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Food AllergyPhase 4VITALITYNCT02112734

Can Vitamin D Supplementation in the First Year of Life Prevent Food Allergy in Infants? The VITALITY Trial: Parts 1&2

A Phase 4 study testing Vitamin D in people with Food Allergy, run by Murdoch Childrens Research Institute at 1 site in Australia.

Active, not recruiting

Under way, not looking for participants. Everyone needed has enrolled. The study is still running.

Official record
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Trial summary

We report that Australia has the highest prevalence of Immunoglobulin(Ig)E-mediated food allergy in the world, with 10% of infants having challenge-proven food allergy in Melbourne. There has been a 5-fold increase in hospital admissions for life-threatening anaphylaxis. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 6 to 12 weeksHealthy volunteers can take part
Conditions the study is for
Food Allergy
What is being tested?
Vitamin D
Could I receive a placebo?
Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
How many people
2,739 participants
Where
1 siteAustralia
Study dates
Dec 2014to Dec 2028
Phase
Phase 4
Are there results?
Not yet: the study is under way

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 6 to 12 weeks
  • All sexes
  • Healthy volunteers accepted
  • Child

Who may be able to join

  • Each participant must meet the following criteria to be included in this study:
  • Healthy, term (born no earlier than 2 weeks before estimated date of delivery), predominantly breastfeeding infants aged 6 to 12 weeks (inclusive) who are expected to be predominantly breastfed for at least 6-months. This will be determined by answering yes/no to question 'do you intend/wish to breastfeed until your infant is at least 6 months of age.' Up to one bottle (approx. 120mL) of formula per 24 hours at the time of screening is acceptable, as this will contain <100 IU vitamin D.
  • Has a parent/legally acceptable representative (LAR) capable of understanding the informed consent document and providing consent on the subject's behalf,
  • The parent must expect to be able to complete 4 online questionnaires over the infant's first 12 months of life and for the infant to be available for skin prick testing (+/- food challenge) at The Royal Children's Hospital at 12 months of age.

Who cannot join

  • Participants meeting any of the following criteria will be excluded from the study:
  • Infants who are currently receiving vitamin D supplementation
  • Infants on medication that interferes with vitamin D metabolism
  • Poor health due to a current or past significant disease state or congenital abnormality.
  • Prematurity <37 weeks/low birth weight <2500 g/Small for gestational age (SGA)
  • Unable to provide consent without the aid of an interpreter.
  • Women at high risk of vitamin D deficiency with infants on vitamin D supplementation.

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

Australia1 site
  • Murdoch Childrens Research Institute

    Melbourne, Victoria, 3052

Other trials in Australia

About this study

Official title: Can Vitamin D Supplementation Prevent Food Allergy in Infants? The VITALITY Trial

We report that Australia has the highest prevalence of Immunoglobulin(Ig)E-mediated food allergy in the world, with 10% of infants having challenge-proven food allergy in Melbourne. There has been a 5-fold increase in hospital admissions for life-threatening anaphylaxis. These changes are most pronounced in children less than 5 years, suggesting a causal role for early life determinants. We have primary data to inform hypotheses for the rise in food allergy, which appears to result from potentially modifiable factors related to the modern lifestyle, particularly Vitamin D insufficiency (VDI). We propose an intervention study to assess if infant Vitamin D supplementation during the first year of life significantly decreases the risk of early-onset food allergy and other allergic disease at 12 months (part 1) and 6 years of age (part 2). Australia is ideally placed to answer this important question since, unlike the USA, Canada and Europe, there are no population recommendations for routine infant supplementation with Vitamin D and we are one of the few developed countries that do not supplement the food chain supply with Vitamin D.

Read the detailed description

There is an urgent need to prevent the onset and progression of food allergy in our population. Evidence demonstrates that food allergy and atopic eczema represent the earliest manifestations of the atopic march with 50% of infants with food allergy predicted to develop respiratory allergic diseases later in life. We report that Australia has the highest prevalence of Immunoglobulin(Ig)E-mediated food allergy in the world, with 10% of infants having challenge-proven food allergy in Melbourne. There has been a 5-fold increase in hospital admissions for life-threatening anaphylaxis. These changes are most pronounced in children less than 5 years, suggesting a causal role for early life determinants. We have primary data to inform hypotheses for the rise in food allergy, which appears to result from potentially modifiable factors related to the modern lifestyle, particularly Vitamin D insufficiency (VDI), and have demonstrated an association between VDI and increased risk of challenge-proven food allergy in 12-month old infants, which supports numerous ecological studies showing an increased risk of food allergy the further a child resides from the equator (associated with decreased UV exposure and Vitamin D levels). Despite Australia's sunny climate, population rates of VDI have steadily increased in infants and pregnant women in parallel to the apparent rise in food allergic disease. This association is biologically plausible, as there is evidence Vitamin D is critical to the healthy development of the immune system in early life. We propose an intervention study to assess if infant Vitamin D supplementation during the first year of life significantly decreases the risk of early-onset food allergy and other allergic disease at 12 months (part 1) and 6 years of age (part 2). Australia is ideally placed to answer this important question since, unlike the USA, Canada and Europe, there are no population recommendations for routine infant supplementation with Vitamin D and we are one of the few developed countries that do not supplement the food chain supply with Vitamin D.

Conditions
Food Allergy
Being tested
Vitamin D, placebo
Keywords
vitamin D, food allergy, eczema
Medical subject headings
Food Hypersensitivity, Eczema

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • Vitamin DDrug

    Also called cholecalciferol

    400 IU/daily until age 12 months

  • placeboDrug

    Also called placebo is identical carrier minus vitamin D

    identical placebo daily

Study groups in NCT02112734
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
vitamin DActive comparator400 IU /daily cholecalciferol/vitamin D
Receives: Drug: Vitamin D
placeboPlacebo comparatorcarrier formulation minus vitamin D
Receives: Drug: placebo

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. The prevalence of challenge-proven food allergy at 12 months of age

    The prevalence of challenge-proven food allergy at 12 months of age determined by a positive SPT and a positive oral food challenge

    Measured: At 12 months of age

  2. The occurrence of definite food allergy or tolerance at 6 years of age

    The occurrence of definite food allergy or tolerance at 6 years of age can only be determined by combining data from an oral food challenge, a skin prick test (SPT) and/or serum specific IgE test, and/or parent/self-reported ingestion history and reactions to the index food.

    Measured: At 6 years of age

Secondary outcomes (23)
  1. The prevalence of food sensitisation at 12 months of age determined by SPT positive

    The prevalence of food sensitisation at 12 months of age determined by SPT positive

    Measured: At 12 months of age

  2. The prevalence of doctor diagnosed eczema during the first postnatal year

    The prevalence of doctor diagnosed eczema during the first postnatal year

    Measured: During the first postnatal year

  3. The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency (serum concentration of 25(OH)D <50 nmol/L ) at age 12 months determined by measuring blood taken at the 12 month clinic visit

    The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency (serum concentration of 25(OH)D <50 nmol/L ) at age 12 months determined by measuring blood taken at the 12 month clinic visit

    Measured: At 12 months of age

  4. Allergy-related healthcare utilisation within the first 12 months of life

    Allergy-related healthcare utilisation within the first 12 months of life

    Measured: Within the first 12 months of life

  5. Infection episodes within the first 12 months of life

    Infection episodes within the first 12 months of life

    Measured: Within the first 12 months of life

  6. Measure of height at 12 months of age

    Measure of height at 12 months of age

    Measured: At 12 months of age

  7. Measure of weight at 12months of age

    Measure of weight at 12months of age

    Measured: At 12 months of age

  8. Wheeze episodes within the first 12 months of life

    Wheeze episodes within the first 12 months of life

    Measured: Within the first 12 months of life

  9. The occurrence of food sensitisation at 6 years of age determined by SPT positive

    The occurrence of food sensitisation at 6 years of age determined by SPT positive

    Measured: At 6 years of age

  10. The occurrence of asthma in the first 6 years of life

    The occurrence of asthma at 6 years of age

    Measured: At 6 years of age

  11. The occurrence of eczema in the first 6 years of life

    The occurrence of eczema in the first 6 years of life

    Measured: Within first 6 years of life

  12. The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency (serum concentration of 25(OH)D <50 nmol/L ) at age 6 years determined by measuring blood taken at the 6 year clinic visit

    The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency (serum concentration of 25(OH)D <50 nmol/L ) at age 6 years determined by measuring blood taken at the 6 year clinic visit

    Measured: At 6 years of age

  13. Allergy-related healthcare utilisation in the first 6 years of life

    Allergy-related healthcare utilisation in the first 6 years of life by data linkage from MBS and PBS

    Measured: Within first 6 years of life

  14. Measure of height at 6 years of age

    Measure of height at 6 years of age

    Measured: At 6 years of age

  15. Measure of Waist circumference at 6 years of age

    Measure of Waist circumference at 6 years of age

    Measured: At 6 years of age

  16. Measure of Hip circumference at 6 years of age

    Measure of Hip circumference at 6 years of age

    Measured: At 6 years of age

  17. Lung function at 6 years of age

    Lung function: bronchial responsiveness is measured using the percent change from baseline and absolute changes in forced expiratory volume (FEV) in 1 second and/or forced vital capacity (FVC) at 6 years of age

    Measured: At 6 years of age

  18. The occurrence of rhinitis in the first 6 years of life

    The occurrence of rhinitis in the first 6 years of life

    Measured: Within first 6 years of life

  19. Psychosocial Distress at 6 years of age

    Psychosocial health at 6 years of age by Kessler Psychological Distress Scale-10 (K-10) for parents The K10 scale involves 10 questions about emotional states each with a five-level response scale. Each item is scored from one 'none of the time' to five 'all of the time'. Scores of the 10 items are then summed, yielding a minimum score of 10 and a maximum score of 50. Low scores indicate low levels of psychological distress and high scores indicate high levels of psychological distress.

    Measured: At 6 years of age

  20. Psychosocial health at 6 years of age

    Psychosocial health at 6 years of age by Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) for child

    SDQ ask about 25 attributes, some positive and others negative.bThese 25 items are divided between 5 scales:

    1. emotional symptoms (5 items) } 1) to 4) added together to generate a total difficulties score (based on 20 items)
    2. conduct problems (5 items)
    3. hyperactivity/inattention (5 items)
    4. peer relationship problems (5 items)
    5. prosocial behaviour (5 items)

    Measured: At 6 years of age

  21. Quality of life at 6 years of age

    Quality of life (QL) at 6 years of age by Child Health Utility 9D (CHU9D, parent proxy version; PedsQL Parent Report for Young Children ages 5-7) The questionnaire has 9 questions with 5 response levels per question. The CHU9D allows the analyst to obtain quality adjusted life years (QALYs) directly for use in cost utility analysis.

    Measured: At 6 years of age

  22. Quality of life regarding Food Allergy at 6 years of age

    Quality of life (QL) at 6 years of age by Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaires-Parent Form (FAQLQ-PF) All items are scored on a 7-point Likert scale from 0 (not at all troubled) to 6 (extremely troubled) [22]. The total scores are divided by the number of items answered, giving a range of scores from 0 to 6, with higher values indicating a poorer quality of life

    Measured: At 6 years of age

  23. Dental health at 6 years of age

    Dental health at 6 years of age: A registered oral health professional will examine the participant's mouth and teeth, checking for cavities/dental decay as well as developmental mark on the teeth. In addition, a 3D scan and/or photographs of the participant's teeth will be taken to document findings.

    Measured: At 6 years of age

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted14 Apr 2014 (estimated)
  2. Study startDec 2014
  3. Primary completionApr 2028 (estimated)
  4. Study completionDec 2028 (estimated)

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase 4
Primary purpose
Prevention
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Parallel groups
Masking
Quadruple blind
Who is masked
Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
Enrolment
2,739 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT02112734
Sponsor's protocol ID
HREC # 34168 A
Acronym
VITALITY
Status last verified
Nov 2025
First submitted
10 Apr 2014
Last updated
3 Dec 2025
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
Yes

Publications

  • Allen KJ, Koplin JJ, Ponsonby AL, Gurrin LC, Wake M, Vuillermin P, Martin P, Matheson M, Lowe A, Robinson M, Tey D, Osborne NJ, Dang T, Tina Tan HT, Thiele L, Anderson D, Czech H, Sanjeevan J, Zurzolo G, Dwyer T, Tang ML, Hill D, Dharmage SC. Vitamin D insufficiency is associated with challenge-proven food allergy in infants. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013 Apr;131(4):1109-16, 1116.e1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.01.017. Epub 2013 Feb 27.

    PubMed 23453797
  • Allen KJ, Panjari M, Koplin JJ, Ponsonby AL, Vuillermin P, Gurrin LC, Greaves R, Carvalho N, Dalziel K, Tang ML, Lee KJ, Wake M, Curtis N, Dharmage SC. VITALITY trial: protocol for a randomised controlled trial to establish the role of postnatal vitamin D supplementation in infant immune health. BMJ Open. 2015 Dec 16;5(12):e009377. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009377.

    PubMed 26674499
  • Shen Z, Robert L, Stolpman M, Che Y, Allen KJ, Saffery R, Walsh A, Young A, Eckert J, Deming C, Chen Q, Conlan S, Laky K, Li JM, Chatman L, Kashaf SS; NISC Comparative Sequencing Program; VITALITY team; Kong HH, Frischmeyer-Guerrerio PA, Perrett KP, Segre JA. A genome catalog of the early-life human skin microbiome. Genome Biol. 2023 Nov 10;24(1):252. doi: 10.1186/s13059-023-03090-w.

    PubMed 37946302

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A Phase 4 study testing Vitamin D in people with Food Allergy, run by Murdoch Childrens Research Institute at 1 site in Australia.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: under way, not looking for participants, as of the sponsor's last update on 3 Dec 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in Australia. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

What does this phase mean?

Phase 4 studies take place after a treatment is approved, to learn more about its long-term benefits and risks in everyday use.

Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.

Are results available for this study?

This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

The prevalence of challenge-proven food allergy at 12 months of age (time frame: At 12 months of age). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT02112734, which also lists 3 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 3 Dec 2025.

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