indicates a greater reduction in pain intensity. Negative values indicate worsening pain. A value of "0" indicates that there was no change in pain intensity from Baseline through 30 minutes. Results are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, period, and treatment sequence as fixed effects and participant as a random effect. The LOCF imputation method (missing values were replaced by carrying forward the preceding value) was used for this analysis.

    Measured: Baseline and 30 minutes post-dose (up to 24 weeks)

  2. Percentage of Attacks in Which Pain Reduction Was Achieved

    Percentage of attacks in which pain reduction (defined as a decrease in pain intensity of at least one point on the following scale: 0, none; 1, mild; 2, moderate; 3, severe) was achieved at 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after the initial dose for all attacks.

    Measured: 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes

  3. Percentage of Attacks in Which Pain Freedom Was Achieved

    Percentage of attacks in which pain freedom (defined as pain level reduced to none [Grade 0]) was achieved at 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after the initial dose for all attacks.

    Measured: Baseline and 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes post-dose (up to 24 weeks)

  4. Percentage of Attacks in Which Pain Relief Was Achieved

    Percentage of attacks treated at a severity of moderate (Grade 2) or severe (Grade 3) in which pain relief (defined as pain level reduced to none [Grade 0] or mild [Grade 1]) was achieved at 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after the initial dose for all attacks.

    Measured: Baseline and 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes post-dose (up to 24 weeks)

  5. Median Time to Pain Freedom

    Pain freedom is defined as a pain level reduced to none (Grade 0).

    Measured: 120 minutes post-dose (up to 24 weeks)

  6. Mean Change in Headache Severity From Baseline to 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 Minutes Post-dose

    Participants were required to record their headache severity score in their e-diaries immediately before intake of study medication (Baseline) and at 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes post-dose. Participants graded their headaches on the following severity scale: 0, none; 1, mild; 2, moderate; 3, severe. Mean change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value.

    Measured: Baseline and 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes post-dose (up to 24 weeks)

  7. Mean Change From Baseline in Clinical Disability Score at 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 Minutes Post-dose

    Participants were required to record their clinical disability score in their e-diaries immediately before intake of study medication (Baseline) and at 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes post-dose. Participants graded their disability on the following scale: 0, no disability, able to function normally; 1, performance of daily activities mildly impaired, can still do everything but with difficulty; 2, performance of daily activities moderately impaired, unable to do some things; 3, performance of daily activities severely impaired, cannot do all or most things, bed rest may be necessary. Mean change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value.

    Measured: Baseline and 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes post-dose (up to 24 weeks)

  8. Number of Participants With Any Treatment-emergent Non-serious and Serious Adverse Event

    An adverse event is defined as any untoward medical occurrence associated with the use of an investigational product in humans, whether or not it is considered related to the investigational product. This includes any occurrence that was new in onset or aggravated in severity or frequency from the Baseline condition.

    Measured: Baseline compared to Vist 2, 3 and 4

  9. Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin at Visit 3 (up to 12 Weeks) and Visit 4 (up to 24 Weeks)

    Change from Baseline in hemoglobin was assessed at Visit 3 (the start of Treatment Period 2) and Visit 4 (the end-of-study visit). Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. The Baseline value is the last non-missing value prior to or on the start date of Treatment Period 1.

    Measured: Baseline and Visits 3 (up to 12 weeks) and 4 (up to 24 weeks)

  10. Change From Baseline in Hematocrit at Visit 3 (up to 12 Weeks) and Visit 4 (up to 24 Weeks)

    Change from Baseline in hematocrit (proportion of total blood volume that is composed of red blood cells) was assessed at Visit 3 (the start of Treatment Period 2) and Visit 4 (the end-of-study visit). Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value.The Baseline value is the last non-missing value prior to or on the start date of Treatment Period 1.

    Measured: Baseline and Visits 3 (up to 12 weeks) and 4 (up to 24 weeks)

  11. Change From Baseline in Red Blood Cell Count at Visit 3 (up to Week 12) and Visit 4 (up to Week 24)

    Change from Baseline in red blood cell count was assessed at Visit 3 (the start of Treatment Period 2) and Visit 4 (the end-of-study visit). Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. The Baseline value is the last non-missing value prior to or on the start date of Treatment Period 1.

    Measured: Baseline and Visits 3 (up to 12 weeks) and 4 (up to 24 weeks)

  12. Change From Baseline in White Blood Cell Count, Basinophils, Monocytes, Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Eosinophils, and Platelets at Visit 3 (up to Week 12) and Visit 4 (up to Week 24)

    Change from Baseline in white blood cell (WBC) count, basinophils, monocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and platelets was assessed at Visit 3 (the start of Treatment Period 2) and Visit 4 (the end-of-study visit). Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. The Baseline value is the last non-missing value prior to or on the start date of Treatment Period 1.

    Measured: Baseline and Visits 3 (up to 12 weeks) and 4 (up to 24 weeks)

  13. Change From Baseline in Urea at Visit 3 (up to Week 12) and Visit 4 (up to Week 24)

    Change from Baseline in urea was assessed at Visit 3 (the start of Treatment Period 2) and Visit 4 (the end-of-study visit). Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. The Baseline value is the last non-missing value prior to or on the start date of Treatment Period 1.

    Measured: Baseline and Visits 3 (up to 12 weeks) and 4 (up to 24 weeks)

  14. Change From Baseline in Creatinine at Visit 3 (up to Week 12) and Visit 4 (up to Week 24)

    Change from Baseline in creatinine was assessed at Visit 3 (the start of Treatment Period 2) and Visit 4 (the end-of-study visit). Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. The Baseline value is the last non-missing value prior to or on the start date of Treatment Period 1.

    Measured: Baseline and Visits 3 (up to 12 weeks) and 4 (up to 24 weeks)

  15. Change From Baseline in Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) at Visit 3 (up to Week 12) and Visit 4 (up to Week 24)

    Change from Baseline in ALP and ALT was assessed at Visit 3 (the start of Treatment Period 2) and Visit 4 (the end-of-study visit). Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. The Baseline value is the last non-missing value prior to or on the start date of Treatment Period 1.

    Measured: Baseline and Visits 3 (up to 12 weeks) and 4 (up to 24 weeks)

  16. Change From Baseline in Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) at Visit 3 (up to Week 12) and Visit 4 (up to Week 24)

    Change from Baseline in AST and GGT was assessed at Visit 3 (the start of Treatment Period 2) and Visit 4 (the end-of-study visit). Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. The Baseline value is the last non-missing value prior to or on the start date of Treatment Period 1.

    Measured: Baseline and Visits 3 (up to 12 weeks) and 4 (up to 24 weeks)

  17. Change From Baseline in Total Bilirubin at Visit 3 (up to Week 12) and Visit 4 (up to Week 24)

    Change from Baseline in total bilirubin was assessed at Visit 3 (the start of Treatment Period 2) and Visit 4 (the end-of-study visit). Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. The Baseline value is the last non-missing value prior to or on the start date of Treatment Period 1.

    Measured: Baseline and Visits 3 (up to 12 weeks) and 4 (up to 24 weeks)

  18. Change From Baseline in Albumin and Total Protein at Visit 3 (up to Week 12) and Visit 4 (up to Week 24)

    Change from Baseline in albumin and total protein was assessed at Visit 3 (the start of Treatment Period 2) and Visit 4 (the end-of-study visit). Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. The Baseline value is the last non-missing value prior to or on the start date of Treatment Period 1.

    Measured: Baseline and Visits 3 (up to 12 weeks) and 4 (up to 24 weeks)

  19. Change From Baseline in Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Calcium, and Glucose at Visit 3 (up to Week 12) and Visit 4 (up to Week 24)

    Change from Baseline in sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, and glucose was assessed at Visit 3 (the start of Treatment Period 2) and Visit 4 (the end-of-study visit). Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. The Baseline value is the last non-missing value prior to or on the start date of Treatment Period 1.

    Measured: Baseline and Visits 3 (up to 12 weeks) and 4 (up to 24 weeks)

  20. Change From Baseline in Urinalysis Values by Dipstick Method at Visit 3 (up to Week 12) and Visit 4 (up to Week 24)

    Change from Baseline in urinalysis values was assessed at Visit 3 (the start of Treatment Period 2) and Visit 4 (the end-of-study visit). Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. The Baseline value is the last non-missing value prior to or on the start date of Treatment Period 1.

    Measured: Baseline and Visits 3 (up to 12 weeks) and 4 (up to 24 weeks)

  21. Number of Participants With the Indicated Amounts of Protein, Glucose, Ketones, Blood, and White Blood Cells (WBCs) in Urine at Baseline, Visit 3 (up to Week 12), and Visit 4 (up to Week 24)

    The Baseline value is the last non-missing value prior to or on the start date of Treatment Period 1. Data are based on standard reads, with "1+," "2+," and "3+" indicating increasing amounts of metabolites in urine.

    Measured: Baseline and Visits 3 (up to 12 weeks) and 4 (up to 24 weeks)

  22. Change From Baseline in Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) at Visit 3 (up to Week 12) and Visit 4 (up to Week 24)

    Change from Baseline in SBP and DBP was assessed at Visit 3 (the start of Treatment Period 2) and Visit 4 (the end-of-study visit). Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. The Baseline value is the last non-missing value prior to or on the start date of Treatment Period 1.

    Measured: Baseline and Visits 3 (up to 12 weeks) and 4 (up to 24 weeks)

  23. Change From Baseline in Pulse at Visit 3 (up to Week 12) and Visit 4 (up to Week 24)

    Change from Baseline in pulse was assessed at Visit 3 (the start of Treatment Period 2) and Visit 4 (the end-of-study visit). Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. The Baseline value is the last non-missing value prior to or on the start date of Treatment Period 1.

    Measured: Baseline and Visits 3 (up to 12 weeks) and 4 (up to 24 weeks)

  24. Number of Participants With the Indicated 12-lead Electrocardiogram (ECG) Findings at Baseline, Visit 3 (up to Week 12), and Visit 4 (up to Week 24)

    The Baseline value is the last non-missing value prior to or on the start date of Treatment Period 1. Clinical significance was determined by the Investigator (per clinical judgement). A categorization of "normal" or "abnormal" was made per the investigators' clinical judgment of the ECG, taking the participants' demographic characteristics and other medical conditions into account. CS = clinically significant. CNS = clinically not significant.

    Measured: Baseline and Visits 3 (up to 12 weeks) and 4 (up to 24 weeks)

  25. Number of Participants With the Indicated Physical Examination Abnormalities at Baseline, Visit 3 (up to Week 12), and Visit 4 (up to Week 24)

    The Baseline value is the last non-missing value prior to or on the start date of Treatment Period 1. Clinical significance was determined by the Investigator (per clinical judgement). CS = clinically significant. CNS = clinically not significant.

    Measured: Baseline and Visits 3 (up to 12 weeks) and 4 (up to 24 weeks)

  26. Number of Participants With the Indicated Concomitant Medications

    Concomitant medications are defined as non-study medications with a start or stop date between the first dose of study medication and the end of safety follow-up, inclusive. Derm. = dermatologic; incl. - including.

    Measured: up to 24 weeks

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted17 Aug 2012 (estimated)
  2. Study startAug 2012
  3. Primary completionMar 2014
  4. Study completionJun 2014

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase 3
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Crossover
Masking
Quadruple blind
Who is masked
Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
Enrolment
275 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT01667679
Sponsor's protocol ID
OPN-SUM-MIG-3302
Acronym
COMPASS
Status last verified
Mar 2017
First submitted
6 Aug 2012
Last updated
12 Apr 2017
Data monitoring committee
No

Publications

  • Lipton RB, McGinley JS, Shulman KJ, Wirth RJ, Buse DC. Faster Improvement in Migraine Pain Intensity and Migraine-Related Disability at Early Time Points with AVP-825 (Sumatriptan Nasal Powder Delivery System) versus Oral Sumatriptan: A Comparative Randomized Clinical Trial Across Multiple Attacks from the COMPASS Study. Headache. 2017 Nov;57(10):1570-1582. doi: 10.1111/head.13165. Epub 2017 Sep 7.

    PubMed 28880380
  • Tepper SJ, Cady RK, Silberstein S, Messina J, Mahmoud RA, Djupesland PG, Shin P, Siffert J. AVP-825 breath-powered intranasal delivery system containing 22 mg sumatriptan powder vs 100 mg oral sumatriptan in the acute treatment of migraines (The COMPASS study): a comparative randomized clinical trial across multiple attacks. Headache. 2015 May;55(5):621-35. doi: 10.1111/head.12583. Epub 2015 May 4.

    PubMed 25941016

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A Phase 3 study of Migraine and Headaches, run by Avanir Pharmaceuticals at 13 sites in United States.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 8 inclusion and 12 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 12 Apr 2017. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 13 sites in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

What does this phase mean?

Phase 3 studies compare the treatment with the current standard treatment or a placebo in a large group, to confirm how well it works and watch for side effects.

Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.

Are results available for this study?

Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 14 Mar 2017). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Mean Sum of Migraine Pain Intensity Differences (SPID)-30 (time frame: Baseline and 30 minutes post-dose (up to 24 weeks)). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT01667679, which also lists 2 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 12 Apr 2017.

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