Sjogren SyndromePhase 4NCT01850979
Treatment of Dry Eye Using 0.03% Tacrolimus Eye Drops
A Phase 4 study testing Tacrolimus and Olive Oil in people with Sjogren Syndrome and Dry Eye Syndrome, run by University of Sao Paulo General Hospital at 1 site in Brazil.
Trial summary
Aqueous deficiency dry eye is mainly caused by Sjogren syndrome (SS), an autoimmune, chronic, inflammatory and systemic disease which affects most commonly the lacrimal and salivary glands.The ocular treatment is focused in increasing lubrification and decreasing inflammation with topical autologous serum, topical… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 40 to 60 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Sjogren Syndrome, Dry Eye Syndrome
- What is being tested?
- Tacrolimus and Olive Oil
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 24 participants
- Where
- 1 siteBrazil
- Study dates
- Feb 2010to Nov 2011
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 40 to 60 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- SS was diagnosed according to the SS European Criteria
- chronic symptoms of burning, foreign body sensation, itching in both eyes
- daily need of artificial tears
- abnormal Schirmer (ST) I test < 5mm or rose Bengal staining (RBS) ≥ 4, or break up time (BUT) < 5 seconds.
Who cannot join
- any structural abnormalities (lid scarring, entropion, trichiasis, etc.)
- any inflammation or active structural change in the iris or anterior chamber
- glaucoma
- previous eye surgery or punctual occlusion
- use of any other topical medication other than artificial tears
- any systemic or topical antibacterial or antiinflammatory drug treatment 90 days before study entry
Show all 11Show fewer
- contact lens wearer
- the presence of any corneal infection
- any corneal diseases (marginal ulcer, opacity, scar, bullous keratopathy, conjunctivochalasis, symblepharon or tumor)
- pregnancy
- change in the immunosuppressive systemic therapy 90 days before study entry
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Brazil1 site
University of Sao Paulo General Hospital
São Paulo, São Paulo, 05403000
About this study
Official title: Treatment of Dry Eye Using 0.03% Tacrolimus Eye Drops: Prospective Double-Blind Randomized Study
Aqueous deficiency dry eye is mainly caused by Sjogren syndrome (SS), an autoimmune, chronic, inflammatory and systemic disease which affects most commonly the lacrimal and salivary glands.The ocular treatment is focused in increasing lubrification and decreasing inflammation with topical autologous serum, topical immunosuppressive agents and corticotherapy. Use of topical immunosuppressants has increased in recent years because the topical corticotherapy leads to ocular complications. The most used immunosuppressant is cyclosporine. Tacrolimus , another immunosuppressant, has been used in treatment of immune and inflammatory ocular diseases.This study describes a prospective controlled double-blinded randomized study of the clinical outcome of SS dry eyes patients treated with 0.03% tacrolimus eye drops. As secondary purposes, outcome of dry eye symptoms and any ocular symptoms of the eye drops were also questioned to the patients.
Read the detailed description
Aqueous deficiency dry eye is mainly caused by Sjogren syndrome (SS), an autoimmune, chronic, inflammatory and systemic disease which affects most commonly the lacrimal and salivary glands. The hyperreactivity of B lymphocytes causes lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, which induces production of antibodies against antigens of the acinar epithelium and ducts of the lacrimal exocrine gland . The ocular treatment is focused in increasing lubrification and decreasing inflammation with topical autologous serum, topical immunosuppressive agents and corticotherapy. Use of topical immunosuppressants has increased in recent years because the topical corticotherapy leads to ocular complications.
Among topical immunosuppressants the most used ones are tacrolimus, also known as FK506 and cyclosporine A (CsA). Their mechanism of action is similar, but FK 506 is described to be 10 to 100 times more potent than CsA. Tacrolimus is a macrolide with immunomodulatory action and becomes biologically active only when it binds to immunophilin and acts by inhibiting calcineurin, limiting transduction of the signal that carries information from the cell membrane to the nucleus, with the aim of stimulating interleukin (IL) - 2 synthesis, and inhibiting T and B lymphocyte activation . Generally, tacrolimus suppresses the immune response by inhibiting the release of other inflammatory cytokines (eg, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, interferon- ϒ, and tumor necrosis factor - α) .
The systemic and topical use of tacrolimus is already well established in ophthalmologic treatments of immune-mediated diseases , uveitis, graft-versus-host disease , corneal transplants and ocular pemphigoid . In veterinary medicine, topical tacrolimus aqueous suspension is well established to treat dry eye in dogs . In humans, tacrolimus eye drops were reported to be effective in treating severe allergic conjunctivitis . In a previous report, our group has showed the clinical outcomes of a case series of eight patients with dry eye using 0.03% tacrolimus eye drops 5 based on evidence in treating animals with KCS.
This study describes a prospective controlled double-blinded randomized study of the clinical outcome of SS dry eyes patients treated with 0.03% tacrolimus eye drops. As secondary purposes, outcome of dry eye symptoms and any ocular symptoms of the eye drops were also questioned to the patients.
- Conditions
- Sjogren Syndrome, Dry Eye Syndrome
- Being tested
- Tacrolimus, Olive Oil
- Keywords
- CYCLOSPORINE/TACROLIMUS [VA Drug Interaction]
- Medical subject headings
- Sjogren's Syndrome, Dry Eye Syndromes
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
TacrolimusDrug
Also called FK 506
tacrolimus 0,03% eyedrops (olive oil vehicle) every 12 hours for 3 months placebo : olive oil eyedrops every 12 hours for 3 months
Olive OilDrug
Also called placebo
All patients in this groups receive eye drops containing olive oil (vehicle of tacrolimus eye drops) twice a day (every 12 hours) for 90 days.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| tacrolimus | Active comparator | tacrolimus 0,03% eye drops (olive oil as vehicle) every 12/12 hours for 3 months placebo as olive oil eye drops every 12/12h hours for 3 months Receives: Drug: Tacrolimus |
| Olive Oil | Placebo comparator | All patients in this groups receive eye drops containing olive oil (vehicle of tacrolimus eye drops) twice a day (every 12 hours) for 90 days. Receives: Drug: Olive Oil |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Evaluation of the quantity of lacrimal film
Schirmer I test was performed using a Whatman 41 paper strip placed in the lateral lower conjunctival sac, and the measurement was recorded after 5 minutes (at least 30 minutes after BUT and staining scoring).The exam was made in the same room with control of humidity and temperature by the same examinator
Measured: 90 days
Secondary outcomes (1)
Evaluation of quality of lacrimal film
The BUT(break up time) was measured 3 times and averaged, using a chronometer in the same room with control of temperature and humidity by the same examinator.
Measured: 90 days
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted10 May 2013 (estimated)
- Study startFeb 2010
- Primary completionNov 2011
- Study completionNov 2011
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (17)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Sjogren SyndromeStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of Sao Paulo General HospitalThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 24 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Sao Paulo General Hospital
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Fernando Eiji Sakassegawa Naves, University of Sao Paulo General Hospital
- Investigators
- ruth m santo, assistent, Study chair, University of Sao Paulo General Hospital
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01850979
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 1307/09
- Status last verified
- May 2013
- First submitted
- 1 May 2013
- Last updated
- 10 May 2013
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
Publications
Felberg S, Dantas PE. [Sjogren's syndrome: diagnosis and treatment]. Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2006 Nov-Dec;69(6):959-63. doi: 10.1590/s0004-27492006000600032. Portuguese.
PubMed 17273698The definition and classification of dry eye disease: report of the Definition and Classification Subcommittee of the International Dry Eye WorkShop (2007). Ocul Surf. 2007 Apr;5(2):75-92. doi: 10.1016/s1542-0124(12)70081-2.
PubMed 17508116Management and therapy of dry eye disease: report of the Management and Therapy Subcommittee of the International Dry Eye WorkShop (2007). Ocul Surf. 2007 Apr;5(2):163-78. doi: 10.1016/s1542-0124(12)70085-x.
PubMed 17508120Shoji J, Sakimoto T, Muromoto K, Inada N, Sawa M, Ra C. Comparison of topical dexamethasone and topical FK506 treatment for the experimental allergic conjunctivitis model in BALB/c mice. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2005 May-Jun;49(3):205-10. doi: 10.1007/s10384-004-0187-3.
PubMed 15944824Moscovici BK, Holzchuh R, Chiacchio BB, Santo RM, Shimazaki J, Hida RY. Clinical treatment of dry eye using 0.03% tacrolimus eye drops. Cornea. 2012 Aug;31(8):945-9. doi: 10.1097/ICO.0b013e31823f8c9b.
PubMed 22511024Attas-Fox L, Barkana Y, Iskhakov V, Rayvich S, Gerber Y, Morad Y, Avni I, Zadok D. Topical tacrolimus 0.03% ointment for intractable allergic conjunctivitis: an open-label pilot study. Curr Eye Res. 2008 Jul;33(7):545-9. doi: 10.1080/02713680802149115.
PubMed 18600486Bertelmann E, Pleyer U. Immunomodulatory therapy in ophthalmology - is there a place for topical application? Ophthalmologica. 2004 Nov-Dec;218(6):359-67. doi: 10.1159/000080937.
PubMed 15564752Fei WL, Chen JQ, Yuan J, Quan DP, Zhou SY. Preliminary study of the effect of FK506 nanospheric-suspension eye drops on rejection of penetrating keratoplasty. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2008 Apr;24(2):235-44. doi: 10.1089/jop.2007.0059.
PubMed 18321198Fujita E, Teramura Y, Mitsugi K, Ninomiya S, Iwatsubo T, Kawamura A, Kamimura H. Absorption, distribution, and excretion of 14C-labeled tacrolimus (FK506) after a single or repeated ocular instillation in rabbits. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2008 Jun;24(3):333-43. doi: 10.1089/jop.2007.0086.
PubMed 18476802Fujita E, Teramura Y, Shiraga T, Yoshioka S, Iwatsubo T, Kawamura A, Kamimura H. Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of tacrolimus (FK506) after a single or repeated ocular instillation in rabbits. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2008 Jun;24(3):309-19. doi: 10.1089/jop.2007.0083.
PubMed 18476801Pleyer U, Lutz S, Jusko WJ, Nguyen KD, Narawane M, Ruckert D, Mondino BJ, Lee VH, Nguyen K. Ocular absorption of topically applied FK506 from liposomal and oil formulations in the rabbit eye. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1993 Aug;34(9):2737-42.
PubMed 7688360Ohashi Y, Ebihara N, Fujishima H, Fukushima A, Kumagai N, Nakagawa Y, Namba K, Okamoto S, Shoji J, Takamura E, Hayashi K. A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of tacrolimus ophthalmic suspension 0.1% in severe allergic conjunctivitis. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Apr;26(2):165-74. doi: 10.1089/jop.2009.0087.
PubMed 20307214Dhaliwal JS, Mason BF, Kaufman SC. Long-term use of topical tacrolimus (FK506) in high-risk penetrating keratoplasty. Cornea. 2008 May;27(4):488-93. doi: 10.1097/ICO.0b013e3181606086.
PubMed 18434855Vitali C, Bombardieri S, Jonsson R, Moutsopoulos HM, Alexander EL, Carsons SE, Daniels TE, Fox PC, Fox RI, Kassan SS, Pillemer SR, Talal N, Weisman MH; European Study Group on Classification Criteria for Sjogren's Syndrome. Classification criteria for Sjogren's syndrome: a revised version of the European criteria proposed by the American-European Consensus Group. Ann Rheum Dis. 2002 Jun;61(6):554-8. doi: 10.1136/ard.61.6.554.
PubMed 12006334van Bijsterveld OP. Diagnostic tests in the Sicca syndrome. Arch Ophthalmol. 1969 Jul;82(1):10-4. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1969.00990020012003. No abstract available.
PubMed 4183019
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 10 May 2013. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Treatment of Dry Eye Using 0.03% Tacrolimus Eye Drops: Prospective Double-Blind Randomized Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT01850979
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 1307/09
- Conditions
- Sjogren Syndrome, Dry Eye Syndrome
- Keywords
- CYCLOSPORINE/TACROLIMUS [VA Drug Interaction]
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 24 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of Sao Paulo General HospitalUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- Feb 2010
- Primary completion
- Nov 2011 (actual)
- Study completion
- Nov 2011 (actual)
- First posted
- 10 May 2013 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Aqueous deficiency dry eye is mainly caused by Sjogren syndrome (SS), an autoimmune, chronic, inflammatory and systemic disease which affects most commonly the lacrimal and salivary glands.The ocular treatment is focused in increasing lubrification and decreasing inflammation with topical autologous serum, topical immunosuppressive agents and corticotherapy. Use of topical immunosuppressants has increased in recent years because the topical corticotherapy leads to ocular complications. The most used immunosuppressant is cyclosporine. Tacrolimus , another immunosuppressant, has been used in treatment of immune and inflammatory ocular diseases.This study describes a prospective controlled double-blinded randomized study of the clinical outcome of SS dry eyes patients treated with 0.03% tacrolimus eye drops. As secondary purposes, outcome of dry eye symptoms and any ocular symptoms of the eye drops were also questioned to the patients.
Detailed description
Aqueous deficiency dry eye is mainly caused by Sjogren syndrome (SS), an autoimmune, chronic, inflammatory and systemic disease which affects most commonly the lacrimal and salivary glands. The hyperreactivity of B lymphocytes causes lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, which induces production of antibodies against antigens of the acinar epithelium and ducts of the lacrimal exocrine gland . The ocular treatment is focused in increasing lubrification and decreasing inflammation with topical autologous serum, topical immunosuppressive agents and corticotherapy. Use of topical immunosuppressants has increased in recent years because the topical corticotherapy leads to ocular complications.
Among topical immunosuppressants the most used ones are tacrolimus, also known as FK506 and cyclosporine A (CsA). Their mechanism of action is similar, but FK 506 is described to be 10 to 100 times more potent than CsA. Tacrolimus is a macrolide with immunomodulatory action and becomes biologically active only when it binds to immunophilin and acts by inhibiting calcineurin, limiting transduction of the signal that carries information from the cell membrane to the nucleus, with the aim of stimulating interleukin (IL) - 2 synthesis, and inhibiting T and B lymphocyte activation . Generally, tacrolimus suppresses the immune response by inhibiting the release of other inflammatory cytokines (eg, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, interferon- ϒ, and tumor necrosis factor - α) .
The systemic and topical use of tacrolimus is already well established in ophthalmologic treatments of immune-mediated diseases , uveitis, graft-versus-host disease , corneal transplants and ocular pemphigoid . In veterinary medicine, topical tacrolimus aqueous suspension is well established to treat dry eye in dogs . In humans, tacrolimus eye drops were reported to be effective in treating severe allergic conjunctivitis . In a previous report, our group has showed the clinical outcomes of a case series of eight patients with dry eye using 0.03% tacrolimus eye drops 5 based on evidence in treating animals with KCS.
This study describes a prospective controlled double-blinded randomized study of the clinical outcome of SS dry eyes patients treated with 0.03% tacrolimus eye drops. As secondary purposes, outcome of dry eye symptoms and any ocular symptoms of the eye drops were also questioned to the patients.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| tacrolimus | Active comparator | Drug: Tacrolimustacrolimus 0,03% eye drops (olive oil as vehicle) every 12/12 hours for 3 months placebo as olive oil eye drops every 12/12h hours for 3 months |
| Olive Oil | Placebo comparator | Drug: Olive OilAll patients in this groups receive eye drops containing olive oil (vehicle of tacrolimus eye drops) twice a day (every 12 hours) for 90 days. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 40 to 60 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- SS was diagnosed according to the SS European Criteria
- chronic symptoms of burning, foreign body sensation, itching in both eyes
- daily need of artificial tears
- abnormal Schirmer (ST) I test < 5mm or rose Bengal staining (RBS) ≥ 4, or break up time (BUT) < 5 seconds.
Key exclusion criteria (11 listed)
- any structural abnormalities (lid scarring, entropion, trichiasis, etc.)
- any inflammation or active structural change in the iris or anterior chamber
- glaucoma
- previous eye surgery or punctual occlusion
- use of any other topical medication other than artificial tears
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| TacrolimusAlso: FK 506tacrolimus 0,03% eyedrops (olive oil vehicle) every 12 hours for 3 months placebo : olive oil eyedrops every 12 hours for 3 months | Drug | tacrolimus |
| Olive OilAlso: placeboAll patients in this groups receive eye drops containing olive oil (vehicle of tacrolimus eye drops) twice a day (every 12 hours) for 90 days. | Drug | Olive Oil |
Primary outcome
Evaluation of the quantity of lacrimal film
Time frame: 90 days
Schirmer I test was performed using a Whatman 41 paper strip placed in the lateral lower conjunctival sac, and the measurement was recorded after 5 minutes (at least 30 minutes after BUT and staining scoring).The exam was made in the same room with control of humidity and temperature by the same examinator
1 secondary outcome
Evaluation of quality of lacrimal film
Time frame: 90 days
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 10 May 2013.
- Background: PubMed 17273698Felberg S, Dantas PE. [Sjogren's syndrome: diagnosis and treatment]. Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2006 Nov-Dec;69(6):959-63. doi: 10.1590/s0004-27492006000600032. Portuguese.
- Background: PubMed 17508116The definition and classification of dry eye disease: report of the Definition and Classification Subcommittee of the International Dry Eye WorkShop (2007). Ocul Surf. 2007 Apr;5(2):75-92. doi: 10.1016/s1542-0124(12)70081-2.
- Background: PubMed 17508120Management and therapy of dry eye disease: report of the Management and Therapy Subcommittee of the International Dry Eye WorkShop (2007). Ocul Surf. 2007 Apr;5(2):163-78. doi: 10.1016/s1542-0124(12)70085-x.
- Background: PubMed 15944824Shoji J, Sakimoto T, Muromoto K, Inada N, Sawa M, Ra C. Comparison of topical dexamethasone and topical FK506 treatment for the experimental allergic conjunctivitis model in BALB/c mice. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2005 May-Jun;49(3):205-10. doi: 10.1007/s10384-004-0187-3.
- Background: PubMed 22511024Moscovici BK, Holzchuh R, Chiacchio BB, Santo RM, Shimazaki J, Hida RY. Clinical treatment of dry eye using 0.03% tacrolimus eye drops. Cornea. 2012 Aug;31(8):945-9. doi: 10.1097/ICO.0b013e31823f8c9b.
- Background: PubMed 18600486Attas-Fox L, Barkana Y, Iskhakov V, Rayvich S, Gerber Y, Morad Y, Avni I, Zadok D. Topical tacrolimus 0.03% ointment for intractable allergic conjunctivitis: an open-label pilot study. Curr Eye Res. 2008 Jul;33(7):545-9. doi: 10.1080/02713680802149115.
- Background: PubMed 15564752Bertelmann E, Pleyer U. Immunomodulatory therapy in ophthalmology - is there a place for topical application? Ophthalmologica. 2004 Nov-Dec;218(6):359-67. doi: 10.1159/000080937.
- Background: PubMed 18321198Fei WL, Chen JQ, Yuan J, Quan DP, Zhou SY. Preliminary study of the effect of FK506 nanospheric-suspension eye drops on rejection of penetrating keratoplasty. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2008 Apr;24(2):235-44. doi: 10.1089/jop.2007.0059.
- Background: PubMed 18476802Fujita E, Teramura Y, Mitsugi K, Ninomiya S, Iwatsubo T, Kawamura A, Kamimura H. Absorption, distribution, and excretion of 14C-labeled tacrolimus (FK506) after a single or repeated ocular instillation in rabbits. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2008 Jun;24(3):333-43. doi: 10.1089/jop.2007.0086.
- Background: PubMed 18476801Fujita E, Teramura Y, Shiraga T, Yoshioka S, Iwatsubo T, Kawamura A, Kamimura H. Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of tacrolimus (FK506) after a single or repeated ocular instillation in rabbits. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2008 Jun;24(3):309-19. doi: 10.1089/jop.2007.0083.
- Background: PubMed 7688360Pleyer U, Lutz S, Jusko WJ, Nguyen KD, Narawane M, Ruckert D, Mondino BJ, Lee VH, Nguyen K. Ocular absorption of topically applied FK506 from liposomal and oil formulations in the rabbit eye. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1993 Aug;34(9):2737-42.
- Background: PubMed 20307214Ohashi Y, Ebihara N, Fujishima H, Fukushima A, Kumagai N, Nakagawa Y, Namba K, Okamoto S, Shoji J, Takamura E, Hayashi K. A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of tacrolimus ophthalmic suspension 0.1% in severe allergic conjunctivitis. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Apr;26(2):165-74. doi: 10.1089/jop.2009.0087.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
ruth m santo, assistent study chair
University of Sao Paulo General Hospital
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 4 study testing Tacrolimus and Olive Oil in people with Sjogren Syndrome and Dry Eye Syndrome, run by University of Sao Paulo General Hospital at 1 site in Brazil.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 11 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 10 May 2013. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Brazil. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 4 studies take place after a treatment is approved, to learn more about its long-term benefits and risks in everyday use.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Evaluation of the quantity of lacrimal film (time frame: 90 days). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT01850979, which also lists 17 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 10 May 2013.