Bronchopulmonary DysplasiaNCT01739114
Assessment of Lung Aeration at Birth
A study testing "IPPV group" and SI group in people with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, run by University of Alberta at 1 site in Canada.
Trial summary
To determine if respiratory support at birth guided by RFM decreases BPD. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages Up to 30 minutes
- Conditions the study is for
- Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
- What is being tested?
- "IPPV group" and SI group
- Type of treatment
- Surgery or procedure
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 186 participants
- Where
- 1 siteCanada
- Study dates
- May 2013to Oct 2014
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages Up to 30 minutes
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child
Who may be able to join
- Infants <33 weeks gestation born in the Royal Alexandra Hospital who require respiratory support for resuscitation in the delivery room.
Who cannot join
- Infants will be excluded if they have a congenital abnormality or condition that might have an adverse effect on breathing or ventilation, e.g. congenital pulmonary or airway anomalies, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, or congenital heart disease requiring intervention in neonatal period. Infants will also be excluded if their parents refuse to give consent to this study.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Sustained Inflations to Achieve Lung Aeration at Birth - a Randomized Control Trial
To determine if respiratory support at birth guided by RFM decreases BPD.
Read the detailed description
Despite recent advances in perinatal-neonatal care, there is an increasing trend of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) among survivors of prematurity1. Most infants developing BPD are born prematurely, and 75% of affected babies weigh less than 1000g at birth2. The risk of developing BPD increases with decreasing birth weight with reported incidence as high as 85% in neonates weighing between 500g and 699g, but only 5% in infants with birth weights over 1500g2. Alberta has the highest rate (10%) of delivering premature infants in Canada. In Edmonton approximately 200 premature infants <1250 g birth weight are born annually and up to 50% will develop BPD. This puts a heavy burden on health resources since these infants require frequent hospital re-admission in the first two years after birth and, even as adolescents have persistent respiratory symptoms.
Hypothesis Preterm infants <33 weeks gestation requiring breathing support at birth, the delivery of SIs (SI group) before mask ventilation compared to standard mask ventilation (IPPV group) will reduce the incidence of BPD.
Aim To determine if respiratory support at birth with initial sustained inflation compared to IPPV decreases BPD.
Study population Entry criteria Infants <33 weeks gestation born in the Royal Alexandra Hospital who require respiratory support for resuscitation in the delivery room.
Exclusion criteria Infants will be excluded if they have a congenital abnormality or condition that might have an adverse effect on breathing or ventilation, e.g. congenital pulmonary or airway anomalies, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, or congenital heart disease requiring intervention in neonatal period. Infants will also be excluded if their parents refuse to give consent to this study.
Description of interventions "SI group" Infants randomized into the "SI group" will receive two initial sustained inflations before PPV or CPAP.
"IPPV group" Infants randomized into the "IPPV group" will receive mask IPPV with an initial PIP of 20 cmH2O and PEEP of 5 cm H2O, and a ventilation rate of 40-60 inflations/min until spontaneously breathing, at which time CPAP will be provided.
"Failed SI or IPPV" Babies who fail to improve or remain apneic, bradycardic or hypoxemic despite two SIs and/or 30 seconds of effective IPPV require an alternative airway. Unit policy also dictates elective intubation and instillation of surfactant if, despite CPAP, a preterm infant continues to have increased work of breathing or requires a sustained inspiratory oxygen concentration over 40%.
- Conditions
- Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
- Being tested
- "IPPV group", SI group
- Keywords
- Lung aeration, Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, Positive Pressure Respiration, Sustained Inflation, Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
- Medical subject headings
- Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
"IPPV group"Procedure or surgery
Infants randomized into the "IPPV group" will receive mask IPPV with an initial PIP of 20 cmH2O and PEEP of 5 cm H2O, and a ventilation rate of 40-60 inflations/min until spontaneously breathing, at which time CPAP will be provided.
SI groupProcedure or surgery
Infants randomized into the "SI group" will receive two initial sustained inflations with a PIP of 20 cmH2O. After the two initial SIs infants will receive PEEP of 5 cm H2O and then CPAP if breathing spontaneously or, if found to have apnea or laboured breathing, mask IPPV with a PIP of 20 cmH2O and PEEP of 5 cmH2O at a rate of 40 to 60 bpm until spontaneously breathing, at which time CPAP will be provided
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| "SI group" | Experimental | Infants randomized into the "SI group" will receive two initial sustained inflations with a PIP of 20 cm H2O.
After the two initial SIs infants will receive PEEP of 5 cm H2O and then CPAP if breathing spontaneously or, if found to have apnea or laboured breathing, mask IPPV with a PIP of 20 cm H2O and PEEP of 5 cm H2O at a rate of 40 to 60 bpm until spontaneously breathing, at which time CPAP will be provided. Receives: Procedure: SI group |
| IPPV group | Active comparator | Infants randomized into the "IPPV group" will receive mask IPPV with an initial PIP of 20 cmH2O and PEEP of 5 cm H2O, and a ventilation rate of 40-60 inflations/min until spontaneously breathing, at which time CPAP will be provided. Receives: Procedure: "IPPV group" |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia as defined by need for oxygen or respiratory support at 36 weeks corrected gestational age.
Measured: 36 weeks corrected gestational age
Secondary outcomes (2)
Neonatal death < 28 days
Neonatal death < 28 days
Measured: < 28 days
Death before discharge
Death before discharge
Measured: before discharge from the NICU
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted3 Dec 2012 (estimated)
- Study startMay 2013
- Primary completionOct 2014
- Study completionOct 2014
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (19)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Bronchopulmonary DysplasiaStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of AlbertaThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 186 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Alberta
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Georg Schmolzer, University of Alberta
- Investigators
- Georg Schmolzer, MD,PhD, Principal investigator, University of Alberta
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01739114
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- Pro00034524
- Status last verified
- Mar 2017
- First submitted
- 27 Nov 2012
- Last updated
- 15 Mar 2017
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
Publications
Shah PS, Sankaran K, Aziz K, Allen AC, Seshia M, Ohlsson A, Lee SK; Canadian Neonatal Network. Outcomes of preterm infants <29 weeks gestation over 10-year period in Canada: a cause for concern? J Perinatol. 2012 Feb;32(2):132-8. doi: 10.1038/jp.2011.68. Epub 2011 May 19.
PubMed 21593814Baraldi E, Filippone M. Chronic lung disease after premature birth. N Engl J Med. 2007 Nov 8;357(19):1946-55. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra067279. No abstract available.
PubMed 17989387Kattwinkel J, Perlman JM, Aziz K, Colby C, Fairchild K, Gallagher J, Hazinski MF, Halamek LP, Kumar P, Little G, McGowan JE, Nightengale B, Ramirez MM, Ringer S, Simon WM, Weiner GM, Wyckoff M, Zaichkin J. Part 15: neonatal resuscitation: 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation. 2010 Nov 2;122(18 Suppl 3):S909-19. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.971119. No abstract available.
PubMed 20956231Schmolzer GM, Te Pas AB, Davis PG, Morley CJ. Reducing lung injury during neonatal resuscitation of preterm infants. J Pediatr. 2008 Dec;153(6):741-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.08.016. No abstract available.
PubMed 19014815Jobe AH. The New BPD. NeoReviews. 2006 Oct 1;7(10):e531-45.
Boon AW, Milner AD, Hopkin IE. Lung expansion, tidal exchange, and formation of the functional residual capacity during resuscitation of asphyxiated neonates. J Pediatr. 1979 Dec;95(6):1031-6. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(79)80304-2.
PubMed 387935Vyas H, Milner AD, Hopkin IE, Boon AW. Physiologic responses to prolonged and slow-rise inflation in the resuscitation of the asphyxiated newborn infant. J Pediatr. 1981 Oct;99(4):635-9. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(81)80279-x.
PubMed 7277110Lindner W, Vossbeck S, Hummler H, Pohlandt F. Delivery room management of extremely low birth weight infants: spontaneous breathing or intubation? Pediatrics. 1999 May;103(5 Pt 1):961-7. doi: 10.1542/peds.103.5.961.
PubMed 10224173Lista G, Fontana P, Castoldi F, Cavigioli F, Dani C. Does sustained lung inflation at birth improve outcome of preterm infants at risk for respiratory distress syndrome? Neonatology. 2011;99(1):45-50. doi: 10.1159/000298312. Epub 2010 Jul 9.
PubMed 20616570te Pas AB, Walther FJ. A randomized, controlled trial of delivery-room respiratory management in very preterm infants. Pediatrics. 2007 Aug;120(2):322-9. doi: 10.1542/peds.2007-0114.
PubMed 17671058te Pas AB, Siew M, Wallace MJ, Kitchen MJ, Fouras A, Lewis RA, Yagi N, Uesugi K, Donath S, Davis PG, Morley CJ, Hooper SB. Effect of sustained inflation length on establishing functional residual capacity at birth in ventilated premature rabbits. Pediatr Res. 2009 Sep;66(3):295-300. doi: 10.1203/PDR.0b013e3181b1bca4.
PubMed 19542905Siew ML, Te Pas AB, Wallace MJ, Kitchen MJ, Lewis RA, Fouras A, Morley CJ, Davis PG, Yagi N, Uesugi K, Hooper SB. Positive end-expiratory pressure enhances development of a functional residual capacity in preterm rabbits ventilated from birth. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2009 May;106(5):1487-93. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.91591.2008. Epub 2009 Mar 26.
PubMed 19325025Schmolzer GM, Morley CJ, Wong C, Dawson JA, Kamlin CO, Donath SM, Hooper SB, Davis PG. Respiratory function monitor guidance of mask ventilation in the delivery room: a feasibility study. J Pediatr. 2012 Mar;160(3):377-381.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.09.017. Epub 2011 Nov 5.
PubMed 22056350Dawson JA, Schmolzer GM, Kamlin CO, Te Pas AB, O'Donnell CP, Donath SM, Davis PG, Morley CJ. Oxygenation with T-piece versus self-inflating bag for ventilation of extremely preterm infants at birth: a randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr. 2011 Jun;158(6):912-918.e1-2. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.12.003. Epub 2011 Jan 15.
PubMed 21238983Dawson JA, Kamlin CO, Vento M, Wong C, Cole TJ, Donath SM, Davis PG, Morley CJ. Defining the reference range for oxygen saturation for infants after birth. Pediatrics. 2010 Jun;125(6):e1340-7. doi: 10.1542/peds.2009-1510. Epub 2010 May 3.
PubMed 20439604
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 15 Mar 2017. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Sustained Inflations to Achieve Lung Aeration at Birth - a Randomized Control Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01739114
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- Pro00034524
- Conditions
- Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
- Keywords
- Lung aeration, Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, Positive Pressure Respiration, Sustained Inflation, Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 186 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of AlbertaUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- May 2013
- Primary completion
- Oct 2014 (actual)
- Study completion
- Oct 2014 (actual)
- First posted
- 3 Dec 2012 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
To determine if respiratory support at birth guided by RFM decreases BPD.
Detailed description
Despite recent advances in perinatal-neonatal care, there is an increasing trend of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) among survivors of prematurity1. Most infants developing BPD are born prematurely, and 75% of affected babies weigh less than 1000g at birth2. The risk of developing BPD increases with decreasing birth weight with reported incidence as high as 85% in neonates weighing between 500g and 699g, but only 5% in infants with birth weights over 1500g2. Alberta has the highest rate (10%) of delivering premature infants in Canada. In Edmonton approximately 200 premature infants <1250 g birth weight are born annually and up to 50% will develop BPD. This puts a heavy burden on health resources since these infants require frequent hospital re-admission in the first two years after birth and, even as adolescents have persistent respiratory symptoms.
Hypothesis Preterm infants <33 weeks gestation requiring breathing support at birth, the delivery of SIs (SI group) before mask ventilation compared to standard mask ventilation (IPPV group) will reduce the incidence of BPD.
Aim To determine if respiratory support at birth with initial sustained inflation compared to IPPV decreases BPD.
Study population Entry criteria Infants <33 weeks gestation born in the Royal Alexandra Hospital who require respiratory support for resuscitation in the delivery room.
Exclusion criteria Infants will be excluded if they have a congenital abnormality or condition that might have an adverse effect on breathing or ventilation, e.g. congenital pulmonary or airway anomalies, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, or congenital heart disease requiring intervention in neonatal period. Infants will also be excluded if their parents refuse to give consent to this study.
Description of interventions "SI group" Infants randomized into the "SI group" will receive two initial sustained inflations before PPV or CPAP.
"IPPV group" Infants randomized into the "IPPV group" will receive mask IPPV with an initial PIP of 20 cmH2O and PEEP of 5 cm H2O, and a ventilation rate of 40-60 inflations/min until spontaneously breathing, at which time CPAP will be provided.
"Failed SI or IPPV" Babies who fail to improve or remain apneic, bradycardic or hypoxemic despite two SIs and/or 30 seconds of effective IPPV require an alternative airway. Unit policy also dictates elective intubation and instillation of surfactant if, despite CPAP, a preterm infant continues to have increased work of breathing or requires a sustained inspiratory oxygen concentration over 40%.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| "SI group" | Experimental | Procedure: SI groupInfants randomized into the "SI group" will receive two initial sustained inflations with a PIP of 20 cm H2O. After the two initial SIs infants will receive PEEP of 5 cm H2O and then CPAP if breathing spontaneously or, if found to have apnea or laboured breathing, mask IPPV with a PIP of 20 cm H2O and PEEP of 5 cm H2O at a rate of 40 to 60 bpm until spontaneously breathing, at which time CPAP will be provided. |
| IPPV group | Active comparator | Procedure: "IPPV group"Infants randomized into the "IPPV group" will receive mask IPPV with an initial PIP of 20 cmH2O and PEEP of 5 cm H2O, and a ventilation rate of 40-60 inflations/min until spontaneously breathing, at which time CPAP will be provided. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- Up to 30 minutes
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Infants <33 weeks gestation born in the Royal Alexandra Hospital who require respiratory support for resuscitation in the delivery room.
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Infants will be excluded if they have a congenital abnormality or condition that might have an adverse effect on breathing or ventilation, e.g. congenital pulmonary or airway anomalies, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, or congenital heart disease requiring intervention in neonatal period. Infants will also be excluded if their parents refuse to give consent to this study.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| "IPPV group"Infants randomized into the "IPPV group" will receive mask IPPV with an initial PIP of 20 cmH2O and PEEP of 5 cm H2O, and a ventilation rate of 40-60 inflations/min until spontaneously breathing, at which time CPAP will be provided. | Procedure or surgery | IPPV group |
| SI groupInfants randomized into the "SI group" will receive two initial sustained inflations with a PIP of 20 cmH2O. After the two initial SIs infants will receive PEEP of 5 cm H2O and then CPAP if breathing spontaneously or, if found to have apnea or laboured breathing, mask IPPV with a PIP of 20 cmH2O and PEEP of 5 cmH2O at a rate of 40 to 60 bpm until spontaneously breathing, at which time CPAP will be provided | Procedure or surgery | "SI group" |
Primary outcome
Difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Time frame: 36 weeks corrected gestational age
Difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia as defined by need for oxygen or respiratory support at 36 weeks corrected gestational age.
2 secondary outcomes
Neonatal death < 28 days
Time frame: < 28 days
Death before discharge
Time frame: before discharge from the NICU
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 15 Mar 2017.
- Background: PubMed 21593814Shah PS, Sankaran K, Aziz K, Allen AC, Seshia M, Ohlsson A, Lee SK; Canadian Neonatal Network. Outcomes of preterm infants <29 weeks gestation over 10-year period in Canada: a cause for concern? J Perinatol. 2012 Feb;32(2):132-8. doi: 10.1038/jp.2011.68. Epub 2011 May 19.
- Background: PubMed 17989387Baraldi E, Filippone M. Chronic lung disease after premature birth. N Engl J Med. 2007 Nov 8;357(19):1946-55. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra067279. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 20956231Kattwinkel J, Perlman JM, Aziz K, Colby C, Fairchild K, Gallagher J, Hazinski MF, Halamek LP, Kumar P, Little G, McGowan JE, Nightengale B, Ramirez MM, Ringer S, Simon WM, Weiner GM, Wyckoff M, Zaichkin J. Part 15: neonatal resuscitation: 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation. 2010 Nov 2;122(18 Suppl 3):S909-19. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.971119. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 19014815Schmolzer GM, Te Pas AB, Davis PG, Morley CJ. Reducing lung injury during neonatal resuscitation of preterm infants. J Pediatr. 2008 Dec;153(6):741-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.08.016. No abstract available.
- BackgroundJobe AH. The New BPD. NeoReviews. 2006 Oct 1;7(10):e531-45.
- Background: PubMed 387935Boon AW, Milner AD, Hopkin IE. Lung expansion, tidal exchange, and formation of the functional residual capacity during resuscitation of asphyxiated neonates. J Pediatr. 1979 Dec;95(6):1031-6. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(79)80304-2.
- Background: PubMed 7277110Vyas H, Milner AD, Hopkin IE, Boon AW. Physiologic responses to prolonged and slow-rise inflation in the resuscitation of the asphyxiated newborn infant. J Pediatr. 1981 Oct;99(4):635-9. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(81)80279-x.
- Background: PubMed 10224173Lindner W, Vossbeck S, Hummler H, Pohlandt F. Delivery room management of extremely low birth weight infants: spontaneous breathing or intubation? Pediatrics. 1999 May;103(5 Pt 1):961-7. doi: 10.1542/peds.103.5.961.
- Background: PubMed 20616570Lista G, Fontana P, Castoldi F, Cavigioli F, Dani C. Does sustained lung inflation at birth improve outcome of preterm infants at risk for respiratory distress syndrome? Neonatology. 2011;99(1):45-50. doi: 10.1159/000298312. Epub 2010 Jul 9.
- Background: PubMed 17671058te Pas AB, Walther FJ. A randomized, controlled trial of delivery-room respiratory management in very preterm infants. Pediatrics. 2007 Aug;120(2):322-9. doi: 10.1542/peds.2007-0114.
- Background: PubMed 19542905te Pas AB, Siew M, Wallace MJ, Kitchen MJ, Fouras A, Lewis RA, Yagi N, Uesugi K, Donath S, Davis PG, Morley CJ, Hooper SB. Effect of sustained inflation length on establishing functional residual capacity at birth in ventilated premature rabbits. Pediatr Res. 2009 Sep;66(3):295-300. doi: 10.1203/PDR.0b013e3181b1bca4.
- Background: PubMed 19325025Siew ML, Te Pas AB, Wallace MJ, Kitchen MJ, Lewis RA, Fouras A, Morley CJ, Davis PG, Yagi N, Uesugi K, Hooper SB. Positive end-expiratory pressure enhances development of a functional residual capacity in preterm rabbits ventilated from birth. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2009 May;106(5):1487-93. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.91591.2008. Epub 2009 Mar 26.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Georg Schmolzer, MD,PhD principal investigator
University of Alberta
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing "IPPV group" and SI group in people with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, run by University of Alberta at 1 site in Canada.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 15 Mar 2017. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Canada. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (time frame: 36 weeks corrected gestational age). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT01739114, which also lists 19 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 15 Mar 2017.